Ipartridge iyinyoni abaningi abezwile ngayo. Ukufana kwangaphandle kwenkukhu ejwayelekile kanye nokwakheka okufanayo kwezimpande egameni, noma kunjalo, kuyizimpawu ezikhohlisayo. Le nyoni ingeyomndeni we-pheasant, futhi isebenzisa umbala ongabonakali, ofana nowezinkukhu, kuphela ngezinhloso zokufihla. Kunezinye izici zale nyoni emangalisayo, esizoxoxa ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo ye-Partridge
Ama-partridges angomndeni we-pheasant, i-partridge kanye ne-grouse subfamilies, kufaka phakathi izizukulwane ezingaphezu kwe-22, ngayinye enezinhlayiya ezisuka kokukodwa kuye kwezingu-46. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo, zonke izinyoni zihlanganiswa yindlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi, umbala ongabonakali, usayizi omncane nokubekezela okumangalisayo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukubukeka
Ukubukeka cishe kwawo wonke ama-partridges kuyefana: kuyinyoni encane... Ukuphakama kwabo kufinyelela kuma-35 cm, kepha kuyaqabukela kuphakeme. Isisindo siyigamu lekhilogremu. Ngaphandle kwe-grouse enesisindo esifinyelela ku-1800 amagremu. Izimpaphe ezingenhla zivame ukuba mpunga nsundu. Kungaba nephethini yamabala amnyama aphindayo endaweni yephiko. Ezinye izinhlobo zinamahlumela ezinyaweni zazo, kanti ezinye azinazo. I-dimorphism yezocansi ibuthakathaka, kepha abesifazane banombala omncane.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ama-partridges ahola impilo yasemhlabeni, adla kakhulu ekudleni kwezitshalo. Zikhetha ukwakha isidleke emhlabathini, njengama-pheasants amaningi. Ngenkuthalo bafihla amakhaya abo emahlathini anamahlamvu amaningi nasemahlathini.
Ukuthandwa okukhulu kwenyama ye-partridge phakathi kwezilwane ezidlayo kwenza le nyoni yaxwaya kakhulu. Amahhashi ayahamba, aqalaze, alalele futhi abheke eduze: ngabe kukhona ingozi ezungezile. Njengama-pheasants amaningi, ukuhamba ngendiza akuyona iphuzu eliqine kakhulu le-Partridge. Kepha ukugijima okuphambene kuhle kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lezi zinyoni zihlala zodwa ekukhetheni umlingani. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana bathola umlingani wabo nesidleke. Okuhlukile yi-subspecies yaseMadagascar
Esikhathini esiningi sempilo yabo, ama-partridges azama ukungadonseli ukunakwa. Zihamba buthule kakhulu, ngomoya ophansi. Ebusika, bathola inqolobane yamafutha ehlaba umxhwele, ebavumela ukuba bashiye izindawo zabo zokucasha ezimeni eziphuthumayo kuphela. Bahola impilo yasemini. Ukuthola ukudla kuthatha isikhathi esifushane, kungabi ngaphezu kwamahora amathathu ngosuku.
Mangaki ama-partridge ahlala
Ekuthunjweni, ngenxa yokubhujiswa okungapheli yizilwane ezidlayo nabazingeli, ama-partridges kuyaqabukela aphile kuze kube yiminyaka emine.
Izinhlobo ze-Partridge
Iningi lama-partridges lingelomndeni we-pheasant, umndeni omncane wekhokho (Perdicinae), kufaka phakathi izizukulwane ezingama-22. Kepha uhlobo lwe-ptarmigan lungolomndeni omncane we-grouse emnyama (iTetraoninae), uhlobo lweLagopus, olufaka izinhlobo: i-ptarmigan, i-white-tailed ne-tundra.
