Grouse kusuka ku-oda lezinkukhu. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezikhukhukazi zasekhaya, ama-hazel grouse awazaleli ekuthunjweni. Ngokunembile, izinyoni zizalela amaqanda, zenqaba ukuqandusela. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba abalimi. Ukugcina ama-hazel grouse, babeka amaqanda ashiyiwe ezinkukhu ezivamile. Izinhla aziluboni ushintsho. Kodwa-ke, ama-hazel grouse amaningi atholakala endle, ethathwa njengendebe enomona kubazingeli.
Incazelo nezici ze-hazel grouse
Hazel grouse - inyoni oqaphile, onamahloni. Ukusabela okuzwelayo kuhlotshaniswa nobuqili bokubukwa nokuzwa. Ukusondela ku-hazel grouse ebangeni lokudutshulwa kungumsebenzi onzima. Yingakho inkukhu yasendle ibhekwa njengendebe efanelekayo. Akumnandi nje kuphela, kepha futhi kumnandi.
Inyama ye-hazel grouse igcwele amaprotheni namafutha ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunama-kilocalories angama-250 kuphela ngama-gramu ayi-100 womkhiqizo. Ukunambitheka kwenyama kuyababa, kuhambisana nephunga le-resin.
Umbala we-hazel grouse wenza kube lula ukuzifihla ezihlahleni zezihlahla
Ukubukeka kwe-hazel grouse kubonakala ngalokhu:
1. Usayizi omncane. Phakathi kwezinkukhu, inyoni incane kunazo zonke, ikhula isisindo esingeqile kwengxenye yekhilo.
Kukhona inganekwane eyake yaqhaqhazela amahlathi lapho i-hazel grouse enkulu isuka. Izilwane zabaleka zamsaba. UNkulunkulu wayiqonda inkinga. UGrouse wayeyisisulu sezimo, wathi wayengajabule ngobukhulu bakhe. UNkulunkulu wabe esehlongoza ukuhlukanisa inyama emhlophe yomdondoshiya phakathi kwazo zonke ezifana nezinkukhu. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-hazel grouse ithole okungenani konke.
Kodwa-ke, noma zincane, izimpaphe ziyakwazi ukwenza umsindo oqinile ngenkathi zisuka.
2. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40.
3. Izimpaphe eziguquguqukayo, lapho izindawo ezimnyama, ezimhlophe, ezimpunga, ezibomvu, nezinsundu zishintshana. Kunezindawo ezibomvu ezizungeze amehlo. Kuyakhazimula emehlweni. Ngakho-ke igama lesiRashiya lenyoni.
Igama lamazwe omhlaba lesiLatin elinezimpaphe nguBonasa bonasia. Ngaphansi kwaleli gama, i-hazel grouse ibhalwe ku-Red Book. Ukwehla kwamahlathi nabazingeli "kunciphise" inani lohlobo.
4. Ivezwe ngokulinganisela ngokobulili. Abesilisa banombala obomvu ngaphezulu ngenhla kwamehlo, kukhona indawo emnyama emlonyeni kanye ne-crest emqhele. Abantu besilisa bakala cishe amagremu ayi-100 ukwedlula abesifazane. Lezi zokugcina zinendawo emnyama emphinjeni. Abesilisa baphucwa yona.
5. Ukwakhiwa okuminyene. Ikhanda libukeka lincane. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokungafani, lapho umzimba ominyene uzidonsela amehlo.
6. Umlomo omfishane, oqinile, ogobile kancane onamaphethelo abukhali.
7. Amaphethelo ama-Corneous kuma-paw amafushane, anezinzwane ezine.
IHazel grouse esithombenikungabukeka kwehlukile. Ukuhluka kombala, indawo yezimoto kuncike endaweni lapho kuhlala khona inyoni. Umsebenzi wakhe ukuzifihla, ukuze angabonakali phakathi kwezwe.
Abesilisa banombala obomvu ngaphezulu kwamehlo kunabesifazane
Izinhlobo ze-hazel grouse
Incazelo ye-hazel grouse ngokwengxenye kuya ngohlobo lwenyoni. Abaqaphi bezinyoni babala izinhlobo eziyi-14 zeqhawe lendatshana. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
1. Okuvamile. Lowo incazelo yakhe iphuma ngokucela "hazel grouse". Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlobo zihlala eSiberia. Ngakho-ke igama lesibili - iSiberia. Kodwa-ke, iningi labantu lahlala eNyakatho Yurophu.
2. Ikhola. Lezi zinhlobo zaseNyakatho Melika ezihlala emahlathini ama-tundra phesheya kolwandle. Izinyoni lapho zihlukaniswa ngomhlane onsundu nesisu esiphuzi. Izinhlobo ezinamaphiko yizona ezinkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwe-hazel grouse, ezuza isisindo esingu-800-gram.
Esikhathini sekhola lesithombe i-hazel grouse
3. Severtsov. Kusatshalaliswe eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-PRC naseTibet. Umbono wavulwa ngekhulu le-19. I-hazel grouse kaSevertsov yehlukile kokujwayelekile kuzimpaphe ezimnyama.
