Ukhozi olugolide lumelele kakhulu uhlobo lwezinkozi (i-Aquila). Le nyoni edla inyama isatshalaliswa cishe kuyo yonke iNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Uyakwazi ukuhlala kunoma yikuphi ukubukeka komhlaba, kokubili ezintabeni nasezigodini. Kodwa-ke, yize kunekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zangaphandle, izinkozi zegolide ziyanyamalala kancane kancane futhi zibe olunye lwezinhlobo ezingavamile.
Incazelo yokhozi lwegolide
Izici zobuntu bokhozi olusagolide olwehlukanisa namanye amalungu omndeni wokhozi ubukhulu, umbala kanye nokuma kobuso obungemuva bezimpiko.
Ukubukeka
Ukhozi olusagolide luyinyoni enkulu kakhulu... Ubude bomzimba benyoni endala bungu-85 cm, amaphiko angu-180-240 cm, isisindo siyahluka kusuka ku-2.8 kuye ku-4.6 kg kwabesilisa naku-3.8 kuye ku-6.7 kg kwabesifazane. Uqhwaku lujwayelekile okhozini oluningi - oluphakeme, olugobile, olubhebhe kusuka ezinhlangothini. Izimpiko zinde futhi zibanzi, zithinta kancane zibheke esisekelweni, okunika indawo yangemuva ukugoba okumise okwe-S - isici esenza sikwazi ukubona ukhozi olusagolide lundiza. Umsila mude, uyindilinga, uphephezela endizeni. Izidladla zezinkozi zegolide zinkulu kakhulu futhi zicishe zambozwa ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe.
Izimpaphe zenyoni endala zinombala omnyama-nsundu ngombala, imvamisa zinombala wegolide ngemuva kwekhanda nentamo. Abesifazane nabesilisa banemibala efanayo. Ezinganeni, izimpaphe zimnyama, cishe zimnyama, zinamabala amhlophe "wesiginali" ezinhlangothini ezingenhla nezingezansi zamaphiko. Futhi, izinyoni ezincane zihlukaniswa ngomsila okhanyayo onomugqa omnyama onqenqemeni. Lo mbala uwahlukanisa nezinkozi ezindala zegolide futhi uwavikele ekuhlaselweni kwawo - lezi zinyoni azikubekezeleli ukuba khona kwabafokazi endaweni yabo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isici sezinkozi zegolide ngamehlo abo abukhali ngokwedlulele. Ziyakwazi ukubona unogwaja ogijimayo ukusuka ebangeni elingamakhilomitha amabili. Ngasikhathi sinye, imisipha yamehlo ekhethekile igxilisa ilensi entweni, ivimbela inyoni ekulahlekelweni yiyo, inani elikhulu lamaseli azwela ngokukhanya esweni (izigaxa nezinduku) linikeza isithombe esicace bha.
Izinkozi ezisagolide ziyahluka kwezinye izinyoni futhi ngoba zinamandla okuhlukanisa imibala, kanye nokubona okubonakalayo - amandla okuhlanganisa izithombe kusuka kuwo womabili amehlo ndawonye, kwakheke umphumela wobukhulu obuthathu. Lokhu kubasiza ukuba balinganisele ibanga lesisulu ngokunemba ngangokunokwenzeka.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Izinkozi ezindala zegolide yizinyoni ezihlala zodwa... Amabili ezinkozi ezindala zegolide angahlala endaweni ethile yensimu iminyaka eminingana. Lezi zinyoni azizibekezeleli ezinye izidalwa ezisendaweni yazo. Akukho ukuxhumana okuhlangene phakathi kwabo. Ngasikhathi sinye, lezi zinyoni zakha ngazimbili eziqinile eziphikelela kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yazo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphandle kokuthi izinkozi zegolide azijwayele ukuxhumana nabantu, kwezinye izindawo (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia) kunesiko lokuzingela ngalezi zinyoni.
Futhi abazingeli bayakwazi ukuzithambisa ngempumelelo - yize kunjalo, ngenxa yobukhulu namandla ayo, ukhozi olugolide lungaba yingozi ngisho nakubantu. Kodwa-ke, izinyoni ezikhulisiwe azizami ukuhlasela abazingeli futhi zize zibonise uthando oluthile ngazo.
Zihlala isikhathi esingakanani izinkozi zegolide
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isilinganiso sobude besikhathi sokhozi lwegolide yiminyaka engama-23. Le nyoni iba mdala ngokuphelele lapho iba neminyaka eyisithupha, kepha imvamisa izinkozi zegolide ziqala ukuzala sezineminyaka emine noma emihlanu.
Kuma-zoo, lezi zinyoni zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50.
