Ukuntywila okunekhanda elibomvu (i-Aythya ferina) kungokomndeni wedada, i-anseriformes oda. Amagama eziteketiso endawo "krasnobash", "sivash" akhombisa izici zombala wezimpaphe zedada elinekhanda elibomvu.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zokudilika ekhanda elibomvu.
Ukuntywila okunekhanda elibomvu kusayizi womzimba cishe wama-58 cm, izimpiko ezinesikhala esingu-72 kuya ku-83 cm.Isisindo: kusuka ku-700 kuye ku-1100 g. Lolu hlobo lwamadada luncane kancane kune-mallard, enomsila omfishane, onomhlane obheke phezulu lapho ubhukuda. Umzimba uminyene ngentamo emfushane. Izitho zibekwe emuva kakhulu, yingakho ukuma kwenyoni emile kuthambekele kakhulu. Umthethosivivinywa unesipikili esincane futhi ucishe ulingane nobude bekhanda; unweba kancane phezulu. Umsila unezimpaphe zemisila eziyi-14. Amahlombe aneziqongo eziyindilinga. Intamo noqhwaku, oluhlangana kahle ebunzini, lwakha iphrofayili ejwayelekile yaleli dada. Zonke izimpaphe zomzimba namaphiko zihlukaniswa ngamaphethini aluhlaza.
Eyeduna enezimpaphe zokuzalela inekhanda elibomvu ngokunsundu. Umthethosivivinywa umnyama ngomugqa ompunga okhanyayo okukude. Iris ibomvu. Umhlane oseduze nomsila umnyama; upaertail kanye ne-undertail kumnyama. Umsila umnyama, ucwebezele. Izinhlangothi nangemuva kukhanya, umlotha ompunga, ongabonakala ucishe ube mhlophe emini. Uqhwaku luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-paaw ampunga. Ekundizeni, izimpaphe zempiko ezimpunga namaphaneli akhanyayo ampunga emaphikweni anika le nyoni "ukufiphala", ukubukeka okukhanyayo. Insikazi inezimpaphe ezinsundu ngokumpunga ezinhlangothini nasemuva. Ikhanda linsundu ngokuphuzi. Isifuba simpunga. Umqhele nentamo zinombala onsundu onsundu. Isisu asimhlophe qwa. Uqhwaku aluhlaza sasibhakabhaka. Umbala wezidladla uyafana nowesilisa. Iris ibomvu ngokunsundu. Zonke izinsizwa zibukeka njengowesifazane omdala, kepha imibala yazo iba iyunifomu ethe xaxa, futhi umugqa ophaphathekile ngemuva kwamehlo awukho. Iris iphuzi.
Lalela izwi le-dive elinekhanda elibomvu.
Izindawo zokuhlala zedada elinekhanda elibomvu.
Ama-diving anekhanda elibomvu ahlala emachibini anamanzi ajulile ezindaweni zokuhlala ezivulekile ezinamahlathi omhlanga nasezindaweni ezivulekile. Imvamisa itholakala ezindaweni eziphansi, kepha eTibet zikhuphukela endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2600. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, zimisa lapho kufinyelela khona echibini nasolwandle. Ziphila ngokudla amadamu anezitshalo eziningi zasemanzini. Amachibi ama-Brackish anokudla okungafanele ayagwenywa. Abatshuzi abanamakhanda abomvu bahlala emaxhaphozini, imifula enomsinga ozolile, imigodi yamatshe endala enamabhange ahlanganiswe umhlanga. Bavakashela amadamu okufakelwa futhi, ikakhulukazi, amadamu.
Idada elibomvu lisakazeka.
Ukuntywila ngamakhanda abomvu kwasakazeka e-Eurasia kuya eLake Baikal. Ububanzi buhlanganisa iMpumalanga, iNtshonalanga kanye neYurophu Ephakathi. Izinyoni zitholakala ikakhulu ezifundazweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yeRussia, e-Asia Ephakathi, esifundeni iLower Volga nasolwandle iCaspian. Bahlala emachibini aseNyakatho Caucasus, eKrasnodar Territory, eTranscaucasus. Lapho zindiza, ziyama eSiberia, izindawo ezisentshonalanga neziphakathi nengxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Abatshuzi abanamakhanda abomvu bachitha ubusika ezindaweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yeRussian Federation, ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika naseMpumalanga Asia.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-dive enamakhanda abomvu.
I-Red-headed diving - izinyoni ezifunda isikole, zichitha unyaka wonke ngamaqembu. Izingxube ezinkulu zezinyoni ezifika ku-500 zivame ukwakhiwa ebusika.
Amaqembu amakhulu ezinyoni ezingama-3000 ayabonwa ngesikhathi se-molt.
