NgoLwesihlanu umhla ka-13, amakati amnyama avela e-American French Lick Springs (Indiana) ahambahamba nezinsimbi ezincane entanyeni yawo. Lo mthetho ubekwe emthethweni ovikela izakhamizi zakulelidolobha ekuhlangabezaneni ngengozi nezilwane ezibulalayo.
Iminyaka ephakathi
"Izilwane ezingamaqaba ezakha uzungu noDeveli," u-Innocent VIII, owayehola iSonto LamaKatolika ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15, wabiza amakati ngokuthi.
Kwakungekho abazingeli ababengaphikisana noPapa waseRoma, kanti kanye namakhulu abesifazane ababesolwa ngokuthakatha, amakati anezinwele ezimnyama athunyelwa emlilweni. Ukuhlaselwa kwamakati okuphelele kwenzeke ngokohlelo, ngezinsuku eziqinile.
Abantu babekholelwa ngokungenamibandela ekungeneni kwamakati amnyama, bekholelwa ukuthi ngaphansi kwesithunzi sabo kuvame ukuba ngabesifazane abangabesifazane, abathakathi.
Imililo yavutha kulo lonke elaseYurophu lasendulo. Maphakathi nekhulu le-14 leminyaka, ubhadane lwesifo se-bubonic lwanciphisa izigidi ezingama-60, iningi labo okungenzeka ukuthi lasinda ukube kwakungekhona ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi bekati - abalwa kakhulu namagundane ayephethe induku yesifo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izici "zobudemoni" zama-felines zibasebenzele insizakalo yesibili embi: abantu abavamile baqala ukuzisebenzisa kumasiko amaningi omlingo.
Baheha uthando nenyama yamakati futhi bazama ukubhekana nokugula okungalapheki. Osokhemisi bahlanganisa imithi yabo negazi lekati, umchamo, namafutha.
Abantu baseYurophu babiyela amakati aphilayo ezindongeni zemizi yabo, bengangabazi ukuthi bazosiza ukwethusa imimoya emibi, izifo nokunye okubi.
UCharles Owokuqala
Amahemuhemu athi le nkosi yaseNgilandi, eyabusa ngekhulu le-17, yayinamathele ngokweqile kwikati layo elimnyama. Wayeqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi intandokazi yakhe imlethela injabulo, futhi waphoqelela onogada ukuthi bambuke ngokuqapha.
Maye, safika isikhathi, yafa ikati. Umbusi ongaduduzeki wakusho kabuhlungu ukuthi inhlanhla yakhe imshiyile, futhi wayeqinisile. UCharles wahlulwa impi yombango, waboshwa, walahlwa yicala yiphalamende futhi wabulawa: ngoJanuwari 30, 1649, wanqunywa ikhanda.
Amakati eRussia
Abathakathi nabathakathi baseRussia babevame ukwamukela amakati amnyama ngenhloso yokuthola izinkolelo-ze ikakhulukazi - ukuwasabisa noma ukuwalimaza.
Wonke umuntu owayegcina amakati amnyama ezindlini wawakhipha embundwini lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esingesihle, ukuze angadonseli ukuduma kwezulu endlini.
Uma ikati lomunye omnyama langena endaweni yokuhlala yabantu abampofu, wabulawa ukuze agweme izinkinga ezizayo. Uma isilwane siluma noma saklwebha ingane, wayeyiswa ngokuphuthumayo ethempelini ukuze asuse isiqalekiso.
Ithambo lekati elimnyama lidlale indima yesiphandla ekuvikeleni esweni elibi nakudimoni, futhi futhi yaba yingxenye yesidakamizwa sothando. Amathambo esilwane abanjwa ngqo phakathi kwamabili ngomhla ka-13 ayemlungele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Emadolobhaneni akude, ukukhulisa isivuno, babenza imihlatshelo emibi, bengcwaba izidalwa ezimbili eziphilayo emhlabathini: ikati elimnyama nentombazane enqunu.
Izimpawu zaseRussia
Akekho ozothi manje kusuka kumuphi unyaka eRussia abaqale ukwesaba ukuhlangana namakati amnyama. Kepha izulu liyazi lapho isibonakaliso esivelile sesizinzile ngokuqinile emqondweni, sesiphile kulezi zikhathi ezikhanyisiwe zamanje.
Ngaphambi kokwethuka lapho uhlangana nekati elimnyama, bhekisisa indlela ahamba ngayo: uma "esifubeni" (kwisifaki sezingubo) - qaphela, ngaphandle kwalokho - unganaki ukubaluleka.
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokususa umyalezo ongemuhle ovela kwikati ebeligijima "esifubeni":
- zungeza isilwane ngokukhetha indlela ehlukile;
- khafula (amahlandla ama-3) ehlombe langakwesobunxele bese uqhubeka, uphendukisa umkhiwane ephaketheni lakho noma ubambe inkinobho;
- linda umuntu ongowokuqala ukudlula umgwaqo "olahliwe".
Emadolobhaneni, ikati elimnyama nekati lisize abanikazi bazo ukuzinza eqhugwaneni elisha: bethulwe lapho ngobusuku besibili, benika eyokuqala iqhude elimnyama nesikhukhukazi.
Imfashini namakati
Ngekhulu le-19, izakhamizi zaseRussia zasebenzelana namakati amnyama kanzima kuneNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki, zababulala ngenxa yokuthengisa izikhumba, eziningi ezithengwe ngabathengisi baseChina. E-China, izigqoko zoboya ezazisemfashinini ngaleso sikhathi zazithungela kubo.
Kuyathakazelisa! AmaShayina anikeze inani eliphakeme kunawo wonke ngoboya bamakati amnyama asekhaya: izikhathi eziphakeme ezi-2-3 kunezindleko zezikhumba zombala ohlukile.
