Zebra (lat. To Nirrotigris zebras Burchell's (Еquus quаggа), zebre Grevy's (Еquus grеvyi) and zebra mountain (Еquus zеbra) are attributed. The okwamanje atholakalayo izinhlobo ze-zebra nehhashi lasekhaya zibizwa ngamadube, kanti amadube nezimbongolo zibizwa ngamadube.
Incazelo yedube
Ngokwesayensi, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-4,5 eyedlule, kwakhiwa umugqa we-Equus, owaba ngukhokho wezilwane zesimanje ezifana namahhashi, amadube nezimbongolo. Amadube amadala ahlukaniswa ngomusa wawo okhethekile nobuhle bawo obuthakathayo.
Ukubukeka, umbala
Amadube aphakathi kwezilwane ezinomzimba omaphakathi ngobude obungamamitha amabili... Isisindo esimaphakathi sedube elidala cishe liyi-310-350 kg. Umsila ungobude obuphakathi nendawo, ungaphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-48-52. Amadube wesilisa makhulu kunabesifazane, ngakho ukuphakama kwesilwane esinjalo ekubuneni kuvame imitha elilodwa nohhafu. Isilwane esincelisayo esingenazinselo sinomthethosisekelo ominyene futhi onesiqu, kanye nezitho zomzimba ezimfishane, ezigcina ngezinselo eziqinile nezithuthukile. Abesilisa banama-canine akhethekile asiza isilwane empini yokuphepha komhlambi wonke.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abamele umndeni wakwa-Equidae bane-mane emfushane futhi eqinile. Umugqa omaphakathi wenqwaba ubonakala ngokudlula esifundeni sangemuva nge "bhulashi" eligijima lisuka ekhanda liye emsileni.
Intamo yedube inemisipha impela, kepha iyajiya emadodeni. Idube elidala alisheshi kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa namahhashi, kepha uma lifiswa, isilwane esinjalo sikwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-70-80 km ngehora. Amadube abalekela abawaxoshayo ngama-zigzags akhethekile, ngakho-ke ama-artiodactyl anjalo ayizisulu ezingafinyeleleki zezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezidlayo.
Amadube ahlukaniswa ngamehlo abuthakathaka, kepha umuzwa othuthukile wokunuka, ovumela ukuthi bakwazi ukuzwa ubungozi obungaba khona ngisho nalapho bekude ngokwanele, kanye nokuxwayisa umhlambi ngesikhathi esifanele ngosongo. Imisindo eyenziwe ngama-artiodactyls ingahluka kakhulu: kufana nokukhonkotha kwenja, okukhumbuza ukukhala kwehhashi noma ukukhala kwembongolo.
Imivimbo esikhumbeni sesilwane entanyeni nasekhanda ihlelwe ibheke phezulu, kanti umzimba wedube uhlotshiswe ngemivimbo nge-engela. Emilenzeni ye-artiodactyl, kunemivimbo evundlile. Mayelana nokuziphendukela kwemvelo, imivimbo esikhumbeni sedube cishe iyindlela yokufihla isilwane ngokuphumelelayo kusuka kuzimpukane ze-tsetse nezimpukane zehhashi. Ngokuya ngokunye, okungajwayelekile okungajwayelekile, imivimbo ifihlwa kahle kusuka ezilwaneni eziningi ezidlayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imivimbo yeZebra imelwe yiphethini ehlukile kumuntu ngamunye, kanti amaphuphu alesi silwane esincelisayo esinezinselo aqaphela umama wawo ngenxa yombala wakhe uqobo.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Amadube ayizilwane ezincelisayo ezinemilenze enamagagasi amakhulu, yingakho zivame ukuhlupheka futhi zibe yizisulu zezilwane ezizizingelayo. Izilwane zihlangene emhlambini, eziqukethe abantu abaningana. Kweduna ngalinye kunezinsikazi eziyisihlanu noma eziyisithupha nezincane eziningana, ezivikelwa kakhulu yinhloko yomndeni onjalo. Imvamisa, abekho abantu abedlula amashumi amahlanu emhlambini owodwa, kepha kunemihlambi eminingi kakhulu.
Emndenini wamadube, kubhekwa isigaba sabaphathi esiqinile, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuphumula, abantu abaningana basebenza njengonogada, kanti ezinye izilwane zizizwa ziphephe ngokuphelele.
Mangaki amadube ahlala
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimo okuhle kuvumela idube ukuthi lihlale endle ikota yekhulu leminyaka, futhi ekuthunjweni ubude besikhathi sokuphila besilwane esinjalo bufinyelela eminyakeni engamashumi amane, kepha mhlawumbe ngaphezulu kancane.
