Imifula ibingcoliswe isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Futhi uma abantu bangaphambilini bengazange bayibone le nkinga, namuhla ifinyelele ezingeni lomhlaba. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ngabe isekhona yini imifula enamanzi ahlanzekile amaningi noma amancane emhlabeni, efanelekile ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuhlanzwa kokuqala.
Imithombo yokungcola komfula
Isizathu esikhulu sokungcola komfula ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwempilo yezenhlalo nezomnotho osebeni lwamanzi. Kwaqala ukwakhiwa ngonyaka we-1954 ukuthi amanzi angcolile aba yimbangela yezifo zabantu. Ngemuva kwalokho kwatholakala umthombo wamanzi amabi, owadala ubhadane lwekholera eLondon. Ngokuvamile, kunenqwaba yemithombo yokungcola. Ake sigxile kokubaluleke kakhulu kubo:
- amanzi angcolile asekhaya avela emadolobheni anabantu abaningi;
- i-agochemistry kanye ne-pesticides;
- izimpushana nemikhiqizo yokuhlanza;
- imfucuza yasekhaya nodoti;
- amanzi angcolile ezimboni;
- izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali;
- ukuvuza kwemikhiqizo kawoyela.
Imiphumela yokungcola komfula
Yonke le mithombo engenhla ishintsha kakhulu ukwakheka kwamanzi ngamakhemikhali, yehlisa inani le-oxygen. Ngokuya ngokungcola okuhlukahlukene, inani le-algae emifuleni liyakhula, okugcina kususa izilwane nezinhlanzi. Lokhu kubangela ushintsho endaweni yokuhlala yezinhlanzi nezinye izakhamuzi zemifula, kepha izinhlobo eziningi zimane zife.
Amanzi omfula angcolile akaphathwa kahle ngaphambi kokungena ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kwamanzi. Isetshenziselwa ukuphuza. Ngenxa yalokhu, amacala abantu ayanda ngoba baphuza amanzi angalashwa. Ukuphuza njalo amanzi angcolile kunomthelela ekuveleni kwezifo ezithathelwanayo nezihlala zikhona. Kwesinye isikhathi, abanye abantu kungenzeka bangazi ukuthi imbangela yezinkinga zempilo ngamanzi angcolile.
Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi emifuleni
Uma inkinga yokungcola komfula ishiywa njengoba injalo, khona-ke imizimba eminingi yamanzi ingayeka ukuzihlanza futhi ibe khona. Izinyathelo zokuhlanza kufanele zenziwe ezingeni likahulumeni emazweni amaningi, zifake izinhlelo zokuhlanza ezahlukahlukene, zenze izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuhlanzwa kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ungavikela impilo yakho nempilo yakho ngokuphuza amanzi ahlanzekile kuphela. Ngalokhu, abantu abaningi basebenzisa izihlungi zokuhlanza. Into esemqoka umuntu ngamunye wethu angayenza ukungalahli udoti emifuleni futhi sisize ekulondolozeni imvelo yamachibi, ukusebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza ezingaphansi kanye nempushana yokuwasha. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izikhungo zokuphila zaqala emachibini emifula, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukhuthaza ukuchuma kwalokhu kuphila ngayo yonke indlela.
