Isilwane esinamazinyo acijile - pike ujwayelekile cishe kuwo wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni, umuntu kufanele akhumbule kuphela indaba ngo-Emelya. Abaningi bangathanda ukubamba isifanekiso esinjalo somlingo esigcwalisa izifiso. Ezweni lakithi, le nhlanzi ayijwayelekile neze; ikhetha imizimba yamanzi angenasawoti. Kepha ngaphandle kwepiki ejwayelekile, kunezinye izinhlobo. Sizofunda konke mayelana nale nhlanzi ngokudla okuningiliziwe, ngemuva kokuhlaziya imikhuba yayo, isigqi sempilo nezinye izici ezibalulekile.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Pike
UPike uyinhlanzi edla inyama yomndeni wama-pike, isigaba sezinhlanzi esikhishwe ngemisebe kanye ne-oda elifana nepiki. Ukuqhubeka nokuchazwa kwale nhlanzi, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlukanise izinhlobo zayo, ngoba zihlukile phakathi kwazo hhayi kuphela ezindaweni zokusabalalisa, kodwa futhi nakwezinye izici zangaphandle. Uhlobo lwepike lunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zale nhlanzi. Ensimini yezwe lethu, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-pike - ezivamile ne-Amur, kanti ezinye ezinhlanu zibhaliswe ezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika.
I-pike ejwayelekile yiyona eningi kunayo yonke; isizinze eNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia. Sizohlala kulezi zinhlobonhlobo ngokuningiliziwe kamuva, sisebenzisa isibonelo saso, sizobheka izici zangaphandle zezinhlanzi.
I-pike enesihloko esibomvu (American) inendawo yokuhlala unomphela empumalanga yezwe laseNyakatho Melika futhi ihlukaniswa ngama-subspecies amabili: i-pike esenyakatho ebomvu kanye notshani (eningizimu). Ubude balezi zinhlobo ezincane bungafika ku-45 cm, futhi ubukhulu bungaba ikhilogremu. Isici esivelele sala ma-pikes yinhloko emfushane. I-pike yotshani ayinalo umbala osawolintshi emaphikweni ayo.
Ividiyo: Pike
I-Maskinong pike ayivamile. Uyena omkhulu emndenini wakhe. Igama layo ngolimi lwamaNdiya lisho ukuthi "pike ugly". Kubizwa nangokuthi yi-giant, ngoba ama-specimens avuthiwe angaba ngaphezu kwamitha elilodwa nohhafu ubude, futhi abe nesisindo esingama-32 kg. Umbala ungaba owesiliva, oluhlaza okotshani, onsundu, kuthi ezinhlangothini inhlanzi ibe nemigqa noma ibonakale.
I-pike emthende (emnyama) ngaphandle ifana kakhulu ne-pike ejwayelekile, ubude bayo bomzimba bungafinyelela kuma-60 cm, futhi isisindo sayo cishe siyi-2 kg, yize kwakukhona nezinhlobo ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amane. Ezinhlangothini zalesi sikebhe kunephethini ebukeka njenge-mosaic, futhi umugqa ocishe ube mnyama ugijima ngaphezu kwamehlo enhlanzi.
I-Amur pike ingaphansi ngosayizi we-pike ejwayelekile, ama-specimens amakhulu kakhulu angafinyelela ubude obungaphezulu kancane kwemitha, futhi anesisindo esingama-20 kg. Izikali zezinhlanzi zincane futhi zinombala osasiliva noma oluhlaza okotshani; amabala ansundu atholakala kuwo wonke umzimba wepiki, okwenza umbala wawo ufane nowe-taimen.
Kukhona nezinhlamvu ze-pike ezifuywa ngabantu. Abantu abanjalo abenzelwanga ukuzala endle, ngakho-ke ababona abantu abazimele.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inhlanzi yePike
Sizochaza ukubonakala kwepiki kanye nazo zonke izici zayo usebenzisa isibonelo sepiki ejwayelekile, ubukhulu bayo buhluka kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-35 kg, nobude bomzimba bufinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu. Isibalo sepiki simise okwe-torpedo, ikhanda lenhlanzi linobukhulu obukhulu, lide kancane, ngoba inemihlathi emide. Umhlathi ongaphezulu uthotshiselwe phansi, bese kuthi lowo ophumela phambili uye phambili. Lesi yisici esihlukile sesilwane esinamazinyo. Emhlathini ongezansi, amazinyo anobukhulu obuhlukile, okwenza kube lula ukubamba isisulu.