Izinhlobo Zebra
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zezilwane ezincelisayo ezinezinhlamvu ezinamazenga e-subgenus yeZebra:
- Zebra Burchell noma i-savanna (lat. Ququus quаggа noma E. burshelli) - yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, eziqanjwe ngegama lesazi sezitshalo esidumile saseNgilandi uBurchell. Isici sephethini esikhunjeni sezinhlobo yikhono lokushintsha ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ngakho-ke, izinhlobo eziyisithupha eziyinhloko ziyahlukaniswa. Ama-subspecies asenyakatho abonakala ngokuba khona kwephethini evelele, kuyilapho ama-subspecies aseningizimu ehlukaniswa ngephethini efiphele yemivimbo engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba kanye nokuba khona kwemivimbo ye-beige esikhunjeni esimhlophe. Usayizi womuntu omdala ngu-2.0-2.4 m, nobude obuphakathi komsila obububanzi obungu-47-57 cm nobude besilwane obubunile bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.4. Isisindo esimaphakathi sedube siyahluka kusuka ku-290 kuye ku-340 kg;
- Zebra Grevy noma ilahliwe (lat. E. regvyi), Oqanjwe ngoMongameli waseFrance, ungowesigaba sezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu zomndeni wase-Equidae. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba sedube likaGrevy sifinyelela kumamitha amathathu futhi sinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-390-400 kg. Umsila wedube lasogwadule ucishe ube uhhafu wemitha ubude. Isici esithile esihlukile simelelwa ubukhulu bombala omhlophe noma ophuzi ngokukhanyayo nokuba khona komugqa omnyama obanzi osebenza maphakathi nesifunda sokushona. Imivimbo esikhunjeni mincane futhi isondele ngokwanele komunye nomunye;
- Idube lentaba (lat. E.zebraibonakala ngombala omnyama onemigqa emincane nemnyama emincane efinyelela ezingalweni zezinselo. Isisindo sedube lentaba elidala singaba ngama-265-370 kg, sibe nobude bomzimba obungu-2.2 m nobude obungeqile kumitha elilodwa nohhafu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinhlobo ezingasekho zihlanganisa ama-subspecies e-zebra ka-Burchell - i-Quagga (lat.E Quagga quagga), ayehlala eNingizimu Afrika futhi ehlukaniswa ngombala onemigqa, ehambisana nombala we-bay horse.
Ezingajwayelekile kakhulu inzalo etholakala ngokuwela idube nehhashi lasekhaya noma imbongolo. I-hybridization imvamisa ifaka ukusetshenziswa kwedube lesilisa nabesifazane abavela kweminye imindeni. Ama-Zebroids ekubukekeni kwawo afana nehhashi, kodwa anombala omthende kancane. AmaHybrids, njengomthetho, anolaka impela, kepha ayasebenza ekuqeqesheni, ngenxa yokuthi asetshenziswa njengezintaba nezilo zomthwalo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala enkulu yeBurchella noma i-Savannah zebra imelwe yingxenye eseningizimu-mpumalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Ngokusho kokubona kochwepheshe, indawo yokuhlala yama-subspecies asezindaweni eziphansi yi-savannah yase-East Africa, kanye nengxenye eseningizimu yezwekazi, iSudan ne-Ethiopia. Izinhlobo ze-Grevy zasakazeka kakhulu endaweni yase-subequatorial empumalanga ye-Afrika, kubandakanya iKenya, i-Uganda, i-Ethiopia neSomalia, kanye neMeru. Amadube asezintabeni ahlala ezinkangala zaseNingizimu Afrika naseNamibia endaweni ephakeme engamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili.
Kuyathakazelisa!Amadube amadala nezilwane ezisencane zalezo zilwane ezinamaqatha anezinqa ziyakuthanda ukulala othulini olujwayelekile.
Lolu hlobo lokugeza luvumela abameleli bomndeni wakwa-Equidae ukuthi balahle kalula futhi ngokushesha ama-ectoparasites amaningi.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, "amahhashi anemigqa" ahlalisana kahle nenyoni encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-bullpecker yenkunzi. Izinyoni zihlala phezu kwedube futhi zisebenzise uqhwaku lwazo ukukhetha izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene eziyingozi esikhunjeni. Ama-Artiodactyls ayakwazi ukudlisa ngokuthula enkampanini yezinye izilwane eziningi ezidla imfuyo ezingenabungozi, ezimelwe yizinyathi, izinhlwathi, izinsephe nezindlulamithi, kanye nezintshe.
Ukudla Zebra
AmaZebra yizilwane ezidla utshani ikakhulukazi ezondla ngezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezinobuthi, kanye namagxolo nezihlahla.... Isilwane esidala esinenselo ekhethwayo sikhetha ukuzondla ngotshani obufushane nobuluhlaza obukhula buqhelelene nomhlabathi. Kunokwehluka okuthile ekudleni kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zedube. Amadube asogwadule avame kakhulu ukudla uhlaza olunotshani, olungagayeki ngezinye izilwane eziningi zomndeni wakwa-Equidae. Futhi, lezi zinhlobo zibonakaliswa ngokudla utshani obunemicu obunesakhiwo esiqinile, kufaka phakathi u-Eleusis.
