Bathi ihhashi likaPrzewalski alikwazi ukuqhutshwa nxazonke, ngoba alizinikeli ekuqeqesheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa mahhashi asendle ahlala ephuma enqobile ngokulwa namahhashi asekhaya.
Incazelo yehhashi likaPrzewalski
Ama-paleogeneticists aqinisekile ukuthi ihhashi likaPrzewalski alikho kangako, kepha liyinzalo nje yamahhashi aseBotay asekhaya... Masikhumbule ukuthi kwakusezindaweni zaseBotay (eNyakatho Kazakhstan) lapho ama-steppe mares aqala khona ukuboshwa cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu edlule. Lesi silwane esinezinselo ezine-equid sinegama lesiNgisi elithi "Przewalski`s wild horse" kanye negama lesiLatini "Equus ferus przewalskii", kuthathwa njengommeleli wokugcina wamahhashi amahhala, acishe anyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba.
Lezi zinhlobo zavela emkhakheni wokubuka komphakathi jikelele ngo-1879 ngenxa yesazi semvelo saseRussia, isazi sokuma komhlaba kanye nomhambi uNikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky, owaqanjwa ngaye kamuva.
Ukubukeka
Yihhashi elijwayelekile elinomthethosisekelo oqinile nemilenze eqinile. Unekhanda elisindayo, lihleli entanyeni ewugqinsi futhi lifakwe ngezindlebe eziphakathi nendawo. Ukuphela kwesifonyo (okubizwa ngokuthi "ufulawa" futhi akuvamile ukuthi ikhala "imvukuzane" likhanye ukwedlula isizinda somzimba jikelele. Umbala we-savrasai ungumzimba ophuzi onesihlabathi owengezwe ngezitho zomzimba ezimnyama (ngaphansi kwe-hock), umsila nomhlwenga. Ibhande elinsundu ngokumnyama ligijima ngemuva lisuka emsileni liye ekubuneni.
Okubalulekile! Imfishane futhi iphume njenge-mohawk, umhlwenga awunamabhamu. Umehluko wesibili ovela ehhashini elifuywayo ngumsila ofushanisiwe, lapho izinwele ezinde ziqala khona ngokusobala ngaphansi kwesisekelo salo.
Umzimba uvame ukungena esikweleni. Ihhashi likaPrzewalski likhula lifike ku-1.2-1.5 m lapho libuna futhi liyi-2.2-2.8 m ubude ngesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-200-300 kg. Ehlobo, leli bhantshi likhanya kakhulu kunasebusika, kodwa ijazi lasebusika liphindwe kabili yibhantshi elijiyile futhi lide kakhulu kunelehlobo.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
“Ihhashi lasendle lihlala ogwadule oluyisicaba, liyanisela futhi lidla ebusuku. Emini, ubuyela ehlane, lapho ehlala khona ukuze aphumule kuze kushone ilanga, ”- lena indlela umhambi waseRussia uVladimir Efimovich Grum-Grzhimailo abhale ngayo ngalezi zidalwa ezikhululekile, ezihlangane nabo ogwadule lwaseDzungarian ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina. Cishe okuningi kwakwaziwa ngendlela yokuphila yalesi silwanyana yaze yafika emaphethelweni okuphela kwayo ngokuphelele. Ngokufana nokubuyiselwa kwabantu, baqala ukufunda ngesigqi sempilo nokuziphatha kwehhashi i-Przewalski, sebethole ukuthi phakathi nosuku kudlula kusuka emsebenzini kuya ekuphumuleni kaningana.
Amahhashi akha imiphakathi ehambayo equkethe owesilisa osekhulile kanye nezimbuzi eziyishumi nambili ezinezinsizwa... Le mihlambi emincane ihamba kakhulu futhi iyaphoqeleka ukuba ihambe, ingahlali isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa, okuchazwa idlelo elikhula ngokungalingani. I-Dzungarian Plain, lapho okwakuhlala khona (ngaphambi kokungeniswa kabusha) kwamahhashi kaPrzewalski, aqukethe imithambeka emincane yamagquma / izintaba eziphansi, ezisikwa yimifula eminingi.