Ake siqale sicabangele umndeni wepartridge Perdicinae bese siqaphela abamele bayo abavelele kakhulu:
- UKekliki (I-Alectoris). Ngaphandle kwalokho abizwa ngokuthi ama-partridges amatshe. Lezi yizihlobo eziseduze zamaphaseji asogwadule. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziyi-7: i-Asia, i-European, i-Partze's Partridge, i-Red Partridge, i-Black-headed Partridge, i-Arabian Partridge, i-Barbary Stone Partridge. Okwezingxenye zamatshe ezinhlamvu, isisindo somzimba esiphakeme kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-800 amagremu. Izakhamuzi ezivela eCaucasus ziye e-Altai. Kusatshalaliswe e-Asia Ephakathi. Zikhetha ukuhlala ezihosheni zezintaba, eduze neziteshi zamanzi. Umbala usekelwa kumathoni ampunga, omlotha. Iphethini elihlukile le-annular likhona endaweni yamehlo. Ezinhlangothini zala ma-partridges kunemivimbo emnyama eguqukayo. Isisu sivame ukuba bomvu ngombala. Idla izithelo, okusanhlamvu kanye namafihlekile, kepha kukho konke ingathola izimpande emhlabathini. Ijabulela nokudla okuvela ezilwaneni: amahansi, amabhungane, izibungu.
- Ugwadule lwasogwadule (AmmoperdixLezi zinhlobo zihlala kusuka eziNtabeni zase-Armenia kuya eNdiya nasePersian Gulf kuya e-Asia Ephakathi. Ukhetha amagquma anezimila ezincane nenqwaba yezihlahla zokuhlala. Umbala u-grey onesihlabathi, onombala omncane opinki. Ezinhlangothini kunemigqa ebanzi ekhanyayo, emnyama nsundu. Abesilisa banomugqa omnyama emakhanda abo, njengebhandeshi. Zikhetha ukwakha izidleke ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo - emithambekeni, emaweni, ngaphansi kwamatshe. Izinyoni ezindala zinesisindo esingu-200-300 amagremu. Laba ngabantu abangabodwana, kepha owesilisa uthatha indima enkulu ekukhuliseni inzalo, yize esondele ekubambeni sonke isikhathi sokufukamela. Abesifazane ngokuvamile bazalela amaqanda ayi-8 kuya kwayi-12.
- Izigwaca ZaseNew Guinea (Anurophasis)
- Isihlahlana se-shrub (Arborophila) kufaka izinhlobo eziyi-18. Kusatshalaliswe ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Asia. Ezintabeni zaseningizimu yeChina, kutholakala naseTibet. Bangaphila kumamitha angama-2700 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Bahlala emaqenjini emindeni afinyelela kwabayishumi noma ngababili. Umuntu oyedwa. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, amaqanda ayi-4-5 abekwa. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kwenziwa enhlabathini, ngaphansi kwezihlahla noma ezimpandeni zesihlahla. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, azakhi izidleke. Umbala ubuswa yimibala ensundu, kunamabala amancane amnyama. Abesilisa banamabala amaningi anjalo, lesi sici umehluko omkhulu wezocansi.
- Ama-bamboo partridges (Bambusicola) bahlala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, kanye nasezifundazweni zaseYunnan naseSichuan. Kusatshalaliswe eThailand, eLaos, eVietnam.
- Intendele ekhandiwe (I-Caloperdix)
- Izigwaca (CoturnixIzinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ezikhona nezingasekho.
- I-Turachi (UFrancolinus) Izinhlobo ezingama-46. Uhlobo oluningi kakhulu.
- Spur ipartridge (I-Galloperdix). Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-3: i-clawed Sri Lankan, ipartridge ebomvu nepende. Okudume kakhulu yi-partridge yaseSri Lankan eboshwe, ehola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni zangaphandle: ingxenye ephezulu yezimpaphe zabesifazane insundu. Abesilisa bahluke kakhulu ngombala: kunezimagqabhagqabha zesikhumba esibomvu ngaphandle kwezimpaphe. Ekhanda kunephethini enesikhumba esimnyama nomhlophe. Amabala amhlophe ezimpikweni. Kunezimbambo ezimbili ezinde emilenzeni.