Ukusuka ngenhla, amazinyo mancane kakhulu futhi abheka ngqo emphinjeni wenhlanzi. Ngenxa yalesi sici, isisulu esibanjiwe sigwinywa kalula, kepha cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi seqe. Ukushintsha kwamazinyo kujwayelekile kakhulu kumaphikisi, kepha amazinyo awashintshi ngasikhathi sinye, le nqubo yenzeka ngezigaba. Amehlo wesilwane esidliwayo makhulu futhi abekwe phezulu, lokhu kuyisiza ukuthi ibambe indawo enkulu ngokubuka kwayo ngaphandle kokujika.
Uma sikhuluma ngombala wepike, khona-ke itholakala ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kuxhomeke echibini lapho izinhlanzi zahlala khona, kuzimila ezikhona lapho nasebudaleni bomzingeli uqobo.
Umsindo oyinhloko wezinhlanzi ungaba:
- okuluhlaza okotshani;
- mpunga ophuzi;
- nsundu ngokumpunga;
- isiliva (etholakala echibini lezinhlanzi).
Ngemuva, ipiki ihlale inombala omnyama, futhi ezinhlangothini zenhlanzi kunamabala ansundu noma aluhlaza noma imivimbo etholakala ngaphesheya. Amaphiko angamabhangqa we-pike anombala osawolintshi, kanti amaphiko angabhangiwe angaba nsundu noma mpunga ngombala ophuzi. Yonke imiphetho iyindilinga futhi ihlehlisiwe, kufaka phakathi i-caudal.
Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi abantu besifazane abangama-pike bakhulu kunabesilisa ngosayizi, umzimba wabo awukhululiwe kangako futhi isikhathi sokuphila siside.
Ukuvulwa kwe-genitourinary kwabesilisa nabesifazane kuhlukile. Kwabesilisa, sincane, sifana nesicucu, sinombala wesibeletho, futhi kwabesifazane sibukeka njengokucindezela okusaqanda, lapho kubonakala khona igebe elibomvana.
Isigaba esingajwayelekile sepiki maqondana nosayizi waso sikhona phakathi kwabadobi.
Zihlukanisa:
- utshani botshani obuhlala emifuleni nasemachibini amancane, ubude bawo ezimweni ezingavamile bufinyelela uhhafu wemitha, futhi isisindo salo singeqi amakhilogremu amabili;
- i-pike ejulile, etholakala emifuleni enamanzi ajulile nasemachibini amakhulu, lapho ukujula kungaba ngaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu. Abantu abanjalo bakhula babe yimitha elilodwa nengxenye ubude futhi banesisindo esingaba ngama-35 kg, kepha kaningi babanjwa benesisindo esisuka kwamakhilogremu amabili kuya kwamahlanu.
Ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo kwezinhlanzi kunemibandela futhi ngokwesayensi akusekelwa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Cishe, abasha bahlala emanzini angajulile ukuze bangabi isidlo sasebusuku sezihlobo zabo ezinkulu, futhi kunokudla okuningi ngasogwini. Amapiki abantu abadala aya maphakathi nezwe, athanda izishingishane kanye nemigodi engaphansi kwamanzi.
Ihlala kuphi ipiki?
Isithombe: Pike isilwane
UPike ungumhlali ojwayelekile wamachibi amanzi angenasawoti atholakala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Angakhetha zombili izindawo ezisogwini, ezigcwele utshani obukhulu, umhlanga, namachibi ajulile nemigodi.
I-pike yotshani (eningizimu) ihlala eMfuleni iMississippi nakweminye imifula egelezela olwandle i-Atlantic. I-pike emnyama (enemigqa) incamela ukuhlala emachibini nasemifuleni enqwabelene, etholakala eningizimu yeCanada iye esifundeni saseFlorida, ibanga layo lifinyelela eGreat Lakes kanye noMfula iMississippi. I-pike yase-Amur ihlala echibini laseSakhalin Island, kanye naseMfuleni i-Amur. I-pike yase-Italy ikhethe amanzi asenyakatho nasenkabeni ye-Italy.
