Amakamela (Camelus) uhlobo lohlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo zomndeni we-camelid (Camelidae) kanye ne-suborder of calluses (Camelidae). Abamele abakhulu be-artiodactyl oda (i-Artiodactyla) bajwayelene kahle nempilo ezifundeni ezomile, kufaka phakathi izingwadule, ama-semi-desert kanye nama-steppes.
Incazelo yekamela
Ubunzima bekamela elidala elijwayelekile buhluka phakathi kwama-500-800 kg, ngobude obubunile abukho ngaphezu kuka-200-210 cm... Amakamela anomswakama owodwa anombala ompunga ngokubomvu, kanti amakamela anomswakama amabili abonakala ngombala onsundu onsundu.
Ukubukeka
Amakamela anoboya obugobile, intamo ende futhi efinyile, nezindlebe ezincane, eziyindilinga. Abamele umndeni we-camelid kanye ne-suborder of calluses babonakala ngokuba khona kwamazinyo angama-38, okuyishumi kuwo amelwe ama-molars, ama-canines amabili, ama-molars ayishumi, ama-molars amabili, ama-canine nama-molars ayishumi nambili.
Ngenxa yezinkophe ezinde nezishubile, amehlo amakhulu ekamela avikelwe ngokuthembekile ekungeneni kwesihlabathi nothuli, namakhala emakhaleni, uma kunesidingo, akwazi ukuvala ngokuqinile. Umbono wekamela muhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke isilwane sikwazi ukubona umuntu ohambayo ebangeni lekhilomitha, nemoto ngisho ebangeni lamakhilomitha amahlanu. Isilwane esikhulu sasogwadule sinuka kahle amanzi nezitshalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ikamela liyakwazi ukuhogela insimu yamadlelo amasha noma ukutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile ngisho noma kungamakhilomitha angamashumi ayisihlanu, futhi lapho libona ukuduma kwezulu esibhakabhakeni, isilwane sasogwadule siya ngakubo, ngethemba lokufika endaweni enezimvula ezinamandla.
Isilwane esincelisayo sivumelane kahle nempilo ezindaweni ezinzima nezingenamanzi, futhi sinezikhala ezikhethekile zepectoral, isihlakala, indololwane kanye namadolo, okuvame ukuthintana nenhlabathi efuthele ku-70 ° C. Uboya obugqinsi ngokwanele besilwane kuhloselwe ukusivikela elangeni elishisayo nasemakhazeni asebusuku. Iminwe exhunywe komunye nomunye yakha i-sole ejwayelekile. Izinyawo zamakamela ezibanzi nezineminwe emibili zikulungele kahle ukuhamba phezu kwamatshe amancane nesihlabathi esivulekile.
Ikamela alikwazi ukulahlekelwa inani elibalulekile loketshezi kanye nendle yemvelo. Umswakama, ophuma emakhaleni ngesikhathi sokuphefumula, uqoqwa kalula ngaphakathi kwesibaya esikhethekile, ngemuva kwalokho ungene emgodini womlomo wesilwane. Amakamela akwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kulahleka cishe isisindo somzimba esingu-40%.
Enye yezinto ezikhethekile ezijwayele ukwenziwa ngamakamela impilo yasogwadule ukuba khona kwama-humps, okungamafutha amakhulu futhi asebenza njengohlobo "lwophahla" oluvikela umqolo wesilwane emisebeni yelanga elishisayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamafutha omzimba anjalo endaweni engemuva kunomthelela ekuphumeni okuhle kokushisa. Amakamela angababhukudi abahle kakhulu, futhi lapho zihamba emanzini, lezi zilwane zivamise ukutshekisa umzimba wazo eceleni.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Endle, ikamela livame ukuhlala phansi, kodwa isilwane esinjalo sihlala sihamba ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zasogwadule, kanye namathafa anamadwala noma amagquma amakhulu, sizama ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinkulu, esezivele zimakiwe. Noma iyiphi i-haptagai ikhetha ukuhamba phakathi kwemithombo yamanzi engajwayelekile, ebavumela ukuthi bagcwalise amanzi abo abalulekile.