Izinhlobo zezinkozi zegolide
Ama-subspecies ezinkozi zegolide ayahluka ngokuya ngosayizi nombala wawo. Namuhla, ama-subspecies ayisithupha ayaziwa, kepha iningi lawo alifundwa ngenxa yokutholakala kwezinyoni uqobo kanye nobunzima bokuzibuka.
- Ama-Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos ahlala kulo lonke elase-Eurasia, ngaphandle kweNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Yizinsizakalo ezingaphansi.
- I-Aquila chrysaetus daphanea isatshalaliswa kuyo yonke i-Asia Ephakathi, kufaka phakathi iPakistan ne-India; ihlukaniswa ngombala omnyama obonakalisiwe ku "cap" emnyama, futhi izimpaphe ze-occipital nezentamo azilona igolide, kodwa nsundu.
- U-Aquila chrysaetus homeyeri uhlala ezintabeni cishe kulo lonke elase-Eurasia, kusukela eScotland kuye ePamirs. Ngokwesilinganiso, ilula kancane kunezinkozi zegolide zaseSiberia, “inesigqoko” esibonakala kahle ekhanda.
- U-Aquila chrysaetus japonica uhlala eziQhingini zaseSouth Kuril futhi akazange afundwe kahle ngokwanele.
- I-Aquila chrysaetus kamtschatica ivame eMpumalanga yeSiberia ..
- I-Aquila chrysaetus canadensis isatshalaliswa cishe kuyo yonke iNyakatho Melika.
Indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala
Indawo yokwakha ukhozi olusagolide ibanzi ngokwedlulele... Le nyoni itholakala cishe kuyo yonke iNyakatho Nenkabazwe. ENyakatho Melika, ihlala cishe kulo lonke izwekazi (ikhetha ingxenye esentshonalanga). E-Afrika - enyakatho yezwekazi ukusuka eMorocco kuya eTunisia, kanye nasendaweni yoLwandle Olubomvu. EYurophu itholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezintaba - eScotland, e-Alps, eCarpathians, eRhodope, eCaucasus, enyakatho yeScandinavia, kanye nasezindaweni eziyizicaba zamazwe aseBaltic naseRussia. E-Asia, ukhozi olusagolide lusabalele eTurkey, e-Altai, ezintabeni zaseSayan, futhi luhlala nasemithambekeni eseningizimu yamaHimalaya nasesiqhingini saseHonshu.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokuhlala kunqunywa inhlanganisela yezici eziningana: ukuba khona kwamatshe noma izihlahla ezinde zokuhlela isidleke, indawo evulekile yokuzingela, nokuba khona kwesisekelo sokudla (imvamisa amagundane amakhulu). Ngokuhlaliswa kabusha komuntu nokwanda kwenani lendawo ayisebenzisayo, ukungabi bikho kwezinto eziseduze zomsebenzi wabantu kanye nabantu uqobo kubaluleke kakhulu. Endle, izinkozi zegolide zizwela kakhulu ekuphazamisweni kwabantu.
Indawo ekahle yokhozi olusagolide yisigodi sezintaba, kepha lezi zinyoni zingahlala etundraweni nasehlathini-ehlathini, emathafeni ngisho nasehlathini lapho kunezindawo ezincane ezivulekile. Okuwukuphela kohlobo lwendawo engahambelani nokhozi olusagolide yihlathi eliminyene. Ngenxa yamaphiko ayo amakhulu, ukhozi olusagolide alukwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwezihlahla futhi luzingele ngempumelelo.
Ukudla kwokhozi lwegolide
Izinkozi zegolide yizilwane ezizingelayo ukudla kwazo okuyinhloko kunamagundane amakhulu: izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, izimbila, izimbila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bayazi ukuthi bangajwayela kalula kanjani izimo zendawo ethile: isibonelo, eRussia, izinkozi zegolide zizingela amagundane amancane nezinye izinyoni, naseBulgaria - ngezimfudu.
Izinkozi zegolide zihlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi ziyakwazi ukuhlasela isitha esikhudlwana futhi esinamandla: kunezigameko eziningi zokuhlaselwa kwezimpisi, izinyamazane, oKlebe; ezifundeni ezinamathafa, izinkozi zegolide zisetshenziselwa ukuzingela izinsephe. Ukhozi olusagolide oluhlala eduze nendawo okuhlala kuyo abantu lungahlasela imfuyo, ikakhulukazi ebusika, lapho amagundane elele. Futhi, ngenkathi ebandayo, izinyoni eziningi (ikakhulukazi ezincane) zondla izidumbu.
Inyoni endala idinga i-1.5 kg yenyama ngosuku, kepha uma kunesidingo, ukhozi lwegolide lungahamba ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside kakhulu - kuze kube amasonto amahlanu.
