Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi igama lingahlangani nhlobo nokubukeka noma isimilo sesilwane. EMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia, emagumbini akude kakhulu e-spruce-fir taiga, kuhlala inyoni i-grouse, noma i-hazel grouse emnyama. Abazingeli bendawo bayibiza ngokuthi "i-hazel grouse" ethobekile ngoba le nyoni ayibesabi abantu futhi ihlala ikhona uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi.
Ingavumela umzingeli asondele kuye ngobude bengalo, abanye baze bakwazi ukuyiphulula. Ukubambeka kalula kwale nyoni akuhambisani neze negama layo, futhi kunzima ukuyichaza. Ngokusobala, iphutha lavela. Lapho kuhlala khona inyoni emangalisayo i-grouse, ukuthi ibukeka kanjani nokuthi wenzani, sizozama ukuthola.
Incazelo nezici
Noma ngubani owake wabona i-hazel grouse noma i-grouse emnyama angacabanga kalula nge-grouse yasendle. Uyi-hazel grouse, inkulu ngokuphindwe kasigamu nengxenye kuphela, futhi ngombala wayo omnyama ifana ne-capercaillie ethe xaxa. Kodwa-ke, lapho umazi ngokwengeziwe, kulapho uqonda ngokwengeziwe: umehluko phakathi kwale nyoni nezihlobo zayo ungaphezu kokufana. Kepha lokhu ikakhulukazi kuthinta indlela yokuphila komhlali waseMpumalanga Ekude.
Isisindo senyoni singaba kusuka ku-400 kuye ku-750 g, kanti umzimba ungaba ngamasentimitha angama-40-45.Umzimba unamavolumu, ikhanda lincane, intamo yinde futhi iminyene, uqhwaku lufushane futhi lubukhali. Umsila, osayizi osukela ku-10 kuye ku-13 cm, uphakanyiswa ngentshiseko phezulu futhi uphela kunxantathu obukhali. Kwabesilisa, imikhawulo yamaphiko inesimo esicijile esime okwembenge.
Ngaphandle, i-Grouse yaseSiberia ifana kakhulu ne-grouse yezinkuni
I-grouse yesilisa inombala onsundu onsundu, icishe ibe mnyama. Ukuhlakazeka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamachashazi amhlophe kubonakala ezansi komzimba nasemathonjeni ezinsiba zomsila. Ikhanda entanyeni nasentanyeni ngamalahle anomngcele onsundu onqenqemeni. Amashiya abomvu klebhu, ukhololo ophakanyisiwe kanye nezimpaphe ezintofontofo entanyeni kukhombisa ukuthi owesilisa uyathanda kakhulu ukuqoma. Iqhude likhombisa intombi yalo ngokuziqhenya ingubo yalo yomshado.
Owesifazane i-grouse esithombeni kubukeka kunesizotha kakhulu. Ugqoke izimpaphe ezithambile ezinemibala yegundane, ezindaweni ezimbozwe kancane ngombala ogqwalile. Kuliqiniso, iphethini evulekile yombala onsundu ibenza bahehe ngokwengeziwe. Azikho amashiya abomvu, alikho ikhanda elixikiwe. Isizotha nobuhle uqobo.
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo lweSiberia Grouse luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu, ezifana kakhulu ngombala, usayizi nendlela yokuphila: i-Asia Siberian Grouse (ejwayelekile), etholakala eRussia kuphela e-Far East, nezihlobo zayo ezimbili ezihlala ezwenikazi laseMelika - i-grouse yaseCanada nentaba.
- ECanada omele, njengoba kucacile, uhlala eNyakatho Melika. Usayizi wayo mncane kancane kunokujwayelekile - cishe u-35 cm ubude, isisindo sisuka ku-450 kuye ku-600 g. Inomsila nezimpiko ezinde, izimpaphe ze-apical ezingekho mhlophe, kepha nsundu.