I-pike nayo izwa kamnandi ensimini yamanzi olwandle olunamanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Finnish, Curonian, Riga amatheku aseBaltic, ethekwini laseTaganrog oLwandle i-Azov.
Ensimini yezwe lethu, i-pike ejwayelekile ihlala cishe kuwo wonke umzimba wesibili wamanzi. Uhlala emifuleni emikhulu nemincane, amadamu, amachibi, namachibi. Lesi sidlakela esinamazinyo asithobekile ekukhetheni indawo yokuhlala yaso unomphela, lapha singafaniswa ne-carp ejwayelekile ye-crucian.
Emachibini, abantu abasha abangama-pike bahlala eduze nogu ngokukhula kotshani, ngaphansi kwezingodo, izikebhe ezicwile. Njengoba ekhula aze afike kumakhilogremu amathathu noma amane, angena ekujuleni kwamachibi, athole isiphephelo emigodini nasemachibini. Emifuleni, abantu abasha nabadala bahlala eduze kwamabhange.
Abantu abaningi ngephutha bakholelwa ukuthi i-pike ingaphila amakhulu eminyaka, lokhu akunjalo neze. Imvamisa amapiki ahlala eminyakeni eyi-18 kuye kwengu-20, kunezibonelo ngazinye ezisinde zaya ku-30, kepha lokhu akuvamile neze. Imvamisa, lapho kunokushoda komoya-mpilo emanzini, i-pike iyaqina, imvamisa ebusika emachibini amancane ahlanganisiwe.
Yini edliwa yipike?
Isithombe: Pike emanzini
Amahora wokudla we-pike ajwayelekile ekuseni ngovivi nakusihlwa, emini umhlaseli uhlanganyela ekugayeni ukudla, ephumula endaweni eseceleni. I-pike inomkhuhlane kathathu ngonyaka, bese idla ubusuku nemini. I-zhor yokuqala yenzeka ngaphambi kokuzala (imvamisa ngo-Mashi-Ephreli), okwesibili kwenzeka ngemuva kokuzala (ngoMeyi-Juni), kanti okwesithathu kwenzeka ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, kwesinye isikhathi ngo-Okthoba.
Imenyu yesilwane esidlayo esinamazinyo abukhali ifaka izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi, ama-pike adla:
- i-roach;
- ama-perches;
- ruffs;
- creepers;
- ubukhulu;
- ama-gobies;
- izimbotshana;
- ama-loaches;
- pike.
Ungamangali ukuthi le nhlanzi edla inyama izitika ngokuzitika ngama-congener ayo. I-cannibalism iyachuma endaweni ye-pike, ngakho-ke umuntu omkhulu udla ipiki encane ngenjabulo, ngakho-ke lezi zinhlanzi zihlala zodwa, zihlala zodwa. Ngentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, i-pike ingadla kuwo womabili amaxoxo kanye ne-crayfish ngenkathi i-molting.
Kunezimo lapho ipiki ibamba futhi idonse amadada amancane, amagundane, izingwejeje, amagundane, ama-waders, ibhukuda iwele umfula ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Amapiki amakhulu angahlasela amadada, lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho izinyoni zincibilika futhi zingakwazi ukukhuphukela emoyeni. Futhi, izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu zibamba ngempumelelo izinhlanzi, ubukhulu bazo obuyingxenye yomzingeli wamazinyo kakhulu noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Ososayensi abafunda ngokudla kwe-pike bathole ukuthi imenyu ye-pike esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo inezinhlanzi kakhulu, ezingenanzuzo futhi ziningi, ngakho-ke i-pike ibaluleke kakhulu emapulazini amaningi ezinhlanzi, ngoba ivimbela ukugcinwa kwezinhlanzi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inhlanzi yePike
Njengoba sekushiwo, amaphikisi akhetha ukuhlala yedwa, lokhu akumangazi, ngoba bahlala besengozini yokuba yizisulu zezihlobo zabo ezinkulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kuphela ama-squid amancane kakhulu angazingela, akhe imihlambi emincane. Kunoma imuphi umzimba wamanzi, ipiki ibheka amahlathi aminyene, lapho iqina khona, ilinde isisulu esilandelayo. Lapho ibona ukudla kwayo okulula, ipiki ihlasela ngokushesha ngodwi olulodwa olubukhali.
