Ezikhathini zasendulo, endaweni yaseGeorgia yanamuhla, kwakukhona umhlangano wezakhamizi zendawo enenyoni emangalisayo. Intshisekelo kuyo iyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Manje pheasant - inyoni ukuthanjiswa, okwaziwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba ngenxa yokwethulwa, noma ukuhlala kabusha. Kodwa igama layo, eligcinwe ngezilimi ezahlukene, libonisa izwe lomlando - idolobha lasePhasis osebeni lomfula. EGeorgia, inyoni ekhanyayo iyigugu lesizwe.
Incazelo nezici
ICaucasian inyoni ye-pheasant ngokwezigaba kufakiwe ngokulandelana kwezinkukhu. Inkulu kunezizukulwane zayo. Ubude bomzimba bungu-90 cm, isisindo esingu-1.7 - 2.0 kg. Abesifazane ababanzi njengabesilisa.
Imisila emide ekhonjiwe. Izimpiko ziyindilinga. Abesilisa bahlome ngama-spurs, bahlala benezimpaphe ezikhanyayo. Izindawo ezizungeze amehlo nezihlathi zinesikhumba. Uma sekuyisikhathi sokuganana, lezi zindawo ziba bomvu.
I-pheasant yesilisa
Umbala wabesilisa uhlanganisa imibala ecebile, umdwebo ubonakala sengathi wenziwe ngumdwebi. UPheasant esithombeni njengenyoni yomlilo yomlingo. Umsindo oyinhloko wezimpaphe ubomvu ophuzi. Ikhanda liluhlaza sasibhakabhaka. Ingemuva lekhanda lihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezinomngcele oluhlaza.
Ngezansi umdwebo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet. Ngaphambili, ifana nephethini enesikhumba. Intamo, isifuba nge-sheen yensimbi. Isisu sivame ukuba nsundu. Imilenze, uqhwaku kuyimpunga-phuzi. Umbala wabesilisa uyahluka endaweni yokuhlala. Izinhlobo ezingafani ziyehluka ngezici zomthunzi.
Isambatho sabesifazane sinesizotha kakhulu - imvelo ibavikele ekunakekelweni yizilwane ezidlayo, ukuze amathuba okuba nabantwana abe makhulu. Iphethini eguquguqukayo enesizinda esinsundu esinsundu uzifihla kahle izinyoni ngemuva kwesimo semifino. Umlomo, imilenze yabesifazane izimpunga. Bahlanganyela ekuzaliseni izinyoni ezinhle kuma-pheasantry akhethekile, iziza ezingasizi. Cishe amazwe angama-50 athole izidlo ezinamaphiko ukuze azivumelanise nezindawo zawo.
Izinhlobo
Umehluko omkhulu kumafomu ezindawo uboniswa ngosayizi nombala. Zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni ezinhle zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezi-2:
- ama-pheasants ajwayelekile (amaCaucasus) - afaka ama-subspecies angama-32 afanele ukuzalaniswa kwasekhaya;
- okuluhlaza (okwesiJapane) - iqukethe ama-subspecies ama-5 ezinyoni zokuhlobisa okuphezulu, adumile kuma-zoo.
Izinhlobo zokukhuluphalisa zihlobisa impela.
I-pheasant ejwayelekile. Ngokubukeka, ngaphezu kwabanye, ama-subspecies afana nenkukhu. Umehluko omkhulu wezinhlobo ngomsila omude. Isisindo somuntu ngamunye ngu-1.7 kg. Umbala ucebile ngokuhlukahluka, kufaka phakathi izimpaphe eziluhlaza, ezinsundu, eziphuzi, zethusi, onsomi. Izindawo zokuhlala eduze namanzi emahlathini asogwini. Ungahlangana nepheasant ejwayelekile eduze kwelayisi, amasimu ommbila, lapho inyoni ithola inala yokudla.
Ama-pheasants ajwayelekile owesilisa nowesilisa
Ukuzingela i-pheasant. Izinhlobonhlobo zitholakala ngokuxuba ama-subspecies amaningana. Umbala wezimpaphe uhlukile. Isisindo esimaphakathi no-1.5 kg, kuya ngezimo zokuboshwa. Le pheasant ayihlali endaweni yayo yemvelo. Enye yezinjongo zokuzalisa ukuzingela kwezemidlalo.
