Idada liyazulazula enye yezinyoni ezivame kakhulu esifundeni esisenyakatho. Ungayibona ensimini ye-tundra ne-steppes emahlathini. Abantu banobungane, ngakho-ke bayaphambuka babe yimihlambi eminingi. Amadada ane-thermophilic, ngakho-ke andizela emazweni afudumele ebusika. Ngaphambi kokuhamba noma ngesikhathi sendiza, bazithola bengababili, abahlala bethembekile kuzo zonke izinsuku zabo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Idada likaSviyaz
Idada le-sviyaz limele ukuhleleka kwe-Anseriformes, umndeni wedada nohlobo lwamadada omfula. Isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu ngumthakathi waseMelika. ISviyaz ifana kakhulu nedada lasendle. Iqanjwe ngegama layo ngenxa yomsindo (impempe) eyenzayo. Ezincwadini ungathola futhi amagama alesi silwane njenge-whistler kanye ne-svityaga. Umthakathi uyinyoni efudukayo; kubusika empumalanga ye-Afrika, e-Indochina naseningizimu ye-Asia.
Ividiyo: Idada likaSviyaz
Izici ezihlukile zalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni yilezi:
- impilo emihlambini emikhulu, inani lazo elingafika ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa;
- zifana namahansi ngesimilo nemikhuba;
- ubungani;
- izindawo eziyizintandokazi - izimfunda, amaxhaphozi namasimu;
- umsindo okhishwa yilowo nalowo ufana nempempe;
- bathanda imfudumalo, ababekezeleli amakhaza amabi, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, bandizela ebusika ezindaweni ezifudumele;
- indiza ekhaya ubusika lapho iqhwa liyancibilika;
- ulwelwe luyathandwa ekudleni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Idada elizulazulayo, ukuze lithole ulwelwe, aligcini ngokufaka ikhanda lalo emanzini, kepha futhi, uma kunesidingo, liphendulela imilenze phezulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani idada
Idada eligijimayo lifinyelela ekukhuleni okulingene. Imvamisa ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala bungu-51 cm kanti isisindo siyi-1 kg. Le nyoni inombala omuhle kakhulu. Umbala wezimpaphe ubomvu-mpunga ngemicu. Emzimbeni wedada kunophawu olukhulu lokumhlophe, igolide noma ophuzi.Itholakala phakathi komlomo nangemuva kwekhanda. Kusukela maphakathi nehlobo, le nyoni iqala ukuncibilika futhi iguqule umbala wezimpaphe. Idada le-wigeon linesiqu esanele, umzimba ugoqiwe uvalwe.
Le nyoni yehlukile kwamanye amadada kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
- ibunzi eliphakeme;
- intamo emfushane;
- umsila omude okhombe;
- umlomo omfishane.
Idada elizulazulayo linezimpaphe ze-emerald, ezibonakala kwabanye kuphela lapho kuvulwa izimpiko. Isici esivelele sokuthomba kwabesilisa ukubonakala kwamabala amhlophe ezimpikweni. Abantu abadala abanazo izindawo ezinjalo.
Isikhathi sokuphila sedada elizulazulayo ekuthunjweni yiminyaka eyi-15 ngokwesilinganiso. Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinyoni zihlala iminyaka emi-2 noma emi-3 ubude. Enqubeni ende yokuncibilika, idada alilahlekelwa amandla alo okundiza, ngoba izimpaphe zokundiza ziwa kancane kancane, hhayi ngokushesha.
Ihlala kuphi idada elizulazulayo?
Isithombe: Idada likaSviyaz eRussia
Lolu hlobo lwamadada lusakazeke eRussia, eFinland, engxenyeni esenyakatho yeCaucasus naseScandinavia. Enhlabathini yaseRussia, inani elikhulu lihlala e-taiga (ikakhulukazi elingasogwini, befuna ukudla abandizela e-Arctic), ogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk naseKamchatka, eNtshonalanga yeSiberia, izindawo ezisezansi ze-Ob, osebeni lweVolga kanye nemifula i-Ural. Ingxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia cishe ayihlali duck.
Ekhaya, inyoni ye-sviyaz ikhetha amadamu amancane avulekile emifuleni engenawo uhlaza oluningi. Kufanele kube khona udaka nolwelwe oluningi ezansi kwamachibi anjalo. Ngakho-ke, izindawo eziyizintandokazi zalolu hlobo lwezinyoni zingamaxhaphozi, amachibi asemahlathini namachibi asemanzini.
Njengoba i-sviyaz duck i-thermophilic, indizela ezifundeni ezifudumele ezinesimo sezulu esipholile sasebusika. Indawo yokuhlala incike ekudleni, ngoba bathanda ama-rupees asolwandle njengokudla. Ngakho-ke, umhlambi undizela lapho unenqwaba khona. ENingizimu Asia, e-Indochina, e-Afrika, oLwandle iMedithera - izinyoni zivame kakhulu ubusika lapha emabhishi olwandle nasezizalweni zemifula. Ngendiza ebusika, baphambuka baba ngamaqembu amakhulu. Njengomthetho, bandizela ezindaweni ezifudumele ekupheleni kwehlobo, yize kusimo sezulu esifudumele bangabambezela indiza kuze kube ukubanda okubandayo.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona idada le-wigeon. Ake sithole ukuthi udlani.
