Kubukeka kanjani alpaca futhi yehluke kanjani kwilama? I-Alpaca (okugcizelelwa kuhlamvu lwemisho lokugcina) yisilwane imitha elilodwa ukuphakama nobude bentamo bomndeni wamakamela. Isetshenziswe ngamaNdiya endawo, eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili eyedlule eNingizimu Melika, okuyizindawo eziphakeme. Izinhlobo zalesi silwane, ngoboya baso obubaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, zifuywa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi e-Australia, lapho isimo sezulu sibafanele khona.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Alpaca
Ukufunda lesi silwane nemikhuba yaso, ososayensi basebenzise iminyaka behlola i-DNA yesilwane futhi bafakazela ubuqiniso be-hypothesis:
- ziyizilwane ezincelisayo;
- iqembu lama-artiodactyls;
- ama-calluses angaphansi;
- umndeni wekamela;
- uhlobo lwe-vicuna.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zilwane emhlabeni, ezifanayo ngokubukeka komunye nomunye. Owokuqala angama-llamas amakhulu kunawo wonke, ama-guanacos mancane futhi amafushane ngokuphakama, nama-vicuñas, ahluke ngaphandle ngosayizi wawo omncane nangomusa wawo, kanti lawo ahlasele kakhulu yi-alpaca. Lezi zilwane bezikhona kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kodwa ngaphandle azikashintshi. Umuntu omdala unesisindo esifinyelela ku-70 kilograms, futhi ukhula aze afike kumitha elilodwa ukuphakama.
Ividiyo: Alpaca
Emazweni aseNingizimu Melika, ama-alpaca akhiqizwa ezimweni zemvelo, emadlelweni. Ngakho-ke, yisho abantu bendawo, isikhathi sabo sokuphila siside kakhulu, futhi bathola isisindo ngokushesha. Balethwa endaweni yaseYurophu cishe eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, ngenhloso yokukhula njengesilwane sokuhlobisa. Yize lolu hlobo lungabizi kakhulu, labo abaye bazivumela lokhu "okunethezeka" qaphela ukuthi isilwane esinesimo sobungani siyazilahla futhi "ukuxhumana" naso kuyasetshenziswa kwezokwelapha.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-alpaca: iWakaya neSuri. Isici esihlukile uboya.
- Uboya bukaSuri ulenga phansi ezindwangu zezingulube emhlabathini futhi buthambile ikakhulukazi futhi bunomusa. Le yi-alpaca ebaluleke kakhulu futhi engavamile.
- I-huacaya, ngenxa yengubo yayo eminyene ngisho nejazi, iluhlobo lwangempela lwe-alpaca. Akhulelwa ukuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa okulula kakhulu ukuzicubungula kunezikaSuri.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal Alpaca
Ngenxa yokushoda kwezinselo, babelwa ikholi engaphansi. Lo mmbila ungene esikhundleni sonyawo nezinselo. Imilenze yazo eneminwe emibili enezinzipho ezibuthuntu ezinomumo ogobile. Endle, uzipho luyasulwa ematsheni nasekuqineni kwamathafa anamadwala, futhi uma isilwane sigcinwa esigodini, khona-ke uzipho kufanele lunqunywe ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho behamba, baphumula kuma-phalanges eminwe, ngenxa yalokho amadlelo anganyathelwa. Emaphethelweni, badinga ukuthambisa okufana notshani.
Badabula uhlaza ngezindebe zabo bese behlafuna ukudla ngosizo lwama-lateral incisors, ngoba awekho amazinyo aphezulu. Ngokukhula, ama-incisors ayaguga futhi akhule kancane kancane. Njengoba zinoboya obukhulu, zizizwa zikhulu ezintabeni ezinokuphakama kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-3, futhi ziyakwazi nokuphefumula umoya wezintaba eziphakeme ngobuningi be-oxygen ephansi. Umzimba wesilwane esikhanyayo ukhanyiselwa ukucubungula inani elikhulu lohlaza. Usuku lonke baqoqa ukudla esiswini sabo esingajwayelekile abanezingxenye ezintathu (ezinye izinto ezikhanyayo zinamane), kuthi kusihlwa bakucubungule.