Njengomthetho, amakamela agcina imihlambi emincane yabantu abahlanu kuya kwabangamashumi amabili. Umholi womhlambi onjalo uyiduna eliyinhloko. Izilwane ezinjalo zasogwadule zikhombisa ukusebenza ikakhulu emini, kuthi lapho kuqala ubumnyama, amakamela alale noma aziphathe kabi kancane futhi ngokunganaki. Ngezikhathi zeziphepho, amakamela angalala amanga izinsuku, kuthi ngezinsuku ezishisayo zihambisane nemisinga yomoya, enikela ekufudumaleni ngempumelelo, noma zicashe ezihlahleni nasemhosheni. Abantu basendle banamahloni futhi banolaka ngandlela thile kubantu abangabazi, kufaka phakathi abantu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kungumkhuba owaziwayo ukuthi ukwenziwa kwamahhashi ebusika kwenziwa kanjani, kushaywa kalula isembozo seqhwa ngezinselo zawo, kuthi ngemuva kwalokho amakamela afakwe endaweni enjalo, acoshe izinsalela zokudla.
Lapho kuvela izimpawu zobungozi, amakamela abaleka, akhula kalula isivinini esifinyelela ku-50-60 km / h. Izilwane ezindala ziyakwazi ukugijima izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu, zize zikhathale ngokuphelele. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhuthazela kwemvelo nosayizi omkhulu kaningi akunakusindisa isilwane sogwadule ekufeni, ngenxa yokuthuthuka okuncane kwengqondo.
Indlela yokuphila yabantu abafuywayo ingaphansi kwabantu ngokuphelele, futhi izilwane zasendle zijwayela ukuhola indlela yokuphila yokhokho babo. Abesilisa abadala futhi abavuthiwe ngokuphelele bayakwazi ukuhlala bodwa. Ukuqala kwesikhathi sasebusika kuyisivivinyo esinzima samakamela, okuthola kunzima kakhulu ukuhambisa ikhava yeqhwa. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukungabikho kwezinselo zeqiniso ezilwaneni ezinjalo kwenza kube nzima ukumba ukudla ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Mangaki amakamela ahlala khona
Ezimweni ezikahle, amakamela angaphila cishe iminyaka engamashumi amane, kepha impilo eqinile enjalo isesici esifanelwe kakhulu sezinhlobo ezifuywe ngokuphelele. Phakathi kwe-haptagai yasendle, kutholakala abantu abakhulu kakhulu, abaneminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
Izinhlobo zamakamela
Uhlobo lwamakamela lumelwe yizinhlobo ezimbili:
- omunye aqhutshwa;
- humped ezimbili.
Amakamela anomuntu oyedwa (i-dromedary, i-dromedary, i-arabian) - I-Camelus dromedarius, isaphila kuze kube yilolu suku kuphela ngendlela efuywayo, futhi ingamelwa ngabantu abangabesibili. I-Dromedary ngokuhumusha isuka esiGrekini isho "ukugijima", futhi "ama-Arabian" izilwane ezinjalo ziqanjwa ngezakhamizi zase-Arabia ezizithambisile.
Ama-dromedaries, kanye namaBactrian, anemilenze emide futhi ebabazekayo, kepha ngokwakha okuncane.... Uma kuqhathaniswa nekamela elinomswakama emibili, ikamela elinomswakama omncane lincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala abudluli kumamitha ayi-2.3-3.4, ukuphakama kubuna ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-1.8-2.1. 300-700 kg.
Ama-Dromedars anekhanda elinamathambo wobuso ahlangane, ibunzi elihlanganisiwe, nephrofayili eline-humpbacked. Izindebe zesilwane, uma ziqhathaniswa namahhashi noma izinkomo, azicindezeli nakancane. Izihlathi ziyakhuliswa, futhi udebe olungezansi luhlala luhle kakhulu. Intamo yamakamela aswakanye ahlukaniswa yimisipha ekhule kahle.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umhlwenga omncane ukhula onqenqemeni lonke olungaphezulu lomgogodla wesibeletho, kuthi engxenyeni engezansi kunentshebe emfushane efinyelela maphakathi nentamo. Ezingxenyeni zangaphambili, onqenqemeni abekho nhlobo. Endaweni yamahlombe kukhona umphetho obukeka njengama "epaulets" futhi umelwe yizinwele ezinde ezisontekile.
Futhi, amakamela acijile munye ahlukile kozakwabo abane-humped yokuthi kunzima kakhulu ukubekezelela ngisho neqhwa elincane. Kodwa-ke, ijazi lama-dromedaries liminyene impela, kepha alikho kakhulu futhi lifushane kakhulu. Uboya bekamela elilodwa elishubile alwenzelwe ukufudumala futhi lusiza kuphela ukuvimbela ukulahleka oketshezi okweqile.