Ukuthi kungani beqede imidumba yasedolobheni esikhundleni sokuzingela amahlathi kanye namakati asemaqeleni akusazwisiseki: laba ababili bokugcina banemibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu nosayizi abakhulu besikhumba.
Noma kunjalo, amakati asinda kulokhu kuhlaselwa, kancane kancane ezala amazinyane amasha, amnyama njengamalahle.
Izimpawu zamatilosi
Abasolwandle banezibalo zabo nalezi zilwane. Amakati amnyama ahamba eza kuwe abonwa njengezimbangela zenkathazo, ezihambela kude nawe - zibikezela inhlanhla.
Ikati elimnyama elisemkhunjini libhekele impumelelo yohambo, futhi uma isilwane siphonswa olwandle, ulwandle luzoqala luhlasele.
Uma ikati lingena emkhunjini liboshelwe esikebheni, kodwa ngemuva kwesikhashana liwushiye, kusho ukuthi uzobulawa futhi uzocwila kungekudala.
Yingakho ke amatilosi agcina amakati emkhunjini kuze kube yilapho umkhumbi usuka, futhi abafazi bamatilosi bagcina izilo ezinomsila emakhaya, bekholelwa ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi akukho okubi okuzokwehlela abathembekile babo.
Amabika amabi
Ukwesaba amakati amnyama kusabalale emhlabeni wonke. Futhi manje noma imuphi umshado e-USA, lapho i-murk enezinwele ezimnyama iwela khona ngengozi, i-priori ethathwa njengalelwe ukuhlukanisa.
Kunenkolelo efanayo eJalimane. Ukuhlangana nekati elinjalo phakathi nezinsuku, amaJalimane azobheka i-vector yomzila wawo: kusuka kwesokudla kuye kwesobunxele - kuya ezinkingeni, kusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla - ezindabeni ezimnandi.
Izakhamizi zoMbuso Wasezulwini ziqinisekile ukuthi amakati anoboya obumnyama akhombisa ubuphofu nendlala, futhi ahlangana nemiphefumulo yabafileyo.
Ikati elimnyama libhekwa njengesithunywa sokufa e-Italy: kodwa kuphela uma ngokungazelelwe egxumela embhedeni wesiguli.
Abomdabu baseYorkshire (enyakatho yeNgilandi) bahlukanisa izilwane zibe ngabangane nezitha. Lezi zokugcina, ziwela umgwaqo, zithembisa ubunzima. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezimnyama zilungele inkosi yazo kuphela.
Amabika amahle
AbaseBrithani bathole izincazelo eziningi ezinhle.
Izakhamizi zase-UK zikholelwa ukuthi ukuhlala endlini yekati elimnyama kuqinisekisa ukushada kwendodakazi yomnikazi kanye nabathandi abaningi uma owakwakhe elahlekelwa ngumqaphi wakhe.
Uphawu oluhle kakhulu ikati elithimayo eduze komakoti waseNgilandi: isibopho somshado sizoqina futhi sijabule.
EMidlands, ngaphandle kwekati elimnyama elinikezwe osanda kushada, akunakwenzeka ukuba nomshado omuhle.
Lapho, eNgilandi, basakholelwa ukuthi ikati elimnyama lahlangana noma lazulazula lingena endlini ngokuqinisekile lizoheha inhlanhla.
Kuyathakazelisa! "Ikati elimnyama emphemeni - ingcebo endlini": lesi saga ngesamaScots.
Izakhamuzi zaseNgilandi, eFrance naseBulgaria zizojabula ukuthola ikati elimnyama njengesipho, zibheka lokhu njengophawu lwenhlonipho ekhethekile.
Abantu baseMelika basakholelwa ukuthi ikati elimnyama eliza emnyango wakho kufanele livunyelwe lingene ngaphakathi, ligonwe futhi liphakelwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungalindeli inhlanhla.
EPortugal, isihluku sasihlonzwa kalula ngokungabikho kwekati noma inja emnyama ekhaya laso.
AmaJapane abona amakati amnyama njengabaphilisi nabavikeli kumathonya amabi, angangabazi ukuthi izilo ezinomsila azidonsi injabulo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinsimbi.
Izakhamizi zaseLatvia zashintsha izingqondo zazo ngamakati amnyama, ekugcineni zathola izakhiwo ezihlambalazayo kuzo, yize emakhulwini eminyaka edlule inja emnyama, iqhude nekati yanikeza abalimi baseLatvia isivuno esihle nenhlanhla.
AbaseFinland baxabana neningi labantu baseYurophu: bayethuka ngokwesaba hhayi abamnyama, kepha ... ngamakati ampunga.
Usuku lwamakati amnyama
Lolu suku (Novemba 17) lubekwe amaNtaliyane, noma kunalokho iNhlangano yabo kazwelonke Yokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo Nezilwane, ikhathazekile ngokunyamalala nokufa kwamakati emhlabeni jikelele.
Amalungu eNhlangano abale ukuthi minyaka yonke eRoma kuphela, abanikazi balahlekelwa amakati amnyama afinyelela kwizinkulungwane eziyi-15. Le suti ayidingeki emakhaya ezintandane, lapho izingane ezikhanyayo zihlukaniswa ngokuzithandela ngokwengeziwe.
Ukubekezela kwezishoshovu zase-Italy kwaphela ngo-2007. Ngokusungula usuku olukhethekile, amaNtaliyane akhumbuza umhlaba ukuthi amakati amnyama ngokwawo ahlala enebhadi. Izilwane azikwazi ukunqoba ukufiphala okusabusa emiqondweni yabantu.
