I-Grane crane - inyoni emini. Zinamathele kakhulu kubhangqa, zingakha isidleke endaweni eyodwa amahlandla amaningi. Shayelana omunye nomunye ngezingoma ezizwakalayo, ezitshiyozayo. Ziyafuduka, azikhethi ekudleni kwazo, zizivumelanisa ngokuphelele nezimo zezulu zendawo yazo nezici zokudla zale ndawo.
Incazelo, izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-crane ejwayelekile
Umbala walenyoni umpunga, kancane kancane uphenduka ube mnyama. Ikhanda limnyama, kepha umugqa omhlophe wehla usuka emakhoneni wamehlo ezinhlangothini zekhanda nentamo. Azikho izimpaphe engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda, isikhumba kule ndawo sibomvu, sinezinwele ezinhle.
I-grey crane iyinyoni enesilinganiso eside futhi enkulu, enobude obungu-110 kuya ku-130 cm.Isisindo somuntu sisuka ku-5.5 kuye ku-7 kg. Iphiko lingamasentimitha angama-56 kuye kwangama-65 ubude, ubude obugcwele busuka kumasentimitha angu-180 kuye kwangama-240. Naphezu kobungako bawo, i-crane ayindizeli ngokushesha, ngisho nangezindiza ezithile zonyaka.
Intamo yinde, ikhanda alilikhulu, uqhwaku lufinyelela ku-30 cm, luhlaza okotshani, kancane kancane luphendukela ekukhanyeni. Amehlo aphakathi nendawo, ansundu ngokumnyama. Amajita ahlukile ezinyoni ezindala ngombala, izimpaphe zezilwane ezincane zimpunga ngokubomvu, akukho ndawo ebomvu ekhanda. Izinyoni ziqala ukundiza ngokuqala ukugijima, imilenze nenhloko kusendizeni efanayo, emakhazeni izitho zingagobeka.
Kuboniswe ama-cranes ampunga ekwindla
Indawo eyinhloko ye-crane isenyakatho nentshonalanga yeYurophu, enyakatho yeMongolia naseChina. Imihlambi emincane ingatholakala e-Altai Territory. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ama-cranes ajwayelekile esidlekeni eTibet nakwezinye izindawo zaseTurkey.
Ngesikhathi sasebusika esibandayo, ama-cranes afudukela kancane emazweni anezimo zezulu ezifudumele nezifudumele. Iningi labantu lithuthela ebusika e-Afrika, eMesopotamia nase-Iran. Zijwayele ukuthuthela eNdiya, eminye imihlambi ithuthela eningizimu yeYurophu naseCaucasus.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yegrey crane
Izidleke zama-Cranes ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi kanye nasogwini olunamanzi amaningi. Kwesinye isikhathi izidleke ze-crane zitholakala eduze kwamasimu ahlwanyelwe. Kunoma ikuphi, izinyoni zakha izidleke endaweni evikelekile.
Ama-cranes akha imvuthu cishe endaweni efanayo; kwesinye isikhathi isidleke esidala siyasetshenziswa futhi, noma ngabe sabhujiswa ngonyaka odlule. Baqala ukwakha izidleke kusenesikhathi, vele ekupheleni kukaMashi izinyoni ziqala ukwakha isidleke esisha noma ukuhlela isidleke esidala.
Ukuhlangana kwezinyoni kungaba ngaphakathi kwe-1 km ukusuka komunye nomunye, kepha kaningi leli banga likhulu kakhulu. Ebusika, bakhetha amagquma, ezimileni eziminyene. Kubantu abadala, i-molt yenzeka minyaka yonke, ngemuva kwesikhathi sokufukamela amaqanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni ziphelelwa amandla okundiza, ziya kude ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo.
Izimpaphe eziyinhloko zikhula ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, kanti okuncanyana okuncanyana kukhula kancane kancane, ngisho nasebusika. Abantu abasha bayancibilika ngendlela ehlukile, bashintsha izimpaphe phakathi neminyaka emibili, kepha lapho sebekhulile bavuthwa ngokuphelele sebekhulile.
TO izici ezithakazelisayo zempunga crane kungabangelwa yizwi elikhulu, ngenxa yemisindo yecilongo elitshiyozayo, ama-cranes angabizana phakathi kwebanga elingamakhilomitha ama-2, noma ngabe umuntu angawezwa lamazwi ebangeni elikhudlwana.