Phakathi kwamaNdiya asendulo, uboya be-alpaca babubhekwa njengemali yokushintshanisa, futhi umquba wawunguphethiloli obalulekile futhi omuhle kakhulu. Isikhumba sasetshenziselwa ukuthunga izingubo. I-Alpaca inyama iyadliwa, kepha kuyaqabukela kakhulu. Zizoba wusizo kakhulu lapho zisaphila.
Njengamanje, uboya buthathwa njengekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu futhi obiza kakhulu. Ekhiqizeni izinto zomklami ezinokukhanya okuphezulu nobumnene, kusetshenziswa indwangu encane ye-alpaca. Futhi kukhaphethi nezingubo zangaphandle, uboya babantu asebekhulile buhle.
Ihlala kuphi i-alpaca?
Isithombe: Ama-alpaca amahle
Lezi zilwane zihlala ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zaseNingizimu Melika i-Andes e-Altiplano (ithafa, lesibili ngobukhulu) nasemazweni ezinkangala zasePeruvia, zidla e-Ecuador nase-Argentina. Lapho isimo sezulu sinzima futhi siguquka, ungathola umhlambi. Emngceleni weqhwa wezintaba, lapho uhlaza luncane khona, kepha yizindawo ezingamaxhaphozi eziheha izakhamuzi zezilwane zasePeruvia lapho.
I-Chile ne-Argentina banemihlambi engangemihla yasendle ebanjwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqoqa uboya. Kwamanye amazwe, njengase-Afrika, endaweni yabo yemvelo, abaphili ngendlela efanayo nendawo yokuhlala ejwayelekile emathafeni aphakeme. Futhi isimo sezulu esishisayo asikulungele ukuzalanisa okuthelayo. ENgilandi naseNew Zealand bafuywa futhi bagcinwa ezibayeni ezikhethekile.
Kunamapulazi amaningi ezilwane eRussia, kepha ukukhulisa i-alpaca yikhono eliphelele. Zifakwe ngombhede wokuvikela imvula neqhwa. Abadingi igumbi elifudumele, kepha badinga ukuvikelwa emoyeni.
Idla ngani i-alpaca?
Isithombe: Alpaca
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, azidluli ngokudla futhi zisebenzisa amahlumela amancane, ubulembu nezitshalo ezinomsoco ezinameva ngisho nameva ukugaya ukudla ngokushesha. Futhi uma ugcina isilwane esibayeni, khona-ke kubalulekile ukuthi unikeze ukudla okufana nalokho okukhula endaweni yabo yemvelo. Enye indlela eqinile, engenakhula enotshani obuluhlaza ohlanganiswe namaminerali. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi ihluke kanjani emazweni aseNingizimu Melika. Qiniseka ukuthi utotosa imifino nezithelo. Uma ufisa, nikeza isinkwa esimnyama esidala.
Kepha uma umhlambi udla emadlelweni, khona-ke abalimi batshala izitshalo ezinomsoco ezifana ne-alfalfa ne-clover emadlelweni. Ukuphuza okungenamkhawulo kanye nokuba khona kwezikhotha zikasawoti kubalulekile ukuvimbela ama-microorganisms ayingozi nokugayeka kahle komzimba. Abesifazane abancelisayo badinga izithasiselo zamaprotheni.
Uma uhlela i-corral, lapho-ke udinga ukwazi ukuthi badla izihlahla nezihlahlana. Ngakho-ke, uthango kufanele lwakhiwe kude nezihlahla ze-lilac, ezingalimaza izilwane. Hlala ugcine izihlahla zezithelo, okuyisibiliboco esikhulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimo zemvelo nokudla okudliwayo kuthinta ikhwalithi yoboya. Ekhaya, e-Andes, utshani buyakhula - ichu, ukuphela kokudla kwama-alpaca asePeru. Ngakho-ke, ePeru, izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zalezi zilwane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-alpaca enhle
Hlanza izilwane ngamehlo anomusa. Emazweni ase-Argentina, ungathola ingane idlala nengane noma umuntu omdala. Isidalwa esingenalo ulaka sinomusa kumuntu. Uma ushaya isilwane esisodwa emhlanjini, khona-ke siwela phansi ngokushesha futhi asivuki. Kulesi sikhundla, abalimi bavame ukugunda izinwele zabo.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe bakhombisa ukuhlukumeza kubanikazi abacasulayo. Bangancinza noma bakhafule amathe.