Ngobusuku obubandayo, izinga lokushisa lomzimba lamakamela aswidi elilodwa lehla kakhulu, futhi ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga lesi silwane sifudumala kancane kakhulu. Izinwele ezinde kakhulu zimboza intamo, emuva nenhloko yekamela elinomswakama owodwa. Ama-dromedaries anesihlabathi esiningi kakhulu, kepha kukhona abamele izinhlobo ezinoboya obumnyama nsundu, obubomvu-mpunga noma obumhlophe.
Amakamela amaBactrian, noma amaBactrian (uCamelus bactrianus) angabamele abakhulu bohlobo, okuyizilwane ezifuywayo ezibaluleke kakhulu enanini elikhulu labantu base-Asia. Amakamela eBactrian abizwa ngegama lawo iBactria. Le ndawo esenkabeni ye-Asia Ephakathi yaduma ngokufuya ikamela le-bactrian. Futhi, njengamanje, kunenani elincane labamele amakamela ashubile amabili, abizwa nge-haptagai. Amakhulu amaningana alaba bantu namuhla bahlala eChina naseMongolia, lapho bethanda khona izindawo zemvelo ezingafinyeleleki kakhulu.
Amakamela amaBactrian ayizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu, ezinkulu futhi ezisindayo. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba womuntu omdala walolu hlobo sifinyelela ku-2.5-3.5 m, nokuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.8-2.2. Ukuphakama kwesilwane, kanye nama-humps, kungahle kufike ku-2.6-2.7 m. Ubude bengxenye yomsila buyehluka kakhulu phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-50-58. Njengomthetho, isisindo sekamela le-bactrian elivuthiwe ngokobulili sisuka ku-440-450 kuye ku-650-700 kg. Ikamela lesilisa elondleke kahle lohlobo lweKalmyk olubaluleke kakhulu futhi oludumile ngesikhathi sasehlobo lingaba nesisindo esisuka ku-780-800 kg kuya kwethani, kanti isisindo sowesifazane ngokuvamile sisuka ku-650-800 kg.
Amakamela amaBactrian anomzimba ominyene nezitho ezinde.... AmaBactrian ahlukaniswa ngokuphawulekayo nentamo ende futhi egobile, eqala ukwehla ukwehla, bese iphakama futhi. Ngenxa yalesi sici sokwakheka kwentamo, ikhanda lesilwane limiswe ngokuhambisana nesifunda sehlombe. Ama-humps kubo bonke abamele lezi zinhlobo ahlukanisiwe ngebanga elingu-20-40 cm.Isikhala esiphakathi kwabo sibizwa ngokuthi isihlalo, futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlala abantu.
Ibanga elijwayelekile ukusuka esihlalweni sezintaba kuya ebusweni bomhlaba, njengokujwayelekile, lingaba ngamasentimitha ayi-170. Ukuze umuntu akwazi ukugibela ngemuva kwekamela elinomswakama omabili, lesi silwane siguqa noma silele phansi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo etholakala ekamelweni eliphakathi kwama-humps amabili ayigcwaliswanga ngamadiphozi amanoni ngisho nakubantu abavuthiwe nabondlekile kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amakamela amaBactrian anombala wejazi elikhanyayo angabantu abangavamile, inani lawo elingadluli amaphesenti angu-2.8 wabantu bonke.
Izinkomba eziyinhloko zokukhuluphala nempilo yekamela le-bactrian zimelwe ukunwebeka, ngisho nama-humps amile. Izilwane ezinomzimba omncane zine-humps, ewela eceleni noma ngokuphelele ohlangothini, ngakho-ke zilenga kakhulu lapho zihamba. Amakamela amadala amaBactrian ahlukaniswa ngejazi elijiyile futhi eliminyene ngokweqile elinengubo yangaphansi eyenziwe kahle kakhulu, elungele ukuba khona kwesilwane ezimweni zezulu ezikhuni kakhulu, ezinamazinga okushisa ashisayo nobusika obubandayo, obuneqhwa.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezindaweni zokuhlala ebusika kuma-biotopes ezijwayelekile ezilwane i-thermometer ivame ukwehla ngisho nangaphansi kuka-40 degrees, kepha ikamela le-bactrian liyakwazi ukubekezelela ngokungenabuhlungu futhi kalula amakhaza anjalo ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile soboya baso. Izinwele zejazi zinemigodi yangaphakathi, eyehlisa kakhulu ukuqhutshwa kokushisa koboya. Izinwele ezinhle zangaphansi zikulungele ukugcinwa komoya.