Ukuzingela ama-pheasants
I-pheasant yaseRomania. Ihlukahluka ngezimpaphe eziluhlaza okotshani emzimbeni wonke. Awukho umngcele emphinjeni. Ekhanda kukhona ukugoba kwezimpaphe ezincane. I-hybrid yayikhuliswa endaweni yezimboni. Uthole ukuthandwa ekuzaleni kwasekhaya.
I-pheasant yaseRomania
I-pheasant yaseTranscaucasian. Izimpaphe ezibomvu-zegolide ezinephethini eyinkimbinkimbi yephethini, equkethe amabala nemivimbo enesikhumba. Ikhanda eliluhlaza, isisu esinsundu. Abantu abondliwe kahle bafinyelela isisindo esingu-3 kg. Izimo ezifanele zokugcina, ukondla zithinta umkhiqizo wokuzalanisa. Izinyoni ngokwazo zinakekela amaphuphu.
Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-pheasant zivamile endle. Abamele abahlobisayo ekuqaleni babehlala emazweni ase-Asia, abaningi bathunyelwa ukufuya, izinhloso zombukiso.
I-pheasant yaseTranscaucasian
I-Royal pheasant. Izakhamuzi zezindawo ezinezintaba enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina. Atholakala ezihotsheni, ezigodini zamahlathi ahlabayo futhi aqinile. Izimpaphe ezikude zibukeka njengezikali zezinhlanzi, njengoba zinqenqemeni olunomphetho omnyama onsundu. Kunesigqoko esicwebezelayo esimhlophe qhwa ekhanda elimnyama, irimu emnyama ihlobisa intamo. Isisu nesifuba kunsundu. Kwabesifazane, le ngubo inesizotha ngokwengeziwe - ingubo ensundu ngokugqamile efakwe mnyama.
I-Royal pheasant
Ama-Diamond pheasants (Amherst). Inyoni exotic ithathwa njengenye yezinhle kakhulu. Iboleka kahle ekuzaleni, ibhekana nesithwathwa, akunzima ukubanakekela. Inhlanganisela enkulu yemibala egqamile nesigqoko esimhlophe yenza ukuba uhlobo lubonakale. Ukuhlukahluka kwama-diamond pheasants kubonakala ekukhuliseni amaphuphu ngabazali bobabili.
Idayimane pheasant
I-golden pheasant. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nyoni ihlala eChina kuphela. Ubukhulu be-pheasant buncane phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene. Zigijima ngejubane, azikwazi ukundiza. I-pheasant yesilisa kuhlotshiswe ngophuzi obomvu ophuzi. Izimpaphe eziwolintshi ekhanda nasentanyeni. Abesifazane abanemibala e-grey-brown variegated ngemichiza, imivimbo. Amehlo nomlomo kunamachashaza awolintshi.
I-golden pheasant
Isiliva pheasant. Izinhlobonhlobo zasendle. Kukhiqizwa ngenhloso yokuhlobisa. Inyoni yombala okhethekile - izimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe ngomhlobiso obomvu ekhanda layo. Abesilisa bane-crest emakhanda abo. I-pheasant yesifazane nsundu nge-olive tinge ngezimpaphe. Ukuzala kubi. Epulazini, ama-subspecies alinganiselwa ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane, amasosha omzimba aqinile. Ingakhombisa ukuhlukumeza ezinye izinyoni.
Isiliva pheasant
Ipheasant enezindlebe ezinde. I-dimorphism yezocansi yabamele abathandwayo ayiphinyiswa. Isakhiwo esikhethekile somzimba ohlangene, isisindo esiqinile, umbala oqinile, izimpaphe zezindlebe ezidlulela ngale kwekhanda, umsila ofana nebhulashi, indawo ebomvu enesikhumba ezungeze amehlo iyizakhamizi zezakhamuzi zasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-India, China, Tibet. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezimhlophe, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nezinsundu zama-pheasants aleliwe. Iqhwa elimhlophe lithandwa kakhulu.