Isisu sakhe nomzimba ongezansi nakho kuhlotshiswe ngemaki emhlophe ngasensimini yoshokholethi, noma kunjalo, abanaso isimo "esimise okwenhliziyo", njengegrouse yethu. Indawo emnyama esifubeni se-cockerels ihlukaniswe ngomugqa wesikhawu ungene ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingezansi. Futhi ukuma kwayo kwamaphiko akubukhali njengokwaseFar Eastern Siberian Grouse.
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zohlobo, iCanada yiyona etholakala kakhulu. Itholakala eCanada kusuka e-Atlantic Ocean kuya ePacific, lapho ikhula khona ama-conifers.
- Intaba grouse uhlala kuphela emahlathini e-coniferous ohlelo lwezintaba zaseKoridilyer. Ifana kakhulu neyaseCanada, ngisho nangesikhathi esisodwa kwakuthathwa njengama-subspecies ayo. Ihluke kuphela emininingwaneni yomdwebo nasezindizeni ezikhethekile ngesikhathi samanje.
Eyeduna indiza ibheke phezulu, ihlale egatsheni elikhulu, ithathe isikhundla sokukhwelana kuyo bese ihlala lapho isikhashana. Lapho indiza, ihlala phansi, isindiza cishe amamitha angama-20. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimpiko zenza ukushaya okukhulu kabili, kanye nokunye ngesikhathi sokufika. Bahlala isikhashana kunezinye izihlobo, cishe iminyaka eyi-12-13.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Inyoni yasendle iRussia kuphela, evamile ezweni lethu elikhulu. Le nyoni yaziwa kahle kubahlali besifunda sase-Amur kanye nogu loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, kufaka phakathi isiqhingi saseSakhalin. Ayinayo indawo eqhubekayo; ebalazweni, indawo yayo yokusatshalaliswa ibukeka njengezindawo ezihlukene ezisakazeke phakathi kwamahlathi aminyene e-spruce.
Izimo ezikahle kakhulu ze-grouse yizindawo ezikhule kakhulu zetaiga ezine-talus enamadwala. Ngenxa yokuba umlutha wezinsalela ezinamadwala namatshe, le nyoni ibizwa nangokuthi itshe le-hazel grouse.
Le nyoni ithambekele ekubeni nesizungu, ihamba kancane, icishe ithule. Ubona ukusindiswa kwakhe ngokwazi ukucasha, hhayi ukubaleka. Uzama ukucasha ukuze kungaboni muntu noma ezwe. Ijwayele indawo eyodwa. Isikhathi esiningi usichitha esihlahleni, ehlela emhlabathini kuphela kusihlwa ukuze acashe ebusuku.
I-Grouse ikhetha ukuchitha isikhathi emahlathini aminyene
Zihamba kancane, ikakhulukazi ngezinyawo, zizama ukungandizeli phezulu, noma ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Zingahlala zinganyakazi isikhathi eside, zindize ngokungavamile futhi ebangeni elifushane - kuze kufike ku-20-30 m. UDikusha endizeni kuzwakala impempe yesici samaphiko esihambisana nayo.
Eduze nobusika, izinyoni zithutheleka emihlambini yamakhanda ayi-15-20. Mhlawumbe ukuzizwa ngokufana emkhuhlane obabayo. Kodwa-ke, noma kunjalo bazama ukungakhulumisani futhi bangadli ndawonye.
Esinye isici sale nyoni ukuthi ebusika igcina ngokuqiniseka amahlathi e-coniferous kuphela, futhi ehlobo kungabonakala kaningi ezihlahleni ze-larch. Ebusika, benza amakamelo amancane eqhweni, abacasha kulo ebusuku. Kaningi, ukutholakala kokumnika kuvela ukuthi kuyabulala kubo. Azikwazi ukudabula uqweqwe lweqhwa zizifihle eqhweni elicwazimulayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho izinyoni ziba yiqhwa noma ziwele emazinyweni ezilwane. Kusukela ekumbeni njalo iqhwa ngasekupheleni kobusika, izimpaphe ezisemaphikweni azo ziyasulwa. Angithi ekuqaleni le nyoni imba iqhwa ngezinyawo zayo, bese ingena ijule emgodini, iyidudule ngezimpiko zayo. Uma ubusika bufudumele, i-grouse yaseSiberia ayigqobhozi eqhweni ukuze izimpaphe zingabi manzi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Inyoni edla yodwa ihlala idla ngokwehlukana. Ebusika, udla kuphela izinaliti zezihlahla zikaKhisimusi nama-firs, azigunde emagatsheni ngomlomo wakhe. Kunokudla okuningi, izinyoni azidingi ukuhambisa okuningi ukuyifuna. Bahlala emagatsheni bese badla izinaliti kancane kancane. Isi-spruce sidla cishe i-150 g yokudla okune-vithamini enenhlaka ngosuku.