Idlani idada elizulazulayo?
Isithombe: Idada leWig emvelweni
Idada lidla imifino kuphela, yize lingahlosile lingadla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezingena ohlelweni lwalo lokugaya ukudla kanye nezitshalo. Lolu hlobo lwamadada luthanda kakhulu ulwelwe, izimpande kanye nezingxenye zezitshalo ezikhula osebeni lwamachibi.
Kulokhu zifana kakhulu namadada asekhaya. Ngasikhathi sinye, indlela yokondla umthakathi ifana nehansi elidla otshanini, ngoba lokhu bakhetha izimfunda zotshani namasimu badle okusanhlamvu nembewu yezitshalo lapho.
Lolu hlobo lwedada alwehluki ngamakhono akhethekile ekudonseni phansi (yize likwazi ukucwila noma ligingqike emanzini), ngakho-ke kunzima kulo ukuthola ukudla emanzini. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, zihlala eduze nomhlambi wamadada okuntywila noma ama-swans bese zicosha ukudla ezikutholayo.
Izakhi eziyinhloko zokutholakala kokudla kwedada le-sviyaz yilezi:
- izitshalo zasemanzini ezinamaqabunga afakwe emanzini, anezimpande ezinde ezinwabuzelayo;
- izitshalo zasemanzini njengeminduze yamanzi;
- i-duckweed encane;
- iklabishi lamanzi;
- okusanhlamvu kwefula;
- ulwelwe oluhlaza;
- izitshalo ezinezimpande ezinamanzi ezimila osebeni;
- utshani basolwandle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoE-UK, izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasolwandle zibizwa ngokuthi “imifino eshintshashintshayo” ngoba iyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yasebusika yenyoni.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Idada leWig lindiza
Amadada kaSviyaz azama ukugwema indawo evulekile; kunikezwa izintandokazi zamanzi nemifula. Baphila impilo esebenzayo emini, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bayabonakala belele emanzini emini. Ngesikhathi sokulala, bathambekisela amakhanda abo kolunye uhlangothi. Ama-wigs ahlukaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamadada ngezwi lawo, elihluke kakhulu kunokweqiwa kwendabuko kwamadada. Umsindo ufana kakhulu nempempe, yingakho idada lathola igama lalo linguMthakathi.
Amadada alo mphakathi othanda umphakathi, ahlala emhlambini. Abagcini ngokuba nobungane, ukuthembeka luphawu lwesimilo sabo. Amadada ahlala ngababili, kanti owesilisa ozitholele umlingani wakhe akasoze ahlukumeza omunye umuntu.
Kodwa-ke, abesilisa abalahlwa njengabanomthwalo wemfanelo - bangobaba ababi. Zindiza zisuka esidlekeni zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa insikazi izalele amaqanda. Futhi, abesilisa abahlanganyeli ekudlekeni, leli ibhizinisi labesifazane. Insikazi ayikhathazeki kakhulu ngekhwalithi yesidleke sayo, ngakho-ke indawo elula emahlathini otshani ingasebenza njengendawo yakhe yokwakha isidleke.
Ukuyicwenga, angangeza kuphela phansi kusuka ezimpapheni zakhe. Izici ezihlukile zalolu hlobo lwamadada nazo zikhona ilukuluku, ukuthula nobuvila, okuyizinto ezingajwayelekile emadada.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amantshontsho amadada kaSviyaz
Idada le-sviyaz elinobungane lithanda ukuhlala emhlambini omkhulu, ikakhulukazi ebusika. Ekhaya, izinyoni ziyahlangana ngamaqembu amancane. Inqubo yokuthomba egcwele iphela kulolu hlobo lwamadada asevele enonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kepha, njengomthetho, aqala ukukhwelana ngonyaka wesibili kuphela.
Ukwakhiwa kwamabili wabesilisa nabesifazane kwenzeka ekwindla ngaphambi kokuya ebusika noma ngesikhathi sendiza uqobo. Ngenqubo yokwakha isidleke, bonke abantu bahlukaniswe ngababili. Imidlalo yokubonisana ithule futhi inesizotha. Indoda idlula njalo eduze kwalowo omkhethile, ivule amaphiko ayo, yazise wonke umuntu ukuthi isivele "imatasa". Ukubhangqa kuhambisana nomsindo omkhulu ofana nempempe.
Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kufakiwe emisebenzini yowesifazane, owesilisa akabambi iqhaza kule nqubo. Isidleke siseduze kwechibi emaxhaphozini. Njengesidleke, insikazi imba umgodi cishe ongu-7 cm bese isimboza ngezimpaphe zayo. Amagatsha nezinye izimila, njengezinye izinyoni, azisetshenziselwa ukwakha isidleke.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube maphakathi noJuni, izalela amaqanda angafika kwayishumi. Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda iyodwa izinsuku ezingama-25. Amachwane avuthwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-45, ngemuva kwalokho azimele futhi angandiza.