Izinhlanzi ezinosayizi ophakathi nendawo zithola insimu yazo, esukela ngosayizi kusuka kumamitha-skwele angama-20 kuye kwangama-30, kanti abantu abakhulu banamacebo afinyelela kumamitha-skwele angama-70. Izilwane eziningana ezinamazinyo zihlala endaweni eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye. Bazingela ngokushintshana, kuyilapho lowo osuthi ebandakanyeka ekugayeni ukudla, omunye ulinde inyamazane. Hhayi nje ukubona kwabo okubukhali, kepha futhi nomugqa ohlangothini, othuthukisa ukujwayela esikhaleni (ukuthungela kokuzamazama komhlaba), kusiza ekwenzeni ukuhlasela okuphumelelayo kuma-pikes.
I-pike ihlale igwinya isisulu sayo, kusukela ekhanda, noma ngabe ibanjwe emzimbeni wonke.
Lapho isimo sezulu sizolile futhi libalele, ngisho namapiki amakhulu kakhulu avela emanzini angajulile ukushisa ilanga, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi ungabona amaqoqo aphelele ezinhlanzi ezinkulu kangaka ezibhasikidi. Ukugcwaliswa kwamanzi nge-oxygen ye-pike kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba inhlanzi izwela kakhulu kule nkomba futhi ingafa uma kukhona ukushoda kwayo, njengoba kwenzeka kaningi emizimbeni emincane yamanzi ngezikhathi ezinzima zasebusika.
Ngokuvamile, i-pike iyisilwane esidla ubandayo. Kutholakale ukuthi izinhlanzi ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zikhula isikhathi eside futhi ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunepiki ehlala emanzini aseningizimu, ngakho-ke imvelo yayihlela.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Pike
Ama-pike abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili basondela eminyakeni emine yokuphila, nabesilisa - ngabahlanu. Izinga lokushisa elifanele ukuqala kokuzala ama-degree amathathu kuye kwayi-6 anophawu lokuhlanganisa. Ukuzalela kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, eduze nogu, lapho ukujula kwamanzi kungadluli imitha elilodwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-pike ingabonakala emanzini angajulile, lapho kuzwakala khona ukuqhuma kobudlova. Imvamisa, izinhlobo ezincane ziqala ukuzala kuqala, bese izinhlanzi ezinesisindo zijoyina.
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-pike ngokwemvelo iyisizungu, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lezi zinhlanzi zakha izikole ezincane, eziqukethe abesilisa abaningana (kusuka izingcezu ezi-3 kuye kwezi-5) nowesifazane oyedwa. Insikazi, njengomholi, ibhukuda ngaphambili, bese kuthi abesilisa bayilandele, bagxumele eceleni kwakhe noma babe ngaphezu komhlane wayo. Ama-pikes azala angakhuhla okhunini lwe-drift, izimpande, umhlanga futhi abambe izingongolo, ngakho-ke ziyazala. Lapho isisu siphela, kuvame ukuqhuma okuqinile, futhi amanye ama-pikes enza ukweqa okuphezulu.
Amafry akhula kusuka kusonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili, futhi imenyu yentsha ifaka ama-crustaceans amancane, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana - ukuthosa kwezinye izinhlanzi.
I-pike eyodwa ingabeka amaqanda anamathele kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-215,000, ububanzi bawo obungu-3 mm. Inombolo yabo ixhomeke ngqo kubukhulu besifazane. Baqala babambelele ezitshalweni zasemanzini. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, amaqanda ayayeka ukunamathela futhi acwile phansi, ahlukane nezitshalo, lapho aqhubeka nokukhula khona. Uma, ngemuva kokuzala, amanzi aqala ukwehla ngokushesha, amaqanda iningi liyafa.