- Intendele enekhanda elibomvu (I-Haematortyx). Ummeleli othakazelisayo, uhlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Indonesia naseMalaysia.
- Iqhwa iqhwa (Lerwa) ummeleli kuphela wohlobo. Bahlala kusuka eHimalaya kuya eTibet. Bahlala emithambekeni ngonyaka kuze kufike kumamitha angama-5500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Isici esihlukile yi-spurs emilenzeni yabesilisa. Imivimbo emnyama nemhlophe ekhanda nasentanyeni. Uqhwaku nemilenze kuyikhorali ekhanyayo.
- IMadagascar partridge (Umabhebhana). Luhlobo lwendalo, okungukuthi, luhlala eMadagascar kuphela. Ukhetha amahlathi aminyene notshani obude, kanye nezinsimu ezishiyiwe ezigcwele utshani. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu. Ukuphakama kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30. Isithembu. I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwe kahle. Abesilisa bayakhanya, bahehe ukunakwa ngombala. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, abesifazane bazalela inani elikhulu lamaqanda - kuze kufike kumashumi amabili. Lokhu akulona icala lamanye ama-partridges.
- Ama-partridges amnyama (Melanoperdix) itholakala ezindaweni zaseMalaysia, eBorneo, e-Southeast Asia. Ifakiwe eRed Data Book njengesilwane esisengozini yokuqothulwa.
- Izingxenye zeHimalaya (I-Ophrysia) ummeleli kuphela, onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa.
- Izigwaca zaseJungle (I-Perdicula).
- I-Rock partridge (UPtilopachus). Ummeleli wohlobo kuphela. Kutholakala kuphela e-Afrika. Ifaka izidladla ezibomvu ngaphandle kwama-spurs nomsila obukeka njengenkukhu.
- I-Partridge ekhokhiswe isikhathi eside (Rhizothera)
- Amapheshana (I-Perdix) Izinhlobo ezi-3: ikhwekhwe elimpunga, iTibetan, intshebe.
- Ama-partridges omqhele (URollulus rouloul) yilona kuphela uhlobo lohlobo. Ihlala kakhulu emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Umuntu omdala ukhula aze afike kumasentimitha angama-25 ukuphakama. Ihlukile kwabanye abameleli be-partridges ngombala wayo okhanyayo futhi ongavamile. Umzimba wale nyoni ucishe ube mnyama, ube nombala omncane oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emadodeni bese uluhlaza okwabesifazane.
Ekhanda kunethambo elibomvu elikhanyayo elibomvu, elifana nebhulashi. Ukudla kwale nyoni akuqukethe izithelo nembewu kuphela. Lezi zinhlobo azikuthandi ukudla nezinambuzane, ama-mollusks. Indlela yokwakha izidleke zazo iyathakazelisa futhi ayijwayelekile: awafukameli amachwane, kepha ibaletha sebebadala "endlini" eyakhiwe enomnyango nophahla, ivala umnyango ngamagatsha - I-Ulary (I-Tetraogallus) Abamele abangu-5.
- Kundyki (I-Tetraophasis)
Okulandelayo, cabanga ngomndeni omncane we-grouse emnyama (iTetraoninae), uhlobo lwezinhlayiya eziMhlophe, izinhlobo: ipartridge emhlophe, umsila omhlophe kanye ne-tundra.