Ubude bezinwele obumaphakathi bamaBactrian bungu-50-70 mm, kanti engxenyeni engezansi yesifunda somlomo wesibeletho naseziqongweni ze-humps kunezinwele, ubude bazo obuvame ukudlula ikota yemitha. Ijazi elide kakhulu likhula kubamele bezinhlobo ekwindla, ngakho-ke ebusika izilwane ezinjalo zibukeka zishisa kakhulu. Ngentwasahlobo, amakamela e-bactrian aqala ukuncibilika, futhi ijazi liwela ngaphandle. Ngalesi sikhathi, isilwane sinokubukeka okungahlanzekile, okungahlanzekile futhi okungajwayelekile.
Umbala ojwayelekile onesihlabathi onobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngamandla ujwayelekile kwikamela le-bactrian. Abanye abantu bamnyama kakhulu noma bakhanya ngokuphelele, kwesinye isikhathi babomvu ngombala.
Indawo yokuhlala
Amakamela azo zombili lezi zinhlobo asakazeke kuphela ezindaweni eziwugwadule, nasemathafeni awomile. Izilwane ezinkulu kangako azivumelani nezimo zezulu ezinomswakama kakhulu noma zihlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba. Izinhlobo zamakamela asekhaya seziyinsakavukela ezifundeni eziningi zase-Asia nase-Afrika.
Ama-dromedaries avame ukutholakala enyakatho ye-Afrika, kuze kufike ezingeni elilodwa eningizimu latitude, kanye nasenhlonhlweni ye-Arabia nasenkabeni ye-Asia. Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, izilwane ezinjalo zaziswa e-Australia, lapho zazikwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo zezulu ezingavamile. Namuhla, inani eliphelele lezilwane ezinjalo e-Australia lingabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisihlanu.
Kuyathakazelisa!AmaBactrian asakazeke ngokwanele ezifundeni ezigijima zisuka e-Asia Minor ziye eManchuria. Njengamanje, kunamakamela ayizigidi eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye emhlabeni, futhi cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyishumi nane bahlala e-Afrika.
ISomalia namuhla inamakamela angaba yizigidi eziyisikhombisa, kanti naseSudan - amakamela angaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu... Ama-dromedaries asendle kukholakala ukuthi afa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yethu. Umuzi wabo wobukhokho wawumelwe yingxenye eseningizimu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia, kepha okwamanje akukatholakali ngokuphelele ukuthi okhokho bakhe babengamadomoni endawo yasendle noma babengukhokho ofanayo noBactrian. N. M.
U-Przhevalsky ohambweni lwakhe lwase-Asia waba ngowokuqala ukuthola ukuthi kukhona amakamela asendle ama-bactrian, i-Haptagai. Ukuba khona kwabo ngaleso sikhathi kwakucatshangwa, kepha akuqinisekiswanga, ngakho-ke kwaphikiswa.
Abantu baseBactria basendle namuhla bakhona kuphela esifundeni esizimele saseXinjiang Uygur naseMongolia. Ukuba khona kwabantu abathathu abahlukene kuphela kwaphawulwa lapho, futhi inani eliphelele lezilwane kuzo njengamanje cishe lingabantu abayinkulungwane. Izingqinamba ezihlobene nokujwayela ukwenziwa kwamakamela ama-bactrian asendle ezimeni zeYakutsk Pleistocene park zone manje sezicatshangelwa.
Ukudla kwekamela
Amakamela angabamele abajwayelekile bezilwane ezi ruminants. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zisebenzisa i-solyanka nomhlonyane njengokudla, kanye nameva ekamela ne-saxaul. Amakamela ayakwazi ukuphuza ngisho namanzi anosawoti, futhi lonke uketshezi olusemzimbeni wezilwane ezinjalo lugcinwa ngaphakathi kwengqamuzana lesisu sesisu. Bonke abamele izingcingo ezingaphansi kwe-suborder babekezelela ukuphelelwa amandla emzimbeni futhi kalula. Umthombo oyinhloko wamanzi wekamela amafutha. Inqubo ye-oxidation yamafutha ayikhulu ikuvumela ukuthi uthole cishe u-107 g wamanzi nesikhutha.