E-Dzungaria, kunezingwadule ezinamanzi angama-saltwort kanye nezingcezu zezimpaphe zotshani ezifakwe phakathi kwamahlathi we-tamarisk ne-saxaul. Ukuhlala esimweni sezulu esomile futhi esinzima sezwekazi kusizwa kakhulu yimithombo, okuthi ezimweni eziningi yenze indlela yazo phansi kwemikhawulo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amahhashi asendle awadingi ukufuduka okunwetshiwe - umswakama odingekayo nokudla kuhlala kuseduze. Ukufuduka komhlambi ngezikhathi ezithile kulayini oqondile ngokuvamile akudluli ku-150-200 km.
Ama-stallion amadala, angakwazi ukumboza ama-harem, aphile futhi ondle yedwa.
Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani amahhashi kaPrzewalski
Izazi ze-Zoologists zithole ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zinhlobo sisondela eminyakeni engama-25.
Indawo yokuhlala
"I-Yellow Ridge yeHhashi Lasendle" (iTakhiin-Shara-Nuru) yindawo yokuzalwa yehhashi likaPrzewalski, abantu bendawo ababelazi njenge "takhi". Izazi ze-paleontologists zenze umnikelo wazo ekucaciseni imingcele yobubanzi bokuqala, okufakazele ukuthi bekungagcini e-Asia Ephakathi, lapho lolu hlobo luvulekele isayensi. Ukuvubukulwa kukhombisile ukuthi ihhashi likaPrzewalski livele ePleistocene ngasekupheleni. Ngasempumalanga, le ndawo yanweba yacishe yafika olwandle iPacific, entshonalanga - eVolga, enyakatho, umngcele waphela phakathi kuka-50-55 ° N, eningizimu - phansi kwezintaba eziphakeme.
Amahhashi asendle ancamela ukuhlala ezigodini ezingaphansi kwama-2 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle noma emaqeleni amile... Amahhashi kaPrzewalski akhuthazelela ngomoya ophansi izimo zoGwadule lwaseDzungarian ngenxa yenani elikhulu leziphethu ezinosawoti omncane nezintsha ezizungezwe ngama-oases. Kulezi zindawo eziwugwadule, izilwane azitholanga nje kuphela ukudla namanzi, kepha zathola nenqwaba yezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo.
Ukudla kwehhashi lasePrzewalski
Imazi enesipiliyoni iqondisa umhlambi emadlelweni, bese umholi edlala indawo yokugcina. Kakade emadlelweni, kunqunywe abalindi ababili, abagada amaqabane abo anokudla ngokuthula. Amahhashi ekuqaleni ayehlala eDzungar Plain adla okusanhlamvu, izihlahlana zemifino nezihlahlana, kufaka phakathi:
- utshani bezimpaphe;
- ukutakula;
- utshani bekolweni;
- uswazi;
- umhlonyane kanye ne-chiy;
- anyanisi wasendle;
- IKaragan ne-saxaul.
Lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo, izilwane zijwayela ukuthola ukudla ngaphansi kweqhwa, zikudabula ngezinselo zazo zangaphambili.
Okubalulekile! Indlala iqala lapho ukuncibilika kuthathelwa indawo yiqhwa kanti i-slurry iphenduka uqweqwe lweqhwa. Izinselo ziyashibilika, futhi amahhashi ahluleka ukugqobhoza uqweqwe ukuze afinyelele ezimileni.