Ama-pheasants aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
I-pheasant e-brown eared
I-pheasant eluhlaza (yaseJapane). Kutholakala eziqhingini zaseKyushu, eHonshu, eShikoku. Inyoni kazwelonke yaseJapan, ibonakaliswe emalini engamaphepha, izikhumbuzo zamasiko. Ubungako bepheasant eluhlaza buncane kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, bunesisindo esingu-1.2 kg kuphela. Izimpaphe ze-Emerald zimboza isifuba, emuva kwenyoni, nsomi - intamo. Ama-pheasants ahlala ezindaweni ezinamagquma otshanini obude. Bavame ukudla amasimu etiye, izingadi, amasimu ezolimo.
I-pheasant eluhlaza
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
I-pheasant isabalale kakhulu ngenxa yokwethulwa kwezinyoni okusebenzayo nokuzivumelanisa nempumelelo. Indawo yokuhlala ihlanganisa izindawo ezisuka enhlonhlweni yase-Iberia ziye eJapan. ECaucasus, eTurkey, eChina, eVietnam, ePrimorsky Krai, eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, ukujwayela izinyoni kanye nokufuya kube yindawo evamile.
Le nyoni ihlala ezindaweni ezikhule ngokushesha ngotshani - amahlathi, izihlahlana, amadlelo otshani, izinhlangothi zamasimu ahlwanyelwe. Izihlahla ezinameva ziheha kakhulu - phakathi kwazo izinyoni zizizwa zivikelekile. Amahlathi eTugai, ugu lomhlanga yizindawo zokuhlala eziyizintandokazi zezinyoni ezikhanyayo.
Uma kwenzeka kuba yingozi, azindizeli eziqongweni zezihlahla, njengezinye izinyoni, kepha zigibela emahlathini angaweleki. Isilwane esikhulu ngeke sigibele ezihlahleni ezinameva. Imfuneko yendawo yokuhlala ukusondela kwedamu, ngakho-ke izinyoni zivame ukutholakala eduze kwamachibi, izindawo ezinamaxhaphozi, ezigodini zemifula. Ama-pheasants amelana nobusika, abekezelela kalula ubusika uma isembozo seqhwa singeqi ku-18-20 cm. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, izinyoni zihlala endaweni ephakeme engafika ku-2500 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
I-pheasant female yaseJapan
Umnikazi wezimpaphe ezikhanyayo kufanele acashe njalo emahlathini, ukuze angabi isisulu sezilwane ezizingelayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zicasha ezihlahleni, ziphumule phakathi kwamahlamvu. Zikhuphukela phezulu lapho zingakutholi ukudla phansi lapho kubanda. Emagatsheni, badla izithelo ezigciniwe.
Ama-pheasants aqaphele lapho ehlela phansi. Benza ngokushesha, ngokujikijela, ngokushesha bashintshe i-angle yokuhamba, bacashe emahlathini. Ijubane eligijimayo lama-pheasants liphula amarekhodi ngokuqhathaniswa nabanye abamele izinkukhu. Ukusheshisa, le nyoni ngokwemvelo ilula ikhanda, iphakamisa umsila.
I-pheasant inezitha eziningi zemvelo. Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni zizingelwa izimpungushe, ama-lynx, ama-cougars, izinja zasendle. Izidlakudla ezinezimpaphe ezinjengezikhova zokhozi noKlebe nazo ziyizitha zemvelo zamakhanka. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, abantu abangafika kuma-80% baba ngukudla kwabanye abantu basehlathini.
Ingozi ethile ivela kubantu. I-pheasant kudala yaba yinto yokuzingela ezentengiselwano nezemidlalo. Izinja eziqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ziyasiza, eziqhuba lo mdlalo emagatsheni ezihlahla, futhi ngesikhathi sokusuka, abazingeli badubula izinyoni. Ubukhulu besibalo sabantu sithonywa kakhulu yisimo sezulu. Ukulahleka kwemvelo kwezinyoni akunakugwenywa ebusika obuneqhwa kakhulu nesithwathwa.
Abantu basePheasant bayalulama ngenkuthalo. Ukufuya kwezinyoni zasekhaya, ukugcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izingane, ezindaweni ezivikelwe kudlala indima enkulu. Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu besibalo sabantu abubangeli ukukhathazeka.