- I-Partridge (I-Lagopus lagopus) uhlala enyakatho ye-Eurasia naseMelika. Futhi uhlala eGreenland naseBritish Isles. Kwethulwe eKamchatka naseSakhalin. Umbala ebusika umhlophe ngomsila omnyama oyisici, kuthi ehlobo ube nsundu. Inezidladla ezibanzi, ezinamaphiko aminyene, ezivumela ukuthi zikwazi ukunqoba ngokukhululekile izembozo zeqhwa. Njengoba u-Alfred Brehm asho encwadini yakhe ethi Animal Life, i-ptarmigan iyakwazi ukubhoboza eqhweni ukuthola ukudla. Ebusika, zondla amaqabunga, amajikijolo omisiwe futhi afriziwe. Ukudla kwasehlobo kuqukethe amaqabunga, izimbali, amahlumela, izinambuzane.
- I-tundra partridge (I-Lagopus mutus) uhlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Ngaphandle, icishe ifane ne-ptarmigan. Ihluke kuyo ngomugqa omnyama odlula esweni. Le ndawo eyingqophamlando ikuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zepharaji. Umbala ubomvu kakhulu. Ehlobo, umbala uba mpunga ngokwengeziwe. Kuhola impilo yokuhlala nokuhlala umhambuma. Uncamela ukugcina emihlambini emincane. Izidleke zakhiwe ezindaweni ezinamadwala, emithambekeni yamagquma, zigcwele kakhulu izihlahla. Isidleke siyimbobo embozwe ngamaqabunga namagatsha. Ezidlekeni, amaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayi-12 ayabonakala.
- Ipartridge emsila omhlophe (I-Lagopus leucurus) Ingabe uhlobo oluncane kakhulu lwe-ptarmigan. Ihlala eCentral Alaska isho entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ihlukile kwi-ptarmigan ngomsila omhlophe ngokuphelele, hhayi omnyama. Isisindo sisuka ku-800 kuye ku-1300 amagremu. Abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa. Zihlala emihlanjini emincane noma ngambili.
Ipartridge enomsila omhlophe ibiluphawu lukazwelonke lwe-Alaska kusukela ngo-1995.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okungakholeki kwama-partridges kubenza bakwazi ukuhlala endaweni enkulu: kusukela e-Arctic Circle kuya ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba zaseMelika.
Ukudla kwepartridge
Ama-partridges akhetha imbewu, okusanhlamvu, amajikijolo, amahlumela, amaqabunga nezimpande njengokudla.... Konke lokho kudla okususelwa ezitshalweni okuzoba endaweni yabo. Bathanda ukudla izinambuzane ngezikhathi ezithile. Ebusika, lezi zinyoni zidla amajikijolo afriziwe, izitshalo zasebusika, nezinsalela zokufihla imbewu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Lezi zinyoni zivundile kakhulu. Entwasahlobo, bathola izithandani zabo noma ifomu elilodwa. Ngokungafani ne-pheasants, i-partridge yesilisa ivikela inzalo ngenkuthalo futhi inakekele insikazi. Kukhona amaqanda asukela kwayisishiyagalolunye kuye kwangama-25 esidlekeni, afukamele izinsuku ezingaba ngu-20-24. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngasikhathi sinye, emini, amachwane ayazalwa.
Kusukela kumzuzu wokuqala wokuphila, inzalo iziveza ngenkuthalo nangokushesha, iphuma egobolondweni ngokoqobo, ilungele ukulandela abazali bayo. Cishe cishe isonto, amatshwele athola amandla okusuka, futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 afana nabantu abadala.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-partridges anezitha eziningi. Cishe zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye ezincane nezinkulu endaweni yazo eziyizisulu kuma-partridges. Lezi yizimpungushe, amakati nezinja ezilahlekile, oklebe, oheshe, ama-ermine, ama-ferrets, ama-weasel, ama-martens kanye nezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye - i-lynx, izimpisi, ama-cougars. Futhi-ke, isitha esikhulu ngumuntu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isimo salezi zinhlobo sizinzile impela ngenxa yokuzala okuphezulu kwalezi zinyoni.... Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-subspecies athathwa njengokuqothulwa. Noma kunjalo, iningi alikho engozini.