Ikhefu lokudla alihlali isikhathi eside, cishe isigamu sehora lokulala kancane. Futhi ntambama, indiza isuke esihlahleni, izifihle eqhweni noma emaceleni aminyene awile kuze kuse. Ekuseni, ubuye athathe ukuzijabulisa kwakhe okuthandayo - ukumuncwa kwezinaliti. Ehlobo, imenyu yakhe ihluka kakhulu. Kubandakanya amajikijolo, imbewu evela kuma-moss bolls, amaqabunga ezihlahlana, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nezinambuzane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinkukhu ziyakwazi ukuzala kakade ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Abesilisa bavuthwa kuphela lapho beneminyaka emithathu. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, okunguMeyi, imvamisa abesifazane be-taiga abathule bajabula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, abanayo imbangi yamaqhude atholakala kuwo wonke ama-hazel grouse.
Esithombeni, ama-grouse amaphuphu
Umkhwenyana ukhetha indawo evulekile yokuhlangana, uhlale phansi kuyo bese ethatha izikhundla zomshado. Uwubheka ngokuphelele wonke umkhuba, kufaka phakathi ukweqa phezulu, ukuhewula okuncane okufana nomsindo womoya epayipini, ukushaya amaphiko akhe, nokushaya izidladla zakhe. UCockerel ukhuthaza intombi yakhe ukuthi ibone ukuthi uhlakaniphe kangakanani, ushesha kangakanani futhi uhlakaniphile kangakanani.
Kepha i-grouse yesifazane yaseSiberia inomoya, njengezinkukhu eziningi. Azinawo ngazimbili unomphela. Ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva komshado nomkhwenyana oyedwa, angahle anikeze omunye uma eqhosha endaweni ethile eseduze. Futhi owesilisa ovuzayo angazikhethela noma yimuphi owesifazane.
Esidlekeni kunamaqanda ayi-7-12 omthunzi onsundu ngokuluhlaza anezinkomba. Usayizi wesende ngalinye ulinganiselwa ku-48x32 mm. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kuhlala endaweni eyimfihlo, emahlathini aminyene. Owesifazane uhlala kuwo ngokuqinile futhi anganyakazi, egcina umgomo wakhe oyinhloko wokuphila - ukuhlala engaziwa. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-23-26. Isidleke uqobo lwaso sivame ukutholakala ngqo ekucindezelekeni phansi, okwenziwe ngamahlumela amancane, izinaliti ezindala nezimpaphe.
Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, kome kancane, amachwane e-grouse abukeka njengamabhola amancane, uhlangothi lwawo luphuzi ngokukhanyayo nolunye olunsundu. Ngosuku lwesibili bagijima ngokushesha, kuthi ngosuku lwesine bahambe emagatsheni.
Indoda ayibambi iqhaza ekuchamuseleni noma ekukhuliseni izingane. Umsebenzi wawo kuphela ukuba seduze futhi uxwayise ngengozi ngesikhathi. Ikakhulukazi lapho umama nezingane zakhe eqala ukuzungeza itulo lasekhaya elincane.
Amaphuphu anamahloni ekuqaleni, kodwa lapho ekhula, azuza ukungabi nandaba “nokuphathelene” nakho konke okwenzekayo okuwazungezile. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila, njengama-hazel grouse amaningi, cishe siyiminyaka eyi-8-10. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abantu abaphila kuze kube yile minyaka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezidliwayo nezifo.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
Kwenziwa imizamo yokuzalela izinyoni ekuthunjweni. E-Zoo yaseMoscow, izwe elikhethekile "isibhedlela sokubeletha" lenzelwa izivakashi ezinjalo ezingavamile, cishe njengomuzi uqobo. Lapho, kukodwa, ezimweni ezisondele endle, izinyoni nezilwane zingazala.
