Inja yaseNewfoundland iyinja enkulu yokusebenza kwezinja. Ezinkulu, ezihlakaniphile, ezinamandla, ezithembekile nokuzola, lezi zinja zavela esiqhingini saseNewfoundland, esizinike igama lazo.
Lezi yizinja zamanzi, abahlengi abahle kakhulu emanzini, njengoba ijazi labo lingangeni manzi, kukhona ulwelwesi ezinqeni zabo, futhi nomthamo wamaphaphu abo uzobenza bakwazi ukubhukuda ngokuphelele.
Izifushaniso
- Le yinja enkulu, gcina lokhu engqondweni lapho uthenga umdlwane omncane. Azikulungele kakhulu ukuhlala efulethini eliminyene futhi zijabule endlini yangasese, ikakhulukazi uma kunamanzi eduze.
- Lolu wuhlobo olusebenzayo oludinga ukuba sebhizinisini.
- Uma amathe agelezayo ekucasula, khona-ke lolu hlobo akuzona olwakho. Akugelezi njengamastiffs, kepha kuyageleza noma kunjalo.
- Uma ufuna inja yakho ibukeke kahle, khona-ke ukuzilungisa okuningi kuyadingeka engutsheni yayo. Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-molting.
- Zingahlala endaweni ezifudumele kepha zihlushwa ukushisa. Le yinja yezimo ezibandayo. Ukugwema i-heatstroke, yigcine egumbini elinomoya opholile noma endlini yangasese.
Umlando wozalo
Ake siqale ngokucaciswa okuncane. Lezi zinja zibizwa ngabatshuzi, okungalungile. I-Moscow Diver iyinhlobo yezinja zensizakalo ezafuywa ngesisekelo seNewfoundland e-USSR ngawo-1940-1980s.
Njengoba lalingekho inani elikhulu labantu, lanyamalala kancane kancane futhi manje selithathwa njengelahlekile.
Kepha umlando wohlanga awudideki kangako, ungomunye wezimpikiswano kakhulu. Kunemibono eminingi yokuthi izinja ezimnyama ezinkulu zavela kanjani eNewfoundland.
Okokuqala kumayelana nemvelaphi yabo kusuka enjeni enkulu emnyama yebhere yamaViking. Abavubukuli bathole i-L'Ans aux Meadows - indawo ehlala amaViking ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-11, phakathi kwezinto zakudala - amathambo enja enkulu.
Isivumelwano ngokwaso asihlalanga isikhathi eside, asizange sithole ukuthuthukiswa, asikho esinye isiqinisekiso sale mbono, futhi nenguqulo yokuthi bavela enjeni enkulu emnyama yebhere yamaViking ayilutho nje lokusungulwa kwezothando.
Enye inguqulo imvelaphi yempisi emnyama manje engasekho noma izinhlobo zabomdabu. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abaningi bayavuma ukuthi zazingekho izinhlobo zomdabu kulesi siqhingi ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseYurophu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe babekhona, babebancane kakhulu kangangokuthi abazange bangene emlandweni. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi lesi yisiqhingi futhi nabantu bakhona balinganiselwe.
INewfoundlands ifana nezinhlobo zemastiff ezifana neSt. Bernard ne-English Mastiff. Zinezidladla eziwugqinsi, ikhanda elikhulu, isifonyo esibanzi namathambo aqinile.
Eqinisweni, iSt Bernards eziningi zanamuhla zinegazi laseNewfoundland egazini lazo, ngoba lapho lolu hlobo lwalusengcupheni yokuqothulwa, zawela.
Kukhona ukufana nezinja zasentabeni njengePyrenean Sheepdog.
Cishe, bavela ezinjeni ezahlukene zaseYurophu. Lokhu kunengqondo, ngoba lesi siqhingi sasiyisizinda semikhumbi ehlukahlukene yokuhweba, yokudoba, yezempi evela emhlabeni wonke.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umlando wohlobo lolo ufana kakhulu nowomunye umuntu womdabu, manje ongasekho - inja yamanzi yaseSt.
Okuningi esikwaziyo ngomlando wokuqala wohlobo lwaqala maphakathi nekhulu le-18, lapho uhlobo lwalufakazela ukuba lusizo kwalo, lusebenza njengesilwane esingagqokiwe, sidonsa izinqola noma amanetha futhi lusindisa abantu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, siqala ukuthola ukubalulwa kokuqala kwegama "Newfoundland" kumadokhumende, komagazini nasezincwadini zesikhathi.