Amachwane asanda kuzalwa ahlala esidlekeni cishe usuku lonke (ngalesi sikhathi adinga ukoma), bese ehlela emanzini nonina. Amachwane agijima ngokushesha, abhukude futhi acwilise kahle. Kakade ngosuku lwe-45, ziqala ukundiza. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, abantu abasha bahlangana emhlanjini bese beya ezindaweni zobusika.
Izitha zemvelo zedada elizulazulayo
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani idada
Imihlambi eminingi yamadada azulazulayo idonsela ukunaka kwenqwaba yezilwane ezidla phansi nezindizayo. Emhlabathini, izimpungushe, ama-raccoon, amakati asehlathini, ama-martens, ama-otter, izinja ze-raccoon, izingulube zasendle, izinyoka zisongela izitha zamadada nezinduku zazo.
Lapho indiza, amadada e-sviyaz aba yisisulu sezinyoni ezinkulu: izinkozi, oheshe, izikhova zokhozi, njll. Amaqanda amadada azingelwa amagwababa echobana, onogwaja kanye nezinkukhu. Ezinqolobaneni zamadada, amadada nawo ahlala ebhajwe engozini, aba yizisulu ezilula zezingwenya nezinhlanzi ezinkulu: ama-pike kanye ne-catfish. Amadada alolu hlobo futhi awazideleli izinambuzane, ngakho-ke angathwala imfuluwenza yezinyoni, i-helminths nemikhaza.
Imvelo ayinikezi amadada imisebenzi ekhethekile yokuzivikela ekuhlaselweni yizitha. Emanzini, izwa umsindo ongaphandle, ngokushesha iyacwila futhi ibhukude isuke engozini. Abantu abadala bavikela inzalo yesikhova, futhi uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa ibhande lesilwane esidla ezinye, bahlasela ngokushesha isitha bese beshaya amaphiko abo.
Esinye isitha esiyingozi samadada e-sviyaz yindoda ebilokhu izingela izinkukhu ezimnandi amakhulu eminyaka. Indoda izingela amadada isebenzisa izinja zokuzingela, ezingathola kalula futhi zilethe isidumbu senyoni ebulewe, sidlula emibhedeni yomhlanga. I-spaniel yenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokuzingela emanzini.
Kepha bayawathanda amadada hhayi inyama yabo emnandi kuphela. Kakade eNkathini Ephakathi, abantu babekwazisa kakhulu ukwehliswa kwama-eider, gogols, kanye nama-sheaths. Ngenxa yamazwe e-gogol, izikhulu zaseKievan Rus zaze zalwa izimpi zangaphakathi. Ukuqoqa i-eider down, ngaphandle kwegazi kukodwa, kwenziwa emazweni asenyakatho ngesilinganiso esikhulu kangangokuba ukuphela kwento okukhathazayo okuholele ekwehleni kwenani lala madada futhi kwaphoqa abantu ukuthi bazivikele.
Futhi esikhathini sethu, izindleko zale nto eluhlaza zingaphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke amajakhethi ane-eider down angabikwa ngokuphepha ezimpahla zikanokusho. Umlando futhi uyazi izindlela ezingajwayelekile zokusebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa kwedada, ngokwesibonelo, amajazi koboya ayesikwe ngezikhumba ze-merganser, ezihlutshiwe ezimpapheni, ngasikhathi sinye.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Idada le-sviyaz lowesilisa nowesifazane
Inani lamadada ase-sviyaz lisakazeke eRussia, eScandinavia, eNyakatho Caucasus naseFinland. Kwesinye isikhathi amaqembu amancane alolu hlobo lwezinyoni angatholakala ogwini lwe-Arctic Islands. Futhi, inani elikhulu lama-wiggles lihlala ezindaweni ezingama-taiga. Ogwini lweLake Baikal nohlangothi oluseningizimu lwe-Altai Mountains, iKamchatka, ugu loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk nakho kuyindawo yokusatshalaliswa kwale nyoni kabanzi.
Inani lamadada we-sviyaz lithathwa njengelibanzi. Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo lwamadada idlula amamitha skwele ayizigidi eziyishumi. m. enabantu abangu-2.8 - 3.3 wezigidi zabantu. Yize abantu bezingela izinyoni ngomkhakha wezimboni, izazi zezinyoni zikholelwa ukuthi asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka ngenani labantu abasendle. Ngakho-ke, akukho ukuvinjelwa ngokudubula lolu hlobo lwamadada. Inyama yenkukhu yamukelwa njengemnandi, ngakho-ke abantu bayayizingela ngentshiseko.
Abantu abakhulu bamadada we-sviyaz bangatholakala namuhla ku:
- IRussia;
- IFinland;
- EScandinavia.
Idada liyazulazula umuntu onobungane, oqotho, kodwa owenqenayo ngendlela ayithandayo. Iwukudla kwezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye, emhlabathini nasendizeni. Umuntu ofanayo uyimifino, ukuthanda ukudla kunika izimila zasolwandle. Inani lezinyoni liphawulekile, yize zidutshulwa ngenkuthalo ezingeni lezimboni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/19/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.08.2019 ngo-22: 55
