UDorado - enye yezinhlanzi ezizithandayo zabahlali ngokunambitheka kwayo okuphezulu. Futhi ngenxa yokukhululeka kokulinywa kwayo okufakelwayo, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ziyanda izinhlanzi zithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuze iqale ukusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kwamanye amazwe. UDorado uyaziwa naseRussia.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Dorado
Ukhokho omkhulu wezinhlanzi uneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500 ubudala. Le yipikaya - amasentimitha amaningana ubude, yayingenamaphiko, ngakho-ke kwakudingeka igobise umzimba wayo ukuze ibhukude. Izinhlanzi zasendulo zazifana nayo: kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-100, kwavela abasebenza ngemisebe - iDorado ingeyabo. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvela kwazo, lezi zinhlanzi zishintshe kakhulu, futhi izinhlobo zasendulo zasendulo zafa, futhi, inzalo yabo esondelene kakhulu yakwazi ukuphela. Inhlanzi yokuqala ye-teleost yavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-200 eyedlule, kepha izinhlobo ezihlala eMhlabeni manje zenzeka kamuva kakhulu, ingxenye eyinhloko ngemuva kwesikhathi seCretaceous.
Ividiyo: UDorado
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ukuvela kwezinhlanzi kwahamba ngokushesha okukhulu kunakuqala, ukucwaswa kwasebenza. Izinhlanzi zaba izingcweti zolwandle nezilwandle. Yize ingxenye enkulu yazo nayo yafa - ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezihlala kukholamu lamanzi zasinda, kwathi lapho izimo zithuthuka, zaqala ukunwebela emuva ngaphezulu. UDorado wayengomunye wabokuqala emndenini wakwa-spar - mhlawumbe ngisho nowokuqala. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka ngamazinga ezinhlanzi kungekudala, ekuqaleni kwe-Eocene, okungukuthi, eminyakeni engaphezulu kancane kwezigidi ezingama-55 edlule - umndeni wonkana usemncane, futhi izinhlobo ezintsha kuwo zaqhubeka nokwakheka kwaze kwaba yisikhathi se-Quaternary.
Incazelo yesayensi yezinhlobo ze-dorado yenziwa nguKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758, igama lesiLatini lithi Sparus aurata. Kuvela kuye ukuthi kuvela amanye amagama amabili, eyaziwa ngayo le nhlanzi: i-spar yegolide - akukho okungaphezu kokuhumusha okuvela esiLatin nase-aurata.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-dorado
Uhlobo lwezinhlanzi alukhumbuleki: lunomzimba oyisicaba, futhi ubude balo buphinda kathathu ukuphakama kwalo - okungukuthi, ubukhulu bufana ne-carp crucian. Ikhanda linephrofayili eyehlelayo enamehlo phakathi nendawo nomlomo onesitshe esibheke phansi esitshekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlanzi zihlala zibukeka sengathi azigculisekile ngokuthile. Ikhula ngobude kuze kufike ku-60-70 cm, kanti isisindo singafinyelela ku-14-17 kg. Kepha lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka, kuphela kulezo zimo lapho idorado iphila khona kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-8-11. Isisindo esijwayelekile senhlanzi esikhulile ngu-1.5-3 kg.
Umbala wedorado umpunga okhanyayo, izikali ziyacwebezela. Ingemuva limnyama kunomzimba wonke. Isisu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, silula, sicishe sibe mhlophe. Kunolayini omncane ohlangothini, ubonakala ngokusobala eduze kwekhanda, kepha ngokuhamba kancane ulandelwa kancane kancane, futhi ucaciselwe ngasemsileni. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabona eminye imigqa emnyama egijima emzimbeni wenhlanzi. Ekhanda elimnyama, kunendawo yegolide etholakala phakathi kwamehlo. Ezinganeni, kungahle kungabonakali kahle, noma kungabonakali nhlobo, kepha ngeminyaka kubonakala ngokusobala.
UDorado unemigqa eminingana yamazinyo, ngaphambili unamazinyo anamandla, akhombisa indlela yokuphila yokudla. Amazinyo angemuva mancane kunamazinyo angaphambili. Imihlathi iyelula kancane, engezansi imfushane kunaleyo engenhla. Isiphetho se-caudal sihlukaniswe kabili, sinama-lobes amnyama; maphakathi nendawo kukhona umngcele omnyama kakhulu. Kukhona umbala obomvana obonakalayo ngombala.
Uhlala kuphi uDorado?
Isithombe: UDorado olwandle
Le nhlanzi ihlala:
- ULwandle iMedithera;
- indawo eseduze ne-Atlantic;
- IBay of Biscay;
- Ulwandle lwase-Ireland;
- Ulwandle oluseNyakatho.