Ngosizo lwezwi, ama-cranes ayabizana, axwayise ngengozi, futhi abize umlingani wabo phakathi nemidlalo yokukhwelana. Ngemuva kokutholwa kwezithandani, imisindo eyenziwe yaguqulwa yaba yingoma, eyenziwa ngokushintshana ngabo bobabili abalingani.
Ukondliwa kwe-crane ejwayelekile
Lezi zinyoni zithanda omnivorous. Ukudla okuyinhloko ngesikhathi sokukhwelana nokufukamela kwamaqanda yizikelemu, izinambuzane ezinkulu, amagundane ahlukahlukene, izinyoka namaxoxo. Ama-cranes avame ukudla izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Ukudla kwezinyoni kunothe ngokudla okuvela emithini. Izinyoni zidla izimpande, iziqu, amajikijolo namaqabunga. Kwesinye isikhathi zondla ngama-acorn. Kuyingozi emasimini ahlwanyelwe, uma izidleke ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kungadala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni ezivuthayo, ikakhulukazi okusanhlamvu.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwesikhathi sokuphila segrey crane
Ama-cranes ampunga angenye yezinyoni ezimbalwa ezi-monogamous. Imvamisa, ngemuva kokwakheka kombhangqwana, inyunyana ihlala impilo yonke. Isizathu sokuwa kwe-tandem kungaba kuphela ukufa komunye wama-cranes.
Imvamisa imibhangqwana iyahlukana ngenxa yochungechunge lwemizamo engaphumelelanga yokuthola inzalo. Izinyoni zivuthwa ngokocansi ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Izilwane ezisencane azifukanyeli amaqanda. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhwelana, ama-crane alungisa indawo yokwakha izidleke. Isidleke sakhiwe safika ku-1 m ububanzi futhi siqukethe amagatsha agoqwe ngokulingene, umhlanga, umhlanga nobulembu.
Ngemuva kwemikhuba yokukhwelana, owesifazane uyaqhubeka nokubamba. Ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, izinyoni zimboza izimpaphe ngodaka nasodakeni, lokhu kuzinika ithuba lokuthi zingabonakali kangako ngesikhathi zifukamela.
Esithombeni kukhona owesilisa nowesifazane we-grey crane
Isibalo samaqanda cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi si-2, kuyaqabukela ukuthi amaqanda ayi-1 noma ama-3 abambe. Isikhathi sokufukamela siyizinsuku ezingama-31, bobabili abazali bayafukamela amaphuphu, owesilisa ungene esikhundleni sowesifazane ngesikhathi sokudla. Sonke isikhathi sokufukamela, owesilisa akasuki kude nesidleke futhi uvikela njalo inzalo engozini. Amaqanda ama-cranes ajwayelekile anomumo oblong, ancishisiwe phezulu. Umbala weqanda ngumnqumo onsundu onamabala abomvu. Isisindo kusuka ku-160 kuya ku-200 g, ubude kuze kufike ku-10 cm.
Esithombeni, iphuphu lokuqala le-crane empunga, elesibili liseqanda
Ekupheleni kwethemu, amatshwele achamisela ngezimpaphe ezibukeka njenge-fluff. Cishe ngokushesha, zingashiya isidleke isikhashana. Izimpaphe ezigcwele ezinganeni zikhula cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-70, ngemuva kwalokho zingandiza ngokuzimela. Izinyoni cranes grey endle baphila kusuka eminyakeni engama-30 kuya kwengu-40. Ngokumangazayo, kepha ekuthunjweni ngokunakekelwa okufanele, bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-80.
Esithombeni, intshontsho le-crane elimpunga, elondliwa enkulisa ngosizo lomama wokuzenzela, ukuze lingajwayeli abantu
Abamele lolu hlobo babhekwa njengokujwayelekile, kepha inani labo lehla ngokumangalisayo. I-crane empunga encwadini ebomvu hhayi ohlwini, kodwa ivikelwe yi-World Conservation Union.
Ukwehla okubukhali kwenani labantu ikakhulu kungenxa yokwehla kwensimu yokwakha isidleke ngokugcwele nokuzala. Izindawo ezinamachibi ziya ngokuya zincipha ngenxa yokoma noma amanzi okufakelwa.
Esithombeni, ubaba ompunga we-crane onenzalo