Izitha zemvelo
Ukhozi olusagolide lungolwezilwane eziphakeme kakhulu, okusho ukuthi lunesikhundla esiphakeme kakhulu ochungechungeni lokudla futhi alunazitha zemvelo. Okuwukuphela kosongo olukhulu kuye yindoda - hhayi kangako ngenxa yokuqothulwa, kepha ngoba ezindaweni ezihlala abantu, izinkozi zegolide azihlali futhi azizali, kepha uma ziphazanyiswa, zikwazi ngisho nokuphonsa isidleke ngamaphuphu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Imidlalo yokukhwelana yezinkozi zegolide iqala ngokuphela kwenkathi ebandayo - kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli, kuya ngobubanzi. Ukuziphatha okukhombisa ngalesi sikhathi kuyisici sabesilisa nabesifazane. Izinyoni zenza izibalo ezahlukahlukene zasemoyeni, okuphawuleka kakhulu futhi okuthakazelisa kakhulu yizindiza ezibizwa ngokuthi yi "openwork" indiza - njengoba isikhuphukele endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, le nyoni idlulela esiqongweni esikhulu, bese kuthi endaweni ephansi kakhulu iguqule isiqondiso sokunyakaza iphinde ivuke futhi. Indiza ye- "fishnet" ingenziwa yilungu elilodwa lalaba ababili noma bobabili.
Ensimini yalo, izinkozi ezimbili zegolide zinezidleke eziningana, ezisetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Inani lezidleke ezinjalo lingafinyelela kwayishumi nambili, kepha imvamisa kusetshenziswa ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ngamunye wabo usetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi futhi uyavuselelwa futhi uqedwe minyaka yonke.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinkozi zegolide yizinyoni ezizodwa. Isilinganiso seminyaka ekuqaleni kokuzala kabusha yiminyaka emi-5; ngasikhathi sinye izinyoni zivame ukwakha ngazimbili unomphela.
I-clutch ingaqukatha eqandeni elilodwa kuya kwamathathu (imvamisa amabili). Owesifazane ubandakanyeka ekufukameleni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa angamfaka esikhundleni sakhe. Amachwane achanyuselwa ngezikhathi zezinsuku ezimbalwa - imvamisa ngokulandelana lapho amaqanda abekwa khona. Inkukhu endala, njengomthetho, iyona enolaka kakhulu - iluma abancane, ayivumeli ukuba badle, kuvame ukubonwa amacala we-kainism - ukubulawa kwenkukhu encane yinkukhu endala, kwesinye isikhathi ukudla komuntu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, owesifazane akaphazamisi okwenzekayo.
Amachwane akhuphuka ephikweni enezinsuku ezineminyaka engama-65-80 ubudala, kuya ngama-subspecies nesifunda, kepha-ke, ahlala endaweni yesidleke izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Namuhla, ukhozi olusagolide lubhekwa njengenyoni engajwayelekile futhi lubhalwe kuRed Book, kepha-ke, ingeyetekisi elinobungozi obuncane kakhulu, ngoba inani lalo lihlala lizinzile, futhi eminyakeni yamuva belilokhu landa kancane kancane. Usongo olukhulu kulezi zinhlobo luvela kubantu.... Ngekhulu le-18 nele-19, lezi zinyoni zadutshulwa ngenhloso, njengoba zachitha imfuyo (ngakho-ke izinkozi zegolide zacishe zaqothulwa ngokuphelele eJalimane).
Ngekhulu lama-20, bafa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezibulala-zinambuzane - ngokuba phezulu kochungechunge lokudla, izinkozi zegolide zaziqoqa ngokushesha izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni, okwaholela ekutheni kube nokukhubazeka ekukhuleni kombungu nasekufeni kwamatshwele angakachanyuselwa. Njengamanje, usongo olukhulu enanini lezinyoni ukuhlala ezindaweni ezilungele ukwakhiwa izidleke ngabantu kanye nokunyamalala kwezinyoni namagundane amakhulu, okuwukudla kwezinkozi zegolide, ngenxa yemisebenzi yazo.
Namuhla, emazweni amaningi akha indawo yokhozi lwegolide, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokulondoloza nokubuyisa inani lalezi zinhlobo. Ngakho-ke, eRussia naseKazakhstan, ukhozi lwegolide lufakiwe kuRed Data Books yesifunda. Izindawo zokwakha izidleke zezinkozi zegolide zivikelwe yizindawo zemvelo. Kuphela endaweni yaseRussia, le nyoni ihlala eziqiwini ezingamashumi amabili. Izinkozi zegolide zingahlala ema-zoo, kepha kuyaqabukela zizalele ekuthunjweni.
Ukuzingela izinkozi zegolide akuvumelekile yonke indawo.