UDorado uhlala kakhulu oLwandle iMedithera - angatholakala cishe kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yawo kusukela entshonalanga kakhulu kuya ogwini olusempumalanga. Amanzi olwandle afanele imibhangqwana yegolide. Amanzi oLwandle i-Atlantic alele ngaphesheya kweNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia akamfanele kangako - ayabanda, kepha futhi anabantu abaningi. Okufanayo kusebenza kuzo zonke ezinye izilwandle ezibalwe namatheku - amanzi oNyakatho noma oLwandle lwase-Ireland awathandeki kangako empilweni yedorado njengaseMedithera, ngakho-ke, bakude nabantu abaningi kangako. Ngaphambilini, i-dorado ibingatholakali oLwandle Olumnyama, kepha emashumini eminyaka amuva zitholakale eduze nogu lwaseCrimea.
Esikhathini esiningi bahlala phansi, kepha kukhona okuhlukile: amanye ama-dorado aqoqana emhlambini futhi enza ukufuduka kwesizini kusuka ekujuleni kolwandle kuya ogwini lwaseFrance naseBrithani, bese ebuyela emuva. Izinhlanzi ezisencane zikhetha ukuhlala emilanjeni yemifula noma amachibi angajulile futhi anosawoti omncane, kuyilapho abantu abadala beya olwandle oluvulekile. Okufanayo nokujula: i-dorado encane ibhukuda khona kanye ebusweni, futhi ngemuva kokukhula bakhetha ukuhlala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-20-30. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, bacwiliswa ngokujule kakhulu, amamitha ayi-80-150. Ngaphandle kwedorado yasendle, kukhona nabathunjiwe abalimiwe, futhi isibalo sabo siyakhula.
Le nhlanzi yazalelwa emuva eMbusweni WaseRoma, okwakhiwa kuwo amachibi ngokukhethekile, kepha ukulima kwangempela kwezimboni kwaqala ngawo-1980. Manje i-dorado ifuyelwa kuwo wonke amazwe aseMedithera aseYurophu, kanti iGrisi ingumholi ngokwendlela yokukhiqiza. Izinhlanzi zingafuywa emadamini, amakheji entantayo nasemachibini, futhi amapulazi ezinhlanzi akhula minyaka yonke.
Manje uyazi lapho inhlanzi yedorado itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Udla ini uDorado?
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zaseDorado
Imvamisa, i-dorado ingena esiswini:
- izimbaza;
- ama-crustaceans;
- ezinye izinhlanzi;
- i-caviar;
- izinambuzane;
- izimila zasolwandle.
I-Aurata yisilwane esidla ezinye izilwane. Ngenxa yesethi enkulu yamazinyo akhethekile ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, ingabamba futhi ibambe inyamazane, isike inyama yayo, ichoboze amagobolondo aqinile. Ngomdlandla, inhlanzi endala nayo idla i-caviar - zombili ezinye izinhlanzi nezihlobo. Ingagwinya izinambuzane kanye nama-crustaceans amancane amancane kanye nefry eziwele emanzini. Ukudla kwe-dorado encane kufana nokwabantu abadala, umehluko kuphela ukuthi namanje abakwazi ukuzingela ngokuphelele isisulu esibi, kanye namagobolondo ahlukanisiwe, ngakho-ke badle izinambuzane eziningi, amaqanda, ama-crustaceans amancane kanye nefry.
UDorado kufanele ondle ulwelwe uma bekungenakwenzeka ukubamba noma ngubani - ukudla kwesilwane kusengcono kuye. Kuyadingeka ukuthi udle ulwelwe oluningi, ngakho-ke kuba lula ukuzingela nokuhosha isikhathi eside kunokudla ulwelwe njalo. Noma kunjalo, futhi zingumthombo wamavithamini namaminerali abalulekile ezinhlanzi. Lapho ikhule ngokufakelwa, idorado inikezwa okuphakelayo okuyimbudumbudu. Kubandakanya udoti ovela ekukhiqizeni inyama, ufulawa wenhlanzi kanye nesoya. Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu ekudleni okunjalo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma kukhona enye inhlanzi, ebizwa nangokuthi i-dorado, kwesinye isikhathi edidayo. Kodwa-ke, ize ibe ngeyomunye umndeni (i-haracin). Luhlobo lweSalminus brasiliensis, futhi luhlala emifuleni yaseNingizimu Melika.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zasolwandle i-Dorado
Ama-Aurata ahlukile ezinkanyisweni ngoba ngokuvamile ahlala wodwa. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi bezingela: baqamekela inhlanzi engaqaphile ukuze bayibambe ngokuzumayo, noma babhukude phezulu bese beqoqa izinambuzane eziwele emanzini. Kodwa kaningi bahlola ngokucophelela phansi kolwandle, befuna ama-crustaceans nama-molluscs adliwayo. Njengabazingeli bezinhlanzi, imibhangqwana yegolide ayiphumeleli kangako, ngakho-ke umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwabo yizilwane ezingezansi, ezingakwazi ukuphunyuka kuzo.
