Le nyoni enhle yezingoma isakhamuzi sakwamanye amazwe akude kakhulu. I-blue jay inobuqili, i-nosy futhi inobuciko obumangazayo - ilingisa kalula noma imiphi imisindo, iphazamisa ukunaka kwezinye izinyoni ekudleni okutholakele.
Incazelo ye-blue jay
Inyoni, kanye ne-Steller enekhanda elimnyama elinsundu, imele uhlobo lweCyanocitta (blue jays), ilungu lomndeni we-corvid... Isici esivelele salolu hlobo uhlobo olude, olukhanyayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, sibonga inyoni ebizwa ngokuthi iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi i-crested, noma, kucatshangelwa uhla, i-jay yaseNyakatho Melika.
Ukubukeka
Ngenxa yokubizwa kwe-dimorphism ngokobulili, abesilisa ngokwesiko bakhulu kunabesifazane, kepha umehluko phakathi kobulili awusebenzi kumbala - izimpaphe eziphezulu zabesilisa nabesifazane ziphonsa umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Labo ababephethe ujay ezandleni zabo bathi umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka umane uyinkohliso ebonakalayo. Ukukhanya kuphinda kuphume ekwakhekeni kwangaphakathi kwezimpaphe, kuzinike ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okucima ngokushesha nje lapho uphaphe luwile.
Ama-jay amadala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akhula afike ku-25-29 cm (ngomsila olingana no-11-13 cm), ngaphandle kokwelula ngaphezu kwama-70-100 g. Amaphiko e-jay eluhlaza asondela kumasentimitha angama-34-43. I-crest igqamile ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpaphe ezingaphansi kwesihlangu zipendwe ngombala omnyama. Amatomu, uqhwaku nohlaka oluyisiyingi oluzungeze amehlo kudwetshiwe ngombala ofanayo. Umphimbo, izihlathi kanye nangaphansi komzimba kumhlophe mpunga.
Amaphethelo womsila amhlophe, anamabala amhlophe akhanyayo abonakala ezimpikweni / emsileni. I-North jay inomsila ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezimpaphe zokundiza, eziwela ngemivimbo emnyama eguqukayo. Le nyoni inamehlo amnyama futhi acwebezelayo, imilenze emnyama empunga kanye nomlomo oqinile, ohlukanisa ngayo kalula imbewu eboshwe egobolondweni eliqinile.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
UMark Twain wake wahlekisa ngokuthi ama-jay aluhlaza abizwa ngokuthi izinyoni kuphela ngoba anezimpaphe futhi awahambi esontweni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, afana nabantu ngokuqinile: abuye akhohlise, afunge futhi akhohlise kuzo zonke izinyathelo.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-jay eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ivame ukulingisa ukukhala okukhulu kukaklebe ukuxosha izimbangi zayo zokudla, kufaka phakathi i-Florida bush jays, i-woodpeckers, ama-starlings, kanye nezingwejezi ezimpunga, ezivela kumuntu odla amahlathi. Kuyiqiniso, leli qhinga alihlali isikhathi eside: ngemuva kwesikhashana, omakhelwane abakhohlisiwe bayabuya.
Ama-jays aseCrested anokuphila komphakathi okusebenzayo, okungakhawulelwe ezinyunyaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zakha amaqembu emindeni noma imihlambi emincane, zixhumana zodwa ngezwi noma ngolimi lomzimba, noma kunalokho, ngosizo lwendawo yazo enhle. Izimpaphe ze-crest, eziqondiswe phambili, zisho ngokumangala noma injabulo, ngentukuthelo enqwabelene - ukuma kwayo okuqondile.
Lapho wethukile, isicu sikhukhumala njengebhulashi lokugeza izitsha... I-jay eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yi-onomatopoeic ephelele. Isikhali sakhe sokucula siqukethe imisindo eminingi eyake yezwakala emvelweni, kusuka emiculweni ethule kuze kube semgqonyeni wepompo eligqwalayo.