I-fireback pheasant
Ama-pheasants yizinyoni ezifundayo ezihlala emaqenjini amakhulu abesilisa nabesifazane ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Izikhathi ezisebenzayo zokufuna ukudla ekuseni nakusihlwa. Izinyoni zithule, izwi lizwakala kuphela endizeni. Kungumsindo onzima, wesiteki ozwakala kude. Izinyoni zikhipha izimpawu ezikhethekile ngesikhathi sokufundisa.
Okuvamile i-pheasant, inyoni efudukayo noma cha, ebonwa yisifunda lapho uhlala khona. Ukuhlala phansi kuhlala kubaningi bezakhamuzi zezifunda ezinenala yokudla. Isikhathi sokufuduka emabangeni amancane siqala ngemuva kokuchamuselwa kwamachwane. Bese kuthi lapho kufunwa ukudla, izinyoni zitholakale ezindaweni ezingavamile.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Inyoni yomndeni wepheasant omnivorous. Ukudla kubuswa ukudla kwezitshalo, kepha ukwakheka kufaka nengxenye yesilwane: izikelemu, izicabucabu, amagundane, iminenke, izimvukuzane. Amachwane asanda kuzalwa ama-pheasants afinyelela enyangeni eyodwa ubudala athola kuphela ukudla kwezilwane kubazali babo.
Izitshalo ezingaphezu kwekhulu ziyathandeka kwi-pheasant. Imbewu, amajikijolo, amahlumela amancane, izithelo ziba ukudla. Izinyoni zithola ukudla ngokudwengula umhlabathi ngozipho. Bayagxuma, bandizele phansi ukuqoqa izithelo ezihlahleni ezinde nasezihlahleni. Emakhaya, ama-pheasants awathobeki ekudleni kwawo.
Okuphakelwa okuhle kakhulu ngudoti wokudla (ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokonakala), imifino (ukhova, idandelion). Izinyoni zijabulela izinhlanganisela zokusanhlamvu, imifino, izithelo, amajikijolo. Izimpaphe ezinhle kufanele zigcinwe ngezithasiselo zamaminerali (i-lime, ushoki, amagobolondo agayiwe). Ungaqala ukusebenza kwezitho zokugaya ukudla ngokungeza isihlabathi somfula esihlanzekile, amatshe amancane amancane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuhlangana sama-pheasants siqala entwasahlobo. Abesilisa babuyisa iziza zokukhwelana, babize abesifazane. Ukuvikelwa kwendawo yabo kwenzeka ngobudlova, ezimpini zezimbangi. Abesifazane bakha amaqembu amancane, lapho owesilisa ekhetha khona umbhangqwana.
Isidleke sePheasant esinamaqanda
Umdanso wokukhwelana uzibonakalisa ngokushaya amaphiko njalo, ukhulula inhlabathi, uphonsa imbewu, ukumemeza nokudlidliza kwezwi. Izindawo ezingenazimpiko ekhanda lowesilisa ziba bomvu. Uhamba ngokuzungezile okhethiwe, uhlaba umkhosi, uheha ukunakwa.
Abesifazane benza umsebenzi wokwakha isidleke. Imvamisa itholakala phansi phakathi kwezihlahla ezinameva, otshanini obukhulu. Amaqanda abekwa ngokushintshana, kanye ngosuku, amaqanda ayi-8-12 kuphela. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-22-25. Insikazi ayivamile ukushiya isidleke ukugcwalisa amandla ayo, isisindo sayo ngalesi sikhathi sehliswa ngesigamu. Indoda ayisizi ekunakekeleni inzalo. Uma i-clutch ibhujiswa ngumzingeli, khona-ke insikazi izalela amaqanda futhi, eduze nasekwindla.
Izingane ezichanyuselwe zilandela unina emahoreni ambalwa. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili bakulungele ukusuka, kepha badinga ukunakekelwa kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezi-2.5-3. Ezinyangeni ezineminyaka engu-7-8 ubudala bakulungele ukuba ngabazali.
Ichwane le-Pheasant
Impilo yama-pheasants emvelweni imfushane, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ihlala iminyaka eyi-6-7. Ekuthunjweni, lapho kungenazinsongo ezivela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, abazingeli, izinyoni zihlala cishe iminyaka eyi-15. Ngenxa yokuzala okusebenzayo, ama-pheasants asindile kusukela endulo kuze kube namuhla. Izinyoni ezinhle ziye zaqashelwa futhi zaziswa emhlabeni wonke.