I-Alpaca ihamba kahle nemfuyo. Abefundisi belokhu bekholelwa kaningi ngekhono lokulusa izimvu, ukusindisa umhlambi. Njengoba zihamba zihamba otshanini, zibamba ngotshani utshani obomile, zisuse izimfunda ngameva. Imisindo abayikhiphayo ifana ne-trill yomculo. Ngalo msindo, bakhombisa intshisekelo yabo, ukukhathazeka noma ingozi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby alpaca nonina
Ngokuwela ama-alpaca nama-llamas, bathola inzalo yasekhaya - i-Uarisos. Kepha inzalo uqobo ayisakwazi ukuzala. AmaLlamas, ama-alpaca, ama-guanacos ahlangana kalula. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane kuqala ezinyangeni eziyi-18-24, nakwabesilisa kusuka ezinyangeni ezingama-24-30. Zikulungele ukukhwelana ngokugcwele nokuzala ngemuva kweminyaka emibili.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana unyaka wonke. Ukuzalela endle "kulawulwa" yindoda uqobo, kungavumeli "abantu ongabazi". Futhi uma imihlambi emibili noma emithathu ihlangene, kuliwa impi eshubile yamalungelo wobukhulu emadlelweni, futhi umholi ngamunye uqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhwelwa akwenziwa nabesilisa bakwamanye amazwe. Futhi ekuthunjweni, umuntu usebenzisa ukulawula futhi akhethe abesilisa abathembisayo futhi abavundile kakhulu. Unganquma ukukhulelwa kowesifazane ngokuziphatha kwakhe. Imvamisa ikulungele ukukhwelana ngisho nangemva kokubeletha, kepha uma isivele ikhulelwe, ayivumeli ukuthi owesilisa asondele kuyo.
Abesifazane abaqinile ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ukukhulelwa kwesisu kuvamile. Umbungu uthwalwa izinyanga eziyishumi nanye. Uma izinyane linenhlanhla eyanele yokuphila, khona-ke lizalwa linesisindo esingu-1 kilogram futhi ngehora selivele livuka lodwa. Ikhula ngenkuthalo futhi ifinyelela kuma-35-40 kilograms ngezinyanga eziyi-9. Ngokuyinhloko, izinyane elilodwa, esimweni esingavamile ezimbili, okuthi kamuva zife. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, umhlambi useduze, ezingeni lemvelo yemvelo baphoqelekile ukuqapha insikazi kanye ne-alpachon yokubeletha.
Izitha zemvelo zama-alpaca
Isithombe: I-Alpaca nenja 🙂
Endle, izitha zingama-cougars, jaguar, nama-coyotes. Ama-cougars nezingwe bahlala kulezo zindawo, futhi uma umuntu emkhulu, khona-ke umhlambi ngeke ukwazi ukuzilwela, njengoba ulahlekelwe esinye sezihlobo. Mhlawumbe i-cougar ukuphela kwesilwane esikhuphuka phezulu ezintabeni. Kepha ekuphishekeleni i-alpaca, iyakhathala ngokushesha, okunikeza ithuba umhlambi wonke.