Kuyathakazelisa!Amakamela asendle ayizilwane eziqaphe kakhulu futhi ezingathembi, ngakho-ke zikhetha ukufa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi noma ukudla, kodwa angalokothi asondele kakhulu kubantu.
Ngisho nasezimeni zokungabikho kwamanzi isikhathi eside, igazi lamakamela alikhuli nakancane. Izilwane ezinjalo, ezingaphansi kwe-suborder callus, zingaphila cishe amasonto amabili ngaphandle kwamanzi nhlobo futhi cishe inyanga eyodwa ngaphandle kokudla. Ngisho naphezu kokukhuthazela okumangalisa kangaka, kulezi zinsuku, amakamela asendle ahlupheka kaningi kunezinye izilwane ekwehlisweni okuphawulekayo kwenani lezindawo zokunisela. Lesi simo sichazwa ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwezindawo eziwugwadule ngabantu abanamachibi emvelo amasha.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Iminyaka yokuzala yamakamela iqala cishe eminyakeni emithathu. Ukukhulelwa kwamakamela esifazane anomswakama owodwa kuhlala izinyanga eziyishumi nantathu, futhi kumakamela abesifazane anama-humped amabili - enye inyanga. Ukukhiqizwa kwekamela elilodwa nelamabhamu amabili kwenzeka ngokwesimo sesikimu sezilwane eziningi ezinenselo.
Isikhathi se-rutting siyingozi hhayi kuphela kukamela uqobo, kodwa nakubantu. Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokobulili ngalesi sikhathi baba nolaka olukhulu, futhi ngenkathi belwela owesifazane, ngaphandle kokungabaza banamandla okuhlasela imbangi nomuntu ngokuphelele. Izimpi ezinamandla phakathi kwabesilisa zivame ukuphela ekulimaleni kanzima ngisho nasekufeni kohlangothi olulahlekile. Ngesikhathi sokulwa okunjalo, izilwane ezinkulu azisebenzisi izinselo ezinamandla kuphela, kodwa namazinyo.
Ukukhwelana kwamakamela kwenzeka ngesikhathi sasebusika, lapho inkathi yemvula iqala ezindaweni eziwugwadule, ihlinzeka izilwane ngamanzi anele nangokudla okwanele. Noma kunjalo, i-dromedary rut iqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuneBactrian. Insikazi, njengomthetho, izala izinyane elilodwa elikhule kahle, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuzalwa amakamela amabili. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ikamela lomntwana lisukuma ngokuphelele, futhi liyakwazi ukugijima lilandele unina.
Kuyathakazelisa! Impi yamakamela avuthiwe ngokocansi iqukethe isifiso sowesilisa sokungqimuza ophikisana naye ezinyaweni zakhe ukuze anyathele ophikisana naye ngokuzayo.
Amakamela ahluke ngokuphawulekayo ngosayizi nesisindo.... Isibonelo, umntwana osanda kuzalwa wekamela elinomswakama omabili angaba nesisindo esingama-35-46 kg kuphela, enobude obungamasentimitha angama-90. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi hlobo luni lolo hlobo, abesifazane basuthisa inzalo yabo kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha noma unyaka nohhafu. Izilwane zinakekela amaphuphu azo aze akhule ngokugcwele.
Izitha zemvelo
Njengamanje, amabanga engwe nekamela awahambelani, kepha phambilini, amahlosi amaningi ayevame ukuhlasela hhayi kuphela izilwane zasendle, kepha nezilwane ezifuywayo. Amahlosi abelana insimu efanayo namakamela asendle eduze kwaseLake Lob Nor, kodwa anyamalala kulezi zindawo ngemuva kokuniselwa. Usayizi omkhulu awuyisindisanga iBactrian, ngakho-ke, kunamacala adumile lapho ingwe igaya amakamela abhajwe emgodini womswakama kasawoti. Ukuhlaselwa kaningi kwamahlosi ngamakamela asekhaya kube yisizathu esikhulu sokuphishekelwa komzingeli ngabantu ezindaweni eziningi ezizalela amakamela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izifo ezivame kakhulu emakameleni zifaka i-trypanosomiasis nomkhuhlane, isifo samakamela kanye ne-echinococcosis, notwayi olulumayo.