UJay uyakwazi ukushaya amakhwela, amemeze (alingise izinyoni ezidla ezinye), alingise izinsimbi ezikhalayo, anciphise (ukuxwayisa ngengozi), ukukhonkotha, ukugunda noma ukukhala. UJay ovalelwe ikheji ngokushesha ufunda ukukhiqiza inkulumo yomuntu. AmaJays awagcini ngokwazisa bonke abahlali basehlathini ngokusondela kwesitha: imvamisa izinyoni ziyahlangana ukumhlasela ngokubambisana.
Kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba, umuntu omdala waseNyakatho Melika ujays molt, nezilwane ezincane i-molt yokuqala yenzeka ekupheleni kwehlobo. Ngesikhathi se-molting, bona, njengezinyoni eziningi, bahlela inqubo ebizwa nge-anting: bageza entuthwaneni noma ezintuthwaneni ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zabo. Yile ndlela izinyoni ezisusa ngayo izimuncagazi. Iningi lama-jay aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlala enyakatho yezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezindizayo aya ebusika ezifundeni eziseningizimu. Ezindizeni, ezivame ukwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba mnyama, izinyoni zihlangana ngobuningi (kuze kube yizinkulungwane ezi-3 zabantu) kanye nemihlambi emincane (5-50 yabantu).
Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani ama-jays aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?
Isikhathi sokuphila samaJay aseNyakatho Melika sisukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwengu-18.
Indawo yokuhlala
AmaBlue jays ahlala cishe isigamu sezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika, ehlala ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisempumalanga ye-United States naseCanada. Ububanzi be-jay crested, obubizwa nge-Blue Jay ezweni lakubo, bufinyelela eGulf of Mexico. Entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika, indawo ye-jay eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlobene kakhulu nobubanzi bezinhlobo ezihlobene, iSteller enekhanda elimnyama elimpunga.
Njengamanje, ama-subspecies ama-4 we-crested jay achazwa, ahlukaniswa, phakathi kokunye, ngendawo yawo yokusabalalisa:
- ICyanocitta cristata bromia - uhlala eNewfoundland, eNyakatho Canada, eNyakatho Dakota, eMissouri naseNebraska;
- ICyanocitta cristata cyanotephra - Kutholakala eNebraska, Kansas, Wyoming, Colorado, Oklahoma, naseTexas;
- ICyanocitta cristata cristata - uhlala eKentucky, Virginia, Missouri, Tennessee, North Carolina, Florida, Illinois naseTexas;
- ICyanocitta cristata semplei - uhlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yeFlorida.
Ijay yaseNyakatho Melika incamela ukuhlala emahlathini ashubile, imvamisa ngokuxubekile (oki ne-beech), kepha kwesinye isikhathi, ikakhulukazi entshonalanga yebanga, ihlala ezihlahleni eziminyene noma emahlathini ompayini owomile. Ijay ayibesabi abantu futhi ayinqeni ukwakha izidleke ezindaweni zokuhlala, lapho kunezindawo zepaki nezingadi. Izinyoni ezihlala enyakatho yebanga zikhulu kunezihlobo zazo "eziseningizimu".
Ukudla okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ukuziphatha kokudla kwe-jay e-crested kukhombisa ukungabi namandla kwayo, impudence (kuthatha ukudla kwezinye izinyoni) nokungabikho kokunengeka (kudla inyama).
Ukudla kwe-jay eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuqukethe zombili imifino (kufika kuma-78%) nokuphakelwa kwezilwane (22%):
- ama-acorn namajikijolo;
- imbewu nezithelo;
- amantongomane e-beech;
- izintethe nezibungu;
- amabhungane, izicabucabu kanye nama-centipedes;
- amatshwele kanye namaqanda ezinyoni;
- amagundane, amaxoxo kanye nezibankwa.