Zimelana nezidalwa ezincane ngokukhahlela ngemilenze yazo yangaphambili. Bazizwa kahle umhlaseli kude futhi ngomsindo omkhulu bexwayisa ngengozi esondelayo. Lo msindo wokubhonga, oqoqa wonke umhlambi, uyakhanga kakhulu futhi wethusa izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ukugijima okusheshayo kusindisa kuzimpisi ezinomhlwenga - kunesizungu nezimpungushe. Ukuze kuvikelwe, kusetshenziswa amathe, okuyimpumelelo futhi ekulweni nezilwane ezidla ezinye. Ukukhafula kuyasebenza futhi emhlambini womzabalazo wokudla.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Alpaca
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kune-alpaca eyizigidi ezingama-3.5-4.5. Isibalo sezilwane sakhiwa eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2,5 edlule. AmaGuanacos nama-vicuñas ahlala egcina kude, ekhula endle, kuyilapho ama-llamas nama-alpaca aqala ukufuywa cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisihlanu eyedlule. Isibalo sabantu base-alpaca sesinciphile isikhathi eside, kusukela ngesikhathi samaphayona emazweni aseNingizimu Melika nasendle, ngaphandle kokugadwa ngabantu abasakwazi ukutholakala. Abakholoni, ngokuzalanisa imfuyo yabo, "bahambisa" imihlambi ezindaweni ezingadluli kahle zase-Andes, lokhu kwehlise kakhulu inani lemfuyo. Kodwa kwakudingeka bazivumelanise nezindawo eziphakeme futhi bafune izindawo ezinamadlelo avundlile. Kakade, abakwazi ukweqa izintaba. Izimpawu zangaphandle phakathi kwe-alpaca ne-llama zingadida.
Kepha kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalezi zilwane:
- izindlebe ezinde nezisehlisiwe ze-llama ziyefana nenyanga eyikreshi. Futhi kuma-alpaca akhonjisiwe;
- ukwakheka nosayizi wobuso be-alpaca buyindilinga futhi buncane. Ku-lama, ivulekile futhi imincane;
- isisindo se-llama siphakeme kakhulu, amahlandla amabili;
- Ama-llamas angabantu abanamahloni empilweni, i-alpaca yokwamukela inomuzwa wokuhlangana;
- uboya bangaphambili bukhulu kakhulu, kanti obama-llamas.
Lezi zilwane nazo ziyehluka ngesimo nangokuziphatha. I-Alpaca ayinolaka kangako, kanti ama-llamas angakhahlela noma akhafulele ngaphandle kwesizathu. Imboni yaseBrithani ifuna imikhiqizo yemvelo yethule izinto zokusetshenziswa ezenziwe ngoboya emakethe yezindwangu. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwezilwane luphume emthunzini futhi lwaqala ukuhlonishwa ngabantu. Ukuzingelwa kwalolu hlobo, kanye nama-vicuña, kwakungavunyelwe.
Abalondolozi bemvelo bathi inani lama-alpaca alisongelwa, futhi asikho isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuwafaka eRed Book. Kepha, noma kunjalo, ePeru kukhona ukulawula ukuthunyelwa kanye nokuhlatshwa kwezilwane.
Kufanelekile ukusho izakhiwo ze-alpaca fiber. Bafika ngemibala engu-16 kuya kwengu-18. Kusuka kokumhlophe kuye kokumpunga okunombala obomvana, kusuka kophuzi kuya konsundu onsundu. Ungathola imibala emnyama, kepha noma kunjalo, ithoni emhlophe iyadingeka, iyindlala kakhulu. Embonini yezindwangu, asikho isidingo sokudaya uboya, busetshenziswa ngendlela yabo yemvelo.
Uboya be-Alpaca buchazwa yilezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo:
- ubufakazi bomswakama nokuxosha amanzi;
- isisindo esincane ngokuthungwa okuthambile;
- kufudumele kunoboya bezimvu;
- umkhiqizo awubhobozi futhi awubangeli ukungezwani komzimba;
- okugqokekayo futhi kungangcolisi isikhathi eside, ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-lanolin.
I-Alpaca inikeza uboya bekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu futhi buhlukanisa ngokweqophelo nezinye izindwangu zemvelo. Izingubo ezihlala isikhathi eside nezinethezekile azitholakali.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 24.01.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 17.09.2019 ngo-9: 29