Imvamisa iba nokunye ukuvikela - amagobolondo aqinile, kepha idorado ayivamisile ukumelana namazinyo. Ngakho-ke, bahlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zolwandle ezinokujula okungajulile - ngakho lapho bangahlola khona ngezansi. Bathuthela emanzini ajulile uma kunezikole ezinkulu zezinhlanzi lapho, ezilula ukuzingelwa. UDorado uthanda ukuthula, isimo sezulu esibalele - lokhu kulapho bezingela futhi babambe kaningi. Uma isimo sezulu sishintshe kakhulu noma iqale ukuna, mancane-ke amathuba okuthi babanjwe. Futhi azisebenzi kangako, futhi uma ihlobo libanda, ngokuvamile zingantanta ziye kwenye indawo lapho isimo sezulu singcono, ngoba zithanda amanzi afudumele kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IDorado kufanele ihlolwe ukuthi iyintsha yini lapho uthenga. Amehlo enhlanzi kufanele abonakale, futhi ngemuva kwengcindezi yokukhanya esiswini, akumele kube khona ukudilika. Uma amehlo enamafu noma kukhona isifaca, khona-ke sabanjwa kudala kakhulu noma sagcinwa ezimweni ezingafanele.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-dorado
Uma izinhlanzi ezincane zivame ukuhlala ezikoleni eziseduze nolwandle, khona-ke ngemuva kokukhula ziyafiphaza, ngemuva kwalokho zihlala zodwa. Okuhlukile kwesinye isikhathi kuyizidorado ezihlala ezindaweni zokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka - zibhukuda zisuka endaweni ziya kwenye ngasikhathi sinye emihlambini. I-awrat iphawuleka kakhulu ngeqiniso lokuthi uyi-hermaphrodite eyi-protandric. Izinhlanzi ezisencane, ngokuvamile ezingekho eminyakeni emibili ubudala, zonke zingamadoda. Njengoba bekhula, bonke baba ngabesifazane: uma ngaphambi kokuba indlala yabo yocansi ibe yisende, ngemuva kwalokhu kuzalwa kabusha kuqala ukusebenza njenge-ovary.
Ukushintshwa kocansi kuyasiza ku-dorado: iqiniso ukuthi uma kukhula insikazi, amaqanda angazala kakhulu, futhi amaqanda uqobo ayoba makhulu - okusho ukuthi inzalo izoba namathuba aphezulu okusinda. Kepha akukho okuya ngosayizi wesilisa. Izala izinyanga ezintathu zokugcina zonyaka, futhi iyeke ukulala ngalesi sikhathi. Sekukonke, insikazi ingabeka amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuya kwezingama-80. Zincane kakhulu, zingaphansi kuka-1 mm, ngakho-ke zimbalwa ezisindayo - ikakhulukazi ngoba ezinye izinhlanzi eziningi zifuna ukudla i-dorado caviar, futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukukhula: izinsuku ezingama-50-55.
Uma i-caviar ikwazile ukuhlala ingashintshi isikhathi eside kangako, kuzalwa gazinga. Ekuchamuseleni, mancane kakhulu - cishe angama-7 mm, ekuqaleni awabukeki njengenhlanzi endala futhi awakwazi ukuzisiza. Akekho obavikelayo, ngakho iningi labo lifela emihlathini yezilwane ezizingelayo, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi. Ngemuva kokuthi ifry ikhule kancane futhi iba nokubukeka okufana nedorado, bayabhukuda baye ogwini, lapho bechitha khona izinyanga zokuqala zokuphila. Izinhlanzi ezisencane, kodwa esezikhulile sezingakwazi ukuzimela futhi ziba yizilwane uqobo zazo.
Ekuzalaneni okufakelwayo, kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhulisa i-gazinga: zichanyuselwa kungaba ngamathangi amancane noma kumathangi amakhulu. Indlela yokuqala ikhiqiza kakhulu - kulitha ngalinye lamanzi, iqanda elilodwa nohhafu kuya kwamakhulu amabili, ngoba ikhwalithi yalo ingalawulwa ngokunembile futhi ikwenze kube kuhle ukuzalanisa. Emachibini amakhulu, umkhiqizo uphansi nge-oda lobukhulu - kukhona ama-8-15 gazinga ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi, kepha inqubo ngokwayo iyafana naleyo eyenzeka endaweni yemvelo, futhi kuvela nezinhlanzi eziphikelelayo, ezingakhululwa kamuva echibini.
Izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala ukuthosa kudla ezindaweni ezigciniwe, kuthi ngosuku lwesine noma lwesihlanu baqale ukubondla ngama-rotifers. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi, ukudla kwabo kungahlukaniswa ne-brine shrimp, bese kungeniswa kuwo kancane kancane amavithamini nama-fatty acids, ama-microalgae afakwa emanzini, bese eqala ukondla ama-crustaceans. Ngenyanga eyodwa nohhafu, zikhula ngokwanele ukuba zidluliselwe komunye umzimba wamanzi bese zondla ngokudla okuyimbudumbudu, noma zikhishelwe emanzini angemuva noma kwenye indawo esondelene nemvelo.
Izitha zemvelo zeDorado
Isithombe: Dorado
Le nhlanzi inkulu ngokwanele ukuheha izidalwa ezinkulu zasemanzini njengoshaka, kodwa incane ngokwanele ukulwa nazo. Ngakho-ke, bayisongo esikhulu ku-dorado. Izinhlobo eziningi zoshaka zihlala oLwandle iMedithera nase-Atlantic: isihlabathi, ihlosi, uphaphe olumnyama, ulamula kanye nezinye. UShaka wanoma iluphi uhlobo akaphikisi ukudla okulula kwi-dorado - imvamisa akuthandi ukudla, kepha i-dorado bakhangwa ngokusobala kakhulu kunenye inyamazane futhi, uma bebona le nhlanzi, bavame ukuyibamba kuqala. I-Dorado mhlawumbe iyisibiliboco esifanayo kubo njengabantu.
Abantu uqobo lwabo bangabalwa nezitha ze-dorado - yize isibalo esikhulu sale nhlanzi sikhuliswa emapulazini ezinhlanzi, ukubamba nakho kuyasebenza. Ukuphela kwento emvimbelayo ukuthi idorado ihlala yodwa, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyibamba ngenhloso, futhi imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Kepha inhlanzi endala inkulu ngokwanele ukuthi ingesabi iningi lezilwane ezidla ezinye ezitholakala emanzini olwandle. Ingozi enkulu isongela i-caviar kanye nefry. I-Caviar idliwa ngenkuthalo ngezinye izinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi izinhlanzi ezincane, okufanayo kuyenzeka ngokuthosa - ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabanjwa yizinyoni ezidla inyama. Ikakhulu kakhulu kubo futhi bazingela i-dorado encane enesisindo esifinyelela kukhilogremu - phela izinyoni ezidla inyama, ngokuvamile, azikwazi ukubhekana nabantu abadala asebekhulile, abadala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IDorado ingaba mpunga noma yasebukhosini - uhlobo lwesibili lunentambo ethenda ethe xaxa, ependwe ngombala opinki kancane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zaseDorado
UDorado ungowezinhlobo ezinezinsongo ezimbalwa. Le ngenye yezinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu ngalolu sayizi oLwandle iMedithera, ngakho-ke inani labantu bakhona likhulu kakhulu, futhi nokudoba okusebenzayo akukwenzakalisi. Kwezinye izindawo, iDorado incane, kodwa futhi nenani elibalulekile. Akukho kuncishiswa kobubanzi noma ukwehla kwenqwaba yemibhangqwana yegolide okwaphawulwa, inani labo endle lizinzile, mhlawumbe landa. Ngakho-ke, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, babonakala ngokuya emanzini aseduze nendawo yabo ejwayelekile, kepha hhayi evakashelwe ngaphambili. Futhi ekuthunjweni, inani elikhulayo lalezi zinhlanzi lizalwa minyaka yonke.
Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuzalisa:
- okunamandla - kumathangi ahlukahlukene womhlabathi;
- i-semi-intensive - emakhejini nakuma-feeder afakwe eduze nogu;
- okunabile - ukulima okukhululekile emachibini nasemanzini asemanzini.
Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zindlela ubalulekile, ngoba eyokugcina kuzo ifaniswa nokudoba okuvamile - yize kukholakala ukuthi inhlanzi ifuyelwa ngokungeyikho, kepha empeleni ihlala ezimweni ezijwayelekile futhi iyingxenye yemvelo. Izinhlanzi ezigcinwe ngale ndlela zingabalwa nakubantu abajwayelekile, ngokungafani naleyo efuywa ezinkanjini eziqinile. Ngokuqukethwe kwamahhala, ukondla okungelona okwenziwe kaningi akwenziwa. Kwesinye isikhathi izingane ezikhuliswa ngaphansi kweso elibukhali bese ziyadedelwa - ngenxa yokulahleka kwezinhlanzi ngenxa yezidliwayo, ziyancipha kakhulu.
UDorado - ohlala emanzini afudumele ase-Atlantic - inhlanzi efuna isimo sezulu, kepha kungenjalo ayithobekile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uyikhulise emapulazini akhethekile ngobuningi. Kepha i-dorado ehlala ezimweni zemvelo kufanele ibanjwe eyodwa ngesikhathi, ngoba cishe aziphambuki.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 25.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-19: 56