Kwenzeka ukuthi amaqanda anamathele ezinyaweni zezinyoni ezizidlayo, ngakho-ke, zidluliselwa kweminye imizimba yamanzi, lapho i-pike yayingazange ibonwe ngaphambili.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kulawo madamu lapho isimo sinzima ngokudla, i-pry of pike, efinyelela usayizi wesigamu sentimitha kuphela, iqala ukudlana isencane kangaka.
Izitha zemvelo zepike
Isithombe: I-pike yezilwane
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-pike uqobo lwayo inesibindi kakhulu, inamazinyo futhi yomele igazi ngokwanele, inezitha ezingaphikisi ukuyidla. Abahlukumezi be-pike bahlanganisa ama-otter nezinkozi ezinenkani, ezithanda ukudla zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi i-toothy pike. Emifuleni yaseSiberia, ama-taimen ancintisana ne-pike, ebhekana kahle nomzingeli osayizi ofanayo, ngakho kulezo zindawo i-pike ayivamile ukufinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu.
UPike, ohlala emanzini aseningizimu, ulinde enye inhlekelele - i-catfish enkulu. Uma izinhlanzi ezinkulu zinezitha, khona-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuba inyama ethosiwe nezincane zisinde, zivame ukuba yizisulu zama-perches nama-rotan, ama-pike perches amakhulu. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-pike ngokwayo idla abafo, inganaki nakancane izibopho zomndeni.
Kwamanye amachibi asenyakatho, i-pike cannibalism iyachuma, lapho ama-pike azondla ngohlobo lwawo kuphela. Uchungechunge lokudla lubukeka kanjena kulezo zindawo: gazinga kudla ama-crustaceans amancane, gazinga kudliwa ama-congener asezingeni eliphakathi, kanti lokhu okugcina kuba yisidlo sezihlobo ezinesisindo.
Umuntu kungabuye kuthiwe uyizitha zalesi silwane esinamazinyo, ngoba siyindebe ehlonishwayo kubadobi abaningi abayizingelayo. Kwezinye izifunda, ukubanjwa kwepiki akulawulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi kuvame ukuba kukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi eziningi ziyafa ngenxa yokufa kwasebusika, okuvame ukwenzeka emizimbeni emincane yamanzi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Pike ngaphansi kwamanzi
Okwamanje, i-pike, njengenhlobo yezinhlanzi, ayiphakamisi ukukhathazeka ngezinombolo zayo. Indawo esihlala kuyo lesi silwane ibanzi; cishe kuwo wonke umzimba wamanzi iyinto yokuhweba ebalulekile. ERussia, i-pike isakazeke cishe yonke indawo. E-Urals, ingummeleli osabalele kakhulu wezilwane zasemanzini.
Ososayensi baye baqaphela ukuthi manje kune-pike encane kakhulu. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuthi maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kube nokubanjwa okukhulu kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu, okwaholela ekuguqulweni kwesakhiwo sabantu bepike. I-pike encane izama ukuzala isencane kakhulu, ngakho-ke inani lezinhlanzi ezincane landa ngokushesha, futhi enkulu iba yindlala.
I-pike ibaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo, ikhiqizwa ngokuziqhenya emachibini amaningi, lapho izizwa ikhululekile khona. Inyama yale nhlanzi ibhekwa njengokudla futhi ilusizo kakhulu. Kokubili ukudoba kwezemidlalo nokwamateur akukwazi ukucabanga ukuthi kungaba khona kwabo ngaphandle kwepike, okuyindebe ephawulekayo yabo bonke abadobi. Kuhle ukuthi le nhlanzi isakazekile futhi ubuningi bayo ngalesi sikhathi abufanekeli ukukhathazeka. Into esemqoka ukuqhubeka ngale ndlela.
Ekugcineni kufanelekile ukungeza lokho pike awusizo kuphela kumuntu oyisebenzisela imigomo yokupheka nanjengento yokudoba ezemidlalo, kepha futhi nasesigodini lapho kuhlala khona lesi silwane, kunenzuzo engangabazeki, udla izinhlanzi ezincane neziningi, ngaleyo ndlela uvikela isikhala samanzi esitokisini.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 20.04.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 19.09.2019 ngo-22: 03