Zilusizo ngokulinganayo emanzini nasemhlabeni, zazisetshenziswa emikhunjini ukuhambisa iposi ogwini nezinto phakathi kwemikhumbi.
Babesetshenziswa ngisho nokuhambisa iposi lobukhosi edolobheni besebenzisa izinqola ezikhethekile zokhuni. Abalimi babebasebenzisela futhi ukuhambisa nokuletha ubisi.
Njengoba sekutholakele ukuthandwa nokwaziwa phakathi kwamatilosi, lolu hlobo lwaqala ukusabalala emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 eNgilandi kwakunezinkulisa eziningi, yize ezweni lakubo zazingasekho.
Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yemithetho emibili eyashaywa ngo-1780 nango-1885, eyayiphoqa wonke umuntu ukuthi akhokhe intela esindayo kuwo wonke umuntu owayegcina le nja.
Ngasikhathi sinye, intela yama-bitches yayiphezulu kakhulu kunentela yabesilisa, okwaholela ekubhujisweni kweningi ngisho nasebusheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngawo-1900, izifunda eziyi-135 eNewfoundland zanquma ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukugcinwa kwezinja.
Kepha, ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala naseNgilandi, babesengozini. Ngo-1919, lolu hlobo lwasengozini, kwathi ngo-1923 kwabhaliswa izinja ezingama-23 eziqhingini kuphela.
Sibonga kuphela imizamo yabafuyi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba izinombolo ezibuyiselwe, kepha inqubekela phambili yayihamba kancane futhi ibuhlungu.
Ngo-1928, leli nani lacishe ladlula abantu abangama-75. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye izinhlobo zamenyezelwa ukuthi ziyanyamalala lapho inani lalingaphansi kuka-300.
Namuhla, iNewfoundlands yaziwa emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi njengezilwane ezifuywayo, kepha eziningi zisasindisa abantu namuhla. EFrance nase-Italy, bayizinja ezisindisayo ezisemthethweni, abanye bayakwazi nokugxuma besuka enophephela emhlane bangene emanzini ukuze basindise umuntu.
Lezi zinja ezinkulu, ezihlakaniphile, ezinomusa zisebenza njengabahlengikazi, zibheka abantu abangaphansi kwemfucumfucu nama-avalchi, basebenza njengabaqondisi.
Incazelo
Njengenja esebenza ngezindlela eziningi, uzizwa enethemba emhlabeni nasemanzini. Yinja enkulu, elinganiselayo, esindayo enezinyawo ezinama-webbed nejazi elingangeni amanzi.
Emanzini, ungumuntu onekhono lokubhukuda (hhayi ngaphandle kwesizathu obizwa ngokuthi ngumtshuzi), futhi emhlabeni uyisisebenzi esisebenza ngokungakhathali, esikwazi ukudonsa umthwalo osindayo. Zingezinhlobo ezinkulu zezinja. Eziduna ezibunile zifinyelela ku-71 cm futhi zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-68 kg, ama-bitches angama-61 cm nesisindo esifinyelela kuma-54 kg.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwe kahle, abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu futhi bakhulu kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kujwayelekile ukuthi izinja zeqe izibalo ezikhonjisiwe, ngakho-ke inja enkulu ingaba nesisindo esifika ku-100 kg. Esikhulu kunazo zonke sasinesisindo esingu-120 kg futhi sasingamamitha ayi-1.8 ukusuka ekugcineni kwempumu kuya emsileni. Yize izinja ezinkulu zaziswa, usayizi awulingani nekhwalithi futhi uhlobo lokuzala lusikisela ukuthi izinja ezilinganisiwe ziyathandwa.
Ikhanda likhulu, ugebhezi lubanzi, luthambile kancane. Ubuso akumele bube nemigoqo yesikhumba nemibimbi, bushelelezi. Amehlo mancane, ajulile, ahlukaniswe kabanzi, ansundu ngombala.
Yize izinja ezinamajazi akhanyayo, umbala wamehlo okhanyayo wamukelekile, inqobo nje uma ungonakalisi umbono wenja.