AmaJays ahlala ekhaya ekudleni kwesitolo sasebusika ngokucindezela ama-acorn / imbewu ngaphansi kwegxolo noma amaqabunga awile, kanye nokukungcwaba emhlabathini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngesinye isikhathi, le nyoni ikwazi ukuletha ama-acorn amahlanu etafuleni lasebusika, amathathu alo abamba isivuno, eyesine emlonyeni wayo, neyesihlanu ngomlomo wayo. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, i-jay eyodwa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ivuna ama-acorn angama-3-5 ayizinkulungwane.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngokushesha nje lapho imfudumalo ifika ehlathini: enyakatho yebanga, imvamisa kuba ngoMeyi-Juni. Ezinyonini eziseningizimu, ukuzalanisa kwenzeka kabili ngonyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-jays anomsindo ayahlala phansi ukuze anganiki umhlaseli indawo yawo yokwakha isidleke. Isidleke sakhiwa ngabazali bobabili, siphula izinduku eziya ohlakeni ngqo ezihlahleni ezikhulayo. Isidleke sivame ukutholakala kwimfoloko emagatsheni e-lateral yezihlahla ze-coniferous / deciduous endaweni ephakeme okungenani ye-3-10 m.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Inyoni yaseNightingale
- Inyoni ye-Robin noma i-robin
- I-Siskin (lat. Carduelis spinus)
- I-Finch (Fringílla coélebs)
Uhlaka (olufinyelela ku-20 cm ububanzi futhi lufike ku-10 cm ukuphakama) luhlanganiswe nezimpande namahlumela, ama-jays athola eduze, emiseleni naseceleni kwezihlahla. Izinyoni zivame "usimende" izinto zokwakha ngomhlaba noma ngobumba, zifaka ezansi ngofele, uboya, utshani, amaqabunga, iphepha kanye nezidwedwe.
Ngaphambi kokuba ukwakhiwa kwesidleke esikhulu kuqedwe, ama-jay amaningi angeziwe ayakhiwa - lokhu kuyingxenye yesiko lokukhwelana. Enye into ephoqelekile yokuqomisa owesifazane ukondla kwakhe. Uhlala egatsheni, alingise iphuphu elambile, futhi amukele ukudla kowesilisa okundiza kuye.
Kuyathakazelisa! Insikazi izalela amaqanda amabili kuya kwangu-7 (ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamabala ansundu), uwafukamele izinsuku eziyi-16-18. I-jay eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyakwazi ukusishiya unomphela isidleke uma itholwe ngumzingeli.
Izinsana azisizi ngalutho futhi aziboni. Abazali abagcini nje ngokubondla futhi babaqaphe, kodwa futhi babashise futhi babahlanze. Ngosuku lwesihlanu, amaphuphu avula amehlo awo, ngolwesishiyagalombili, izimpaphe zokuqala zidabula phakathi.
Umama uyandiza ayofuna ukudla lapho inzalo inezinsuku eziyi-8-12 ubudala... Usuku noma ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhamba okuzimele, amaphuphu asevele ehamba emagatsheni, kepha awasishiyi isidleke ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-4,5. Amabele ashiya isidleke sabazali izinsuku eziyi-17-21, angahambi ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-20. abazali kuze kube sekwindla, ekugcineni bephule izibopho zomndeni ebusika.
Izitha zemvelo
Okhoba abakhulu nezikhova bayizitha zemvelo zama-jay aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ama-jays aseNyakatho Melika alusizo ngokuqeda izinambuzane zasehlathini (May mabhungane, ama-weevils kanye nezibungu) nangokusabalalisa imbewu / ama-acorn. Kodwa ukulimala kwalezi zinyoni kuyinto enkulu - zibhubhisa minyaka yonke izidleke zezinyoni ezincane, zikhipha amaqanda azo futhi zibulale amatshwele.
Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN lubala i-jay eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka “njengezinhlobo ezingakhathazwa kangako” njengoba okwamanje ingasongelwa.