Ama-redheads atholakala kaningi emihlambini exubekile namanye amadada. Abajahile kakhulu ukukhuphukela emoyeni uma kunengozi, kepha bakhetha ukumane bangene emanzini ukuze bacashe ekuphishekeleni. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ukuze zikhuphuke ebusweni bamanzi, izinyoni zidinga ukuphuma ngamandla nangokusebenza ngamandla ngamaphiko azo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sebephumile echibini, abatshuzi abanamakhanda abomvu basuswa ngokushesha emzileni oqondile, benza umsindo obukhali ezimpikweni zabo. Zibhukuda futhi zitshuza kahle kakhulu. Ukuhlala emanzini amadada kujule kangangokuba umsila ucishe uhhafu wobude unyamalale emanzini. Emhlabathini, abatshuzi abanamakhanda abomvu bahamba kabi, baphakamisela isifuba sabo phezulu. Izwi lezinyoni liyahoshozela futhi liyabhonga. Ngesikhathi se-molt, abatshuzi abanamakhanda abomvu balahlekelwa izimpaphe zabo eziyinhloko futhi abakwazi ukundiza, ngakho-ke balinda isikhathi esingesihle kanye namanye ama-dives ezindaweni ezikude.
Ukukhiqizwa kwedada elinekhanda elibomvu.
Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni futhi kwesinye isikhathi kamuva ezindaweni zokusabalalisa ezisenyakatho. Abatshuzi abanamakhanda abomvu bakha ngababili emhlambini ofudukayo futhi bakhombisa imidlalo yokukhwelana ebonwa nasezindaweni zokwakha izidleke. Owesifazane oyedwa entanta emanzini uzungezwe abesilisa abaningana. Ihamba isiyingi, ibeka uqhwaku lwayo emanzini, bese ikhukhumala kakhulu. Abesilisa baphonsa ikhanda emuva cishe emuva, bese bevula uqhwaku lwabo oluphakanyiswe ngenhla. Ngasikhathi sinye, intamo iyavuvuka. Ngemuva kwalokho ikhanda libuyela emuva ngokungazelelwe ngokuhambisana nentamo enwetshiwe.
Imidlalo yokukhweshisa ihambisana namakhwela aphansi nemisindo ehahayo.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, iduna lihlala liseduze nesidleke, kepha alinandaba nenzalo. Isidleke sisezimila ezisogwini, imvamisa emifuleni emikhulu, emishayweni noma phakathi kwamahlathi asogwini, kufakwe udada phansi. Imvamisa lokhu kuyimbobo ejwayelekile emhlabathini, ebiyelwe yiqoqo lezitshalo. Isidleke sinobubanzi obungajulile obungamasentimitha angama-20 - 40. Ezinye izidleke zakhiwe zajula zaze zafika ku-36 cm, zibukeka njengezakhiwo ezintantayo futhi zigcina kuma-rhizomes angaphansi kwamanzi omhlanga. Kwesinye isikhathi amaqanda okuqala abekwa yidada kushileyi elimanzi noma emanzini. Umhlanga, i-sedge, okusanhlamvu kuyasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha, khona-ke ungqimba lomkhuhlane omnyama ozungeze ukwakhiwa okuvela ezinhlangothini. Ngesikhathi sokungabikho kowesifazane, i-fluff nayo ibekwa phezulu.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda amahlanu kuya kwayi-12. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-27 noma ezingama-28. Amadada ahlala nowesifazane amasonto ayi-8.
Ukondla idada elibomvu.
Ama-diving anekhanda elibomvu adla ukudla okuhlukahlukene, adla cishe yonke into ehlangana emanzini. Kodwa-ke, bakhetha ikakhulukazi i-charov algae, imbewu, izimpande, amaqabunga kanye namaqabunga ezitshalo zasemanzini ezifana neduckweed, pondweed, elodea. Ngesikhathi sokuntywila, amadada abamba futhi ama-mollusk, ama-crustaceans, izibungu, izingwe, amabhungane, izibungu ze-caddis kanye ne-chiromonids. Amadada athola ukudla kwawo ikakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ukuntywila okunamakhanda abomvu kuyanyamalala ngaphansi kwamanzi ngemuva kokucindezelwa okuncane futhi kungaveli imizuzwana eyi-13 - 16. Zincamela ukudla emanzini acwebile phakathi kwamamitha ayi-1 kuya kwayi-3.50, kepha zingamane zitshaye emanzini angajulile.
Ngo-Agasti, amadada akhulayo adla izibungu ezinkulu ze-chironomid. Ekwindla, emizimbeni yamanzi enomunyu, abatshuzi abanamakhanda abomvu baqoqa amahlumela amancane e-salicornia kanye ne-quinoa ehlaselwe.