Ukuvezwa kwamehlo kuthambile, kukhombisa izici zohlobo - ubuhlakani, isithunzi, umusa. Yingakho umbala wamehlo ohlukile ungathandeki, onganikeza uhlobo lokukhuluma okusongela.
Izindlebe zincane, zingunxantathu, imikhawulo iyindilinga. Isikisi noma ukuluma okuqondile.
Intamo inkulu futhi inamandla, inobude obukhulu, ivumela iNewfoundland ukuthi ikwazi ukuphakamisa ikhanda layo ngokuziqhenya. Amahlombe anemisipha futhi aqinile, ahlangana nomhlane obanzi. Imbambo ijule, ibanzi futhi inamandla amakhulu.
Umthamo omkhulu wamaphaphu uvumela inja ukuthi ibhukude amabanga amade ngokwedlulele olwandle oluvulekile ngenkathi ilwa namagagasi nemisinga. Izinyawo zinzima, zinemisipha, ziqondile futhi ziyafana komunye nomunye.
Isici esivelele salo mhlanga yingubo ebushelelezi, engangeni manzi, nejazi elimbili elithanda ukubuyela esimweni salo semvelo, noma libekwe kolunye uhlangothi. Ihembe elingenhla linobude obuphakathi nendawo, liwugqinsi, linezinwele eziqondile noma ezijikayo.
Ingubo yangaphansi eminyene, eminyene, ethambile ivikela inja emvelweni nasekushiseni. Izinwele yizo ezimfushane kunawo wonke esifubeni nasekhanda, emsileni zinde, ziwugqinsi futhi zimaholo. Izimpaphe ngaphambili nasemilenzeni yangemuva.
Imibala eqashelwa ngokusemthethweni emnyama, emnyama nomhlophe nansundu. Ukumakwa okumhlophe esifubeni, ezinzwaneni kanye nethiphu yomsila kuvunyelwe.
Uhlamvu
Ngokwezinga lokuzala:
“Isimo sobumnene yisici esivelele seNewfoundland; lesi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu sohlobo. "
Bayizinja ezimnene, ezibekezelayo, ezinamathele kakhulu kumnikazi wazo nasemndenini wazo. Badume ngokubekezelelana kwabo nothando lwabo ezinganeni, abazoba izindela nabangane babo. Kodwa-ke, lena yinja enkulu futhi kufanele kunakekelwe ukuze kungabikho okhonsiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bayo buyenza ibe yingozi ngisho nangesikhathi semidlalo. Ungashiyi izingane ezincane zinganakiwe, ngisho nezinja ezibizwa ngokuthi imidondoshiya emnene.
Bahlakaniphile futhi banozwela, bangaba ababheki abalungile. Empilweni yansuku zonke, abavamile ukukhonkotha, kepha uma udinga ukuphakamisa i-alamu, bakwenza ngokuzwakalayo. Futhi, banokucabanga okuzimele futhi ngokwabo bangahlola izinga lobungozi. Uma isimo sidinga lokho, bazoba nesibindi futhi bazimisele.
Ngasikhathi sinye, abanalo ulaka, uma udinga ukubamba umuntu ongamazi, khona-ke bakhetha ukumethusa noma ukuma phakathi kwakhe nomndeni.
Alungile hhayi kuphela ngezingane, kodwa futhi nangezinye izidalwa. Ukuzibandakanya nabantu kufanele kuqalwe kusenesikhathi ukwethula umdlwane emhlabeni omzungezile: imisindo, izilwane, izinja, iphunga nabantu. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi yize ubukhulu bayo, iNewfoundland iyinja yamanzi, hhayi umalusi. Zizalelwe ukusebenza emanzini, kukhona nolwelwesi phakathi kweminwe.
Ngakho-ke ungamthembi njengonogada noma umlindi.
Bazwana kahle nezinye izinja, kepha abesilisa bangabusa komunye nomunye. Yize bengahlaseli, ngeke bahlehle futhi. Futhi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, lokhu kungabulala izinja ezincane, noma ngabe iNewfoundland ngeke izame ukujaha noma ukubulala umphikisi.
Ezinye zingaphenduka futhi kube nzima ukuziqeqesha. Ukuqeqesha kufanele kungaguquguquki, kuthakazelise, kudlale. Isibiliboco esinikezwa impumelelo sisebenza kahle nabo.
Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kuqalwe kusenesikhathi ukuze umdlwane ujwayele ukulalela.
INewfoundlands inokucabanga okuzimele futhi iyazenzela izinqumo. Kuyabonakala ukuthi bayazwela kuthoni lomnikazi futhi baqonde ukuthinta kwakhe.
Ukuba luhlaza nokumemeza ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa ngeke kusize nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kuzolimaza. Lokhu kunjalo lapho udinga ukwenza hhayi ngenduku, kodwa ngesanqante.
Esinye isici salolu hlobo ukuzinikela nobuqhawe, okukhona kubo amakhulukhulu obufakazi. Ukuzimisela kwabo ekusindiseni impilo yomuntu kuboniswe ezincwadini, kwezobuciko, ezibaziwe.
Kwesinye isikhathi bangadlulisa ingozi bese begcina umuntu obhukuda ongadingi usizo.
Kuzwakala kungenangozi, kodwa ake ucabange ukuthi inja enesisindo esingaphansi kwama-80 kg ibhukuda iza kuwe futhi izama ukukudonsela ogwini. Ukugwema izimo ezinjalo, mqaphele ngenkathi uhamba ngasemanzini.
Ngokwemvelo, lezi zinja ziyawathanda kakhulu amanzi futhi zizosebenzisa wonke amathuba ukungena kuwo. Lolu thando kanye nejazi elidonsa amanzi lenza inja iloli elikhulu lokuletha zonke izinhlobo zokungcola endlini. Iningi lazo litholakala phansi, ifenisha kanye nephepha lodonga. Zibuye ziconse amathe, yize kungenjalo kangako njengezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu.
Zinamandla futhi ziqinile, zihamba kancane futhi zithanda ukuqamba amanga. Bazizwa kamnandi endlini yangasese, ikakhulukazi uma kunamanzi eduze. Kunzima kubo efulethini, ikakhulukazi ehlobo uma kushisa. Bakhetha isimo sezulu esibandayo futhi bangathola ukucindezeleka ekushiseni.
Ukunakekela
Ijazi elimbili elijiyile lithambekele ekuqothulweni nasekuzilungiseni kuzoba yinkinga kubanikazi abangamavila uma bengalixwayi njalo.
Ijazi lokugada liqukethe izinwele ezinde, ezinamafutha kanti ijazi langaphansi likhulu kakhulu. Lapho inja ibhukuda, iyayisiza ukuthi ihlale yomile.
Njengezinhlobo eziningi zasenyakatho, iNewfoundland ikhipha kabili ngonyaka, ilahlekelwe ingxenye enkulu yangaphansi. Lokhu kubenza babe yinkohliso eyisimanga, akekho obaqhathanisa nabo.
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthenga inja, khona-ke masinyane ubeke isikhathi sokuzilungisa nsuku zonke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uboya buzoba sefenisha, okhaphethi, phansi, bandize emoyeni futhi balengise ngezingubo.
Ngesikhathi se-molting, esenzeka entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kungadingeka ukuthi ufune usizo lochwepheshe ukubhekana nevolumu ezowa enja. Amathe noboya kuyinani elincane okufanele likhokhelwe ngokuba nenja enjalo.
Kepha udinga ukugeza i-Newf ubuncane, ukuze ungagezi amafutha avikelayo engubeni yayo. Iningi lokunakekelwa liqukethe ukuhlangana, ukugwema ukwakheka kothangi.
AmaMati akhiwa ngezizathu ezimbili: ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa kanye nethuluzi elingalungile.
Ijazi elijiyile, eliphindwe kabili livimbela amakhekhe amaningi ekungeneni angene ajule ngokwanele futhi amacansi angakha esikhunjeni uqobo.
Kungcono ukusebenza ucezu ngalunye, usebenze ngokuningiliziwe bese uqhubekela kokulandelayo. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukususa indawo ebunjiwe ngesandla noma ngekama, kuzodingeka usike ngesikele.
Ezempilo
INewfoundlands ijwayele i-dysplasia ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene kanye ne-cystinuria. Izinja ezinkulu azinayo impilo ende nempilo enhle, amaNewfies abukeka emuhle ngokwanele uma kuqhathaniswa nemvelaphi yawo.
Baphila iminyaka eyi-8-12, ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-10.