Amadube asogwadule, ahlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile, adla amagxolo namahlamvu, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemibandela evumela ukukhula kwesembozo se-herbaceous. Ukudla kwamadube asezintabeni ikakhulu kungotshani, kufaka phakathi iThemeda triandra nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezivamile. Ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ze-artiodactyl zingadla amahlumela namahlumela, izithelo nezinhlanga zommbila, kanye nezimpande zezitshalo eziningi.
Ngokuphila okugcwele, amadube adinga amanzi anele nsuku zonke. Wonke amalungu omndeni wamaHhashi achitha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sasemini emadlelweni emvelo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi se-estrus kubantu besifazane be-zebra siqala ngokuqala kweshumi leminyaka elidlule lentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesifazane baqala ukuhlela kahle imilenze yabo yangemuva, futhi baphambukise umsila wabo, okukhombisa ukulungela kwesilwane esinezinselo zokuzala. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa esilwaneni esincelisayo esinjalo sihlala cishe unyaka, kanti inqubo yokubeletha ingahle ihambisane nesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Njengoba ukubonwa kubonisa, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwenzalo, idube lesifazane liyakwazi ukuphinde likhulelwe ngemuva kwesonto, kepha amawundlu azalwa kanye kuphela ngonyaka.
Abesifazane abadala be-zebra abavuthiwe ngokobulili bazala izinyane elilodwa, ukuphakama kwalo, njengomthetho, akudluli ku-80 cm, futhi isisindo cishe singama-30-31 kg. Cishe isigamu sehora noma ihora ngemuva kokuzalwa, inkonyane liyazimela, kuthi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, izinyane liqale ukwengeza ukudla kwalo ngotshani obuncane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Idube lesilisa lanoma yiluphi uhlobo nama-subspecies luvuthwa ngokocansi, njengomthetho, eneminyaka emithathu, nowesifazane - cishe iminyaka emibili, kepha amandla okuzala ahlala kulezi zilwane ezincelisayo ze-artiodactyl kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili kuphela.
Abancane banikezwa ubisi isikhathi esingangonyaka. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abesifazane kanye nezingane ezisencane ngalesi sikhathi zihlangene zaba ngumhlambi ohlukile.
Ubisi lwe-zebra lensikazi lunombala ongavamile futhi okhethekile o-creamy-pinkish, uqukethe izakhi zomzimba ezanele, amaminerali kanye namavithamini okukhula okusebenzayo nokukhula okufanele kwembongolo. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okukhethekile, ukudla okunjalo kuvumela amawundlu ama-artiodactyls ukuba alondoloze ibhalansi elungile ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, futhi futhi aqinisa amasosha omzimba kahle kakhulu.
Kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, izingane zamadube zikhetha ukuhlala ziqine eqenjini elilodwa, okungazivumeli ukuba zibe yizisulu ezilula zezilwane ezahlukahlukene ezidlayo... Kusuka onyakeni kuya eminyakeni emithathu, abesilisa abancane bayaxoshwa emhlambini ovamile, ngenxa yalokho ama-artiodactyls akwazi ukwakha umndeni wawo. Emasontweni okuqala, insikazi iyinaka kakhulu ingane yayo futhi iyivikela ngenkuthalo. Idube, libona ingozi yethole lalo, lizama ukulifihla ekujuleni komhlambi futhi lisizakale ngosizo olusebenzayo lwazo zonke izihlobo zalo ezindala.
Izitha zemvelo
Isitha esikhulu sedube yibhubesi, kanye nezinye izilwane zase-Afrika ezidla ezinye, ezihlanganisa izingulule, izingwe kanye namahlosi. Ezimweni zomgodi wokunisela, ama-alligator asongela impilo yama-artiodactyls, futhi amawundlu edube angaba yisisulu sezimpisi. Ezinganeni ezingavuthiwe, kunamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu okufa okuvela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye noma ezifweni, ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, isigamu samathole sisinda size sibe nonyaka.
Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kwedube akuboniswa nje kuphela umbala walo ohlukile, kodwa futhi ngamehlo alo acijile ngokuzwa nokuzwa okuthuthukile, ngakho-ke isilwane esinjalo siqaphile kakhulu futhi siyesaba. Ukubalekela ukuphishekela izilwane ezidla ezinye, abamele umndeni wakwa-Equidae bayakwazi ukusebenzisa ukugijima okugijimayo, okwenza isilwane esisheshayo nesinakekelayo singabi sengozini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ivikela amathole ayo, idube elikhulile liyaphakama, lilume futhi likhahlele ngamandla, lilwa ngamandla nabantu abadala nezilwane ezinkulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ekuqaleni, amadube ayesakazeke cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zezwekazi lase-Afrika, kodwa namuhla isibalo sabantu abanjalo sehle kakhulu. Isibonelo, inani labantu be-Hartman mountain zebra (lat. E. zebra hartmannae) lehle izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili futhi lingabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu, kanti idube lasentabeni laseKapa livikelwe ezingeni likahulumeni.