Esinye isitha esiyingozi sekamela impisi, minyaka yonke eyehlisa inani lama-artiodactyls asendle. Kumakamela afuywayo, impisi ibuye ibe nosongo olukhulu, futhi ummeleli omkhulu we-suborder-called-legged uhlushwa yilo mhlaseli ngenxa yokwesaba kwemvelo. Lapho izimpisi zihlasela, amakamela awazami nokuzama ukuzivikela, zimemeza kuphela futhi zikhafule okuqukethwe okuqoqiwe esiswini. Ngisho namagwababa akwazi ukubamba amanxeba emzimbeni wesilwane - amakamela, futhi kulokhu, akhombisa ukungavikeleki kwawo ngokuphelele.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngokungafani namakamela acijwe munye, anyamalala endle ngezikhathi zangaphambi komlando futhi manje atholakala ezimweni zemvelo njengezilwane nje ezingekho emthethweni, amakamela anciphise kabili asinda endle.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amakamela asendle abhalwe ku-International Red Book, lapho izilwane ezinjalo zinikezwa isigaba se-CR - uhlobo olusengozini enkulu.
Yize kunjalo, amakamela asendle ama-bactrian abe angavamile ngokwedlulele ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngakho-ke, namuhla asengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Ngokweminye imibiko, amakamela asendle manje asendaweni yesishiyagalombili phakathi kwazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo ezisengozini yokuya ngezinga losongo.
Amakamela nendoda
Amakamela kudala afuywa ngabantu futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yezomnotho:
- «UNar"- isilwane esikhulu esinesisindo esifinyelela kwithani. Le nhlanganisela yatholwa ngokunqamula i-Arvan enomswakama owodwa ngekamela laseKazakh elinomswakama omabili. Isici esivelele sabantu abanjalo sivezwa ubukhona besinye esikhulu, njengokungathi sinezingxenye ezimbili, i-hump. AmaNars akhuliswa ngabantu ikakhulu ngenxa yezimfanelo zabo ezinhle zokusenga. Isilinganiso sobuningi besivuno somuntu ngamunye silinganiselwa kumalitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ngonyaka;
- «Kama"- i-hybrid ethandwayo etholwe ngokuwela ikamela eline-llama. Isilwane esinjalo sihlukaniswa nokukhula kwaso okungaphansi kuka-125-140 cm kanye nesisindo esiphansi, okungajwayelekile ukudlula ama-65-70 kg. Ikhamela ayinayo i-hump ejwayelekile, kepha isilwane esinjalo sinamandla okuthwala amahle kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi sisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo njengephakethe lomthwalo ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kakhulu;
- «Inery", noma"Iners"- imidondoshiya e-humped eyodwa enengubo enhle kakhulu. Le nhlanganisela yatholakala ngokuwela ikamela lesifazane lohlobo lwamaTurkmen nge-Arvan yesilisa;
- «UJarbai"- i-hybrid cishe engavuleki futhi engajwayelekile, ezalwa njengomphumela wokukhwelana kwamakamela angxubevange;
- «UKurt”- i-hybrid e-humped eyodwa futhi engathandwa kakhulu etholwe ngokuxuba i-iner yesifazane nekamela lesilisa lohlobo lwamaTurkmen. Isilwane sinokukhiqiza ubisi oluhlonipheke kakhulu, kepha ubisi olutholakele lunamaphesenti aphansi kakhulu amafutha;
- «I-Kaspak"Ingabe ifomu le-hybrid elithandwa kakhulu elitholwa ngokuhlanganisa uBactrian wesilisa noNara wesifazane. Izilwane ezinjalo zikhuliselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza ubisi oluningi nenqwaba yenyama ehlaba umxhwele;
- «I-Kez-nar"- enye yamafomu e-hybrid asakazeke kakhulu atholakala ngokuwela iCaspak ngekamela lohlobo lwamaTurkmen. Esinye sezilwane ezinkulu ngobukhulu nosayizi wobisi.
Umuntu usebenzisa ubisi lwekamela namafutha, kanye nenyama yabantu abasha. Noma kunjalo, okwaziswa kakhulu namuhla ngoboya bekamela obusezingeni eliphakeme, obusetshenziswa ekwenzeni izingubo ezifudumele ngokumangazayo, izingubo zokulala, izicathulo nezinye izinto abantu abazidingayo.