Ngendlela, amahhashi anamuhla kaPrzewalski, akhuliswe ema-zoo emhlabeni jikelele, azivumelanise kahle nemininingwane yezimila zendawo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ihhashi likaPrzewalski (njengabameleli basekhaya bohlobo) lithola ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ngeminyaka emi-2, kepha ama-stallion aqala ukuzala okusebenzayo ngemuva kwesikhathi - cishe iminyaka emihlanu. Ukuzingela ngokocansi kubekelwe isikhathi esithile: ama-mares ngokuvamile alungele ukukhwelana kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti. Ukuzala kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-11-11.5, kunesilwane esisodwa kuphela kudoti. Izalwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho sekukhona ukudla okuningi okutholakalayo nxazonke.
Emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokubeletha, imazi likulungele ukukhwelana futhi, ngakho-ke amawundlu alo angavela njalo ngonyaka... Ekupheleni kokubeletha, umama ususa izinsalela ze-amniotic fluid ngolimi nangezindebe bese inkonyane loma ngokushesha. Imizuzu eminingana iyadlula futhi izinyane lizama ukusukuma, futhi ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa selivele selihamba nomama.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amathole anamasonto amabili ubudala azama ukuhlafuna utshani, kepha ahlala ekudleni kobisi izinyanga ezimbalwa, yize kunokwanda kokudla kwezitshalo nsuku zonke.
Amathole amancane, aneminyaka engu-1.5-2.5 ubudala, axoshwa emaqenjini emindeni noma ashiye awodwa, akha inkampani yamachelors.
Izitha zemvelo
Endle, amahhashi kaPrzewalski asongelwa izimpisi, ama-cougars, kepha abantu abaphilile balwa nabo ngaphandle kobunzima. Abadli bezilwane babhekana nezilwane ezincane, ezindala nezibuthakathaka.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo babona ukuthi ihhashi likaPrzewalski liyanyamalala, futhi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70s. akekho noyedwa kubamele bayo owahlala emvelweni. Kuyiqiniso, ezinkulisa zomhlaba eziningi, izinhlobo ezingama-20 ezilungele ukukhiqizwa zisindile. Ngo-1959, kwabizwa i-1st International Symposium on the Conservation of the Przewalski Horse (Prague), lapho kwasungulwa khona isu lokusindisa lezi zinhlobo.
Izinyathelo ziphumelele futhi zaholela ekwandeni kwabantu: ngo-1972 zazingama-200, kwathi ngo-1985 - zase zingu-680. Ngo-1985 ofanayo, baqala ukufuna izindawo zokubuyisela amahhashi kaPrzewalski endle. Abathandi benza umsebenzi omningi ngaphambi kokuba kufike amahhashi okuqala avela eHolland naseSoviet Union epheshaneni leKhustain-Nuru (Mongolia).
Kuyathakazelisa! Kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1992, manje isizukulwane sesithathu siyakhula lapho futhi kunabantu abathathu abahlukene bamahhashi abakhishelwe endle.
Namuhla, isibalo samahhashi kaPrzewalski ahlala ezimweni zemvelo sisondela ku-300... Ngokucabangela izilwane ezihlala eziqiwini nasemapaki, lesi sibalo sibukeka sethembisa kakhulu - cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbili abahlanzekile. Futhi wonke la mahhashi asendle aqhamuka ezilwaneni eziyi-11 kuphela ezazibanjwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu elidlule eDzungarian Plain nakwelinye lamahhashi afuywe ngesimo.
Ngo-1899-1903 imikhankaso yokuqala yokubamba amahhashi kaPrzewalski yayihlonyiswe ngumthengisi waseRussia no-philanthropist uNikolai Ivanovich Assanov. Ngenxa yokuzincisha kwakhe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 nele-20, izinqolobane eziningana zaseMelika naseYurophu (kufaka phakathi i-Askania-Nova) zagcwaliswa ngamathole angama-55 athunjiwe. Kodwa bangu-11 kuphela kubo kamuva abazala. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ihhashi elethwe e-Askania-Nova (Ukraine) elivela eMongolia laxhunyaniswa nokuzala. Njengamanje, ukubuyiswa kabusha kwalezi zinhlobo ezifakwe kwi-IUCN Red Data Book ephawulwe "njengokushabalala emvelweni" kuyaqhubeka.