Kukhona nendawo yamabhangqa amaningana amaFar Easterners. Ngaphezu kweyodwa yaseMoscow, amanye ama-zoo kanye nezinqolobane ahlanganyela ekuzaleni izinyoni ezingavamile - iSikhote-Alinsky, Komsomolsky, Zeisky, Bureinsky, Dzhungursky, Paranaysky, kanye neTundrovy neSeverny eSakhalin Island.
Isibonelo, e-Novosibirsk Zoo, lo msebenzi wenziwa kusukela ngo-1986, futhi izinkukhu eziningi ziye zafuywa. Ngo-2008, lesi simo savumela abantu abangaba yikhulu ukuthi badedelwe baye endle njengesilingo. Lokhu kwaholela ekuveleni kwesibalo esincane esifundeni saseNovosibirsk.
Ukunganyakazi kwenyoni nohlobo lokungasabi kwenza kube okuthandekayo njengomhlali wokuhlobisa namanye ama-zoo angasese. Uhlangana kalula nezinye izakhamuzi zezinyoni zezindiza. Isimo esiyinhloko okumele kuhlangatshezwane naso wukwakha indawo eyimfihlo lapho angacasha khona.
Ngokufanelekile, udinga ukuqala le nyoni ngababili, futhi okungcono esizeni esisehlathini le-coniferous. Ngemuva kwalokho bangadala izimo ezifana nokujwayelekile. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuphazamisa impilo yomhlali we-taiga, into esemqoka lapha ukubuka nokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwama-parasites kanye nempilo. Ukudla kwabo kulula, kufanele kungezwe amanzi lapho kudingeka. Uma indawo ebiyelwe ivulekile ngokwanele futhi kukhula izihlahla lapho, izinyoni zizozinakekela.
Izitha zemvelo
Icebo lokuthi "ucashe, ungabonakali" liphendukele iSiberia Grouse. Unezitha eziningi emvelweni, kepha u-sable nendoda baye baba yingozi kuye. Kunzima ukuthi isilo sinqande ukulandela i-hazel grouse ethobekile. Kodwa umthetho uyenqabela ukuthi umuntu amzingele. Kodwa-ke, ungalandelela kanjani abantu abangenazo izinhliziyo ku-taiga yasendle?
Isitha esiyinhloko se-grouse singabhekwa njengomuntu
Futhi kwenzeka ukuthi inyoni ekhohliseka kalula yayiseduze kokubhujiswa okuphelele, futhi okwamanje Grouse eNcwadini Ebomvu I-Russia ithole imvume yokuhlala unomphela. Ngaphezu kwabazingeli abangekho emthethweni, le nombolo ithonywe kakhulu yimililo nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Kuvela ukuthi kuphela eziqiwini lapho izinyoni ezingavamile zingaphepha ngokuqhathaniswa.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Abazingeli bendawo yaseMpumalanga Ekude bazama ukungayibulali le nyoni, njengoba behlangane nayo ekuqaleni kokuzingela. Lokhu akuveli esimweni esihle somzwelo ngenyoni uqobo lwayo, kodwa ngenxa yokunakekela isihambi esilandelayo, esingaba buthakathaka kakhulu futhi silambe. Indawo enjalo izosiza umuntu okhathele, iyisisulu esilula. Akumangalisi ukuthi le nyoni ibizwa nangokuthi "ibhulakufesi lomzingeli".
- Bazingela i-grouse yaseSiberia ikakhulukazi ngenxa yendebe, ngoba inyama yayo ibaba ngokusobala. Phela udla izinaliti zikaphayini impilo yakhe yonke.
- Phezu kokutholakala kwale nyoni, akulula kangako ukuhlangana nayo. Ungayibona futhi uyisondele kuphela ngokuzithela ehlathini ngephutha. Ukusesha okukhethekile ngeke kuholele kunoma yini - uyakwazi impela ukuzifihla.