Okungeziwe, okungajwayelekile kakhulu izinhlobo ze-hazel grouse:
- I-Amur (gilacorum) enamaphethelo ochera wezimpaphe zokundiza nenqwaba yombala onsundu ngombala
- I-Kolyma (kolymensis), lapho i-metatarsus inezimpaphe, iminwe ifinyeziwe, umbala omhlophe "uyaphuma" kusuka kubafakeli kuya ebusweni obonakalayo
- i-alpine (syriacus), enkulu futhi ebonakala ngomhlane obomvu, i-goiter
- I-Altai (sepentrionalis) enomhlane onsundu ngomlotha kanye nemiphetho ekhanyiswe kakhulu yezimpaphe zamahlombe
- IVolga (volgensus) enomzimba ongaphezulu obomvu ngokubomvu, onamachashazi acacile
- I-Polissya (grassmanni), icishe ilingane nesifunda iVolga, kepha ilula
- I-Central Europe (i-supestris), ebonakala ngomhlane onsundu nesisu esimhlophe ngokuqhamuka ezinhlangothini ezibomvu
- I-Sakhalin (yamashinai) enobuncane bezimpaphe ezibomvu kanye nomugqa omncane wentamo wombala omhlophe, ongafinyeleli emngceleni okhanyayo wendawo yomphimbo
- I-Japanese (vicinitas), ehlala ezintabeni zaseHokkaido futhi ehlukaniswa nokuqhakaza kwe-ocher eziqongweni ezimhlophe zezimpaphe zamahlombe
- I-Ussuri (ussuriensus), abesilisa babo abanesibindi esikhulu ngemuva futhi abacishe babe nezindawo ezimhlophe ezimpapheni zezindiza
- IScandinavia (bonasia), lapho imiphetho emhlophe yabalandeli behlombe yakha hhayi umugqa oqinile, kepha ulayini ophukile
I-subspecies ngayinye nayo inokuhlukahluka okuncane kwendawo. Abaqaphi bezinyoni bakubiza lokhu kuhlukahluka kobuningi. Ngamanye amagama, ayikho imingcele yezinhlobo ezihlukile. Olunye uhlobo lugelezela kolunye. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunamaphethini athile. Ngakho-ke, usayizi we-hazel grouse ikhula kancane kancane ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga, futhi umbala uba mnyama.
Indlela yokuphila yezinyoni nendawo yokuhlala
I-Grouse - izinyoni zasebusika... Izinyoni nazo zihlukaniswa ngokungaguquguquki kwazo ekukhetheni umlingani. Imibhangqwana idalwe kanye kuphela impilo yonke. Ukufa komlingani kuphawulwa ukulila konyaka. Ngemuva kwalokho kukhethwa iqembu elisha. Uma insikazi ebekele amaqanda isifa, iduna liyaqhubeka nokunakekela inzalo.
AmaLoners ahlala kude namanye ama-hazel grouse. Abantu bomndeni bahlala ngababili noma ngamaphuphu. Izinyoni zidla zodwa, kodwa ziyabhukuda ndawonye. Esikhundleni samanzi - isihlabathi. Ishaya phansi ama-parasites kanye nokungcola okuvela ezimpapheni. Ngakho-ke, kuhlale kunendawo embozwe isihlabathi eduze kwesidleke se-hazel grouse.
Ahlala ukuchitha ubusika ekhaya, ama-hazel grouse athola indawo yokufihla ezintweni zeqhwa. Ukuntywila ngamasentimitha angama-20 kwanele ukukugcina ufudumele, uvikelekile emimoyeni futhi ucashile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izimpaphe ziyajiya kuma-hazel grouse futhi kuvela kakhulu izihlakala ezidladleni zazo. Zisiza izinyoni zingasheleli.
Ukuba namahloni, ama-hazel grouse andizela phezulu ngokwesaba, "ezwa" ingozi. Njengoba sezikhuphuke ngamamitha ayi-3-5, izinyoni zizinza esiqwini sesihlahla esiseduze, zicashe emqhele waso. Ngisho nabazingeli abanolwazi abakwazi njalo ukuqaphela inyoni efihlwe lapho.
Ebusika, ama-hazel grouses angachitha ubusuku bonke eqhweni
Njengoba i-hazel grouse idinga izihlahla zokukhosela, khona-ke le nyoni ihlala emahlathini, ikhetha izithulu, ezixubekile. Izinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezinomhlonyane ominyene. Kukhethwa i-Windbreak.
Kuwo, ama-hazel grouses afihla futhi akhe izidleke. Badinga amanzi okuphuza, ngakho-ke izinyoni zikhetha izindawo eziseduze nemifudlana emincane, noma imihosha egcwele amanzi.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zemithi, ama-hazel grouse akhetha i-spruce. Kufanele babe sebuningini. I-birch, alder kanye ne-aspen zikhethwa njengama-inclusions ku-coniferous massif.
Ukuba njengenkukhu, iqhawe le-athikili lithanda ukunyakaza phansi. Mhlawumbe ukungathandwa kwesibhakabhaka kuyimpendulo yombuzo, i-hazel grouse iyiphi inyoni efudukayo noma cha... Kungenxa yobunzima bokuphakamisela phezulu emoyeni okwenza le nsiba ikwenze ngomsindo, yethuse wonke umuntu oseduze. Esinye isikhathi i-hazel grouse ithule.
Ukushaya ikhwela kuzwakala entwasahlobo kuphela, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Grouse izwi intekenteke, intekenteke.
Lalela izwi le-hazel grouse
I-Grouse indiza ngobunzima ngenxa yomzimba wayo omkhulu namaphiko afinyeziwe. Le enezimpaphe izizwa ikhululeke kakhudlwana phansi, igijima ngokushesha. Imilenze enamandla, enemisipha ikuvumela ukuba uthuthukise isivinini. Kubo, ama-hazel grouses amboza amakhilomitha. Inyoni ingandiza okungenani amamitha angama-300-400.
Kunzima ukuthi ama-hazel grouse asuke, kepha agijima ngokuphelele
Imvamisa, le enezimpiko ilinganiselwa kuphela ekukhuphukeni kwegatsha lesihlahla eliqondiswe phezulu. Lapho i-hazel grouse ichitha usuku. Isikhathi sokuphumula. Le nyoni idla ekuseni noma kusihlwa.
Gaya ukudla
Ukudla kwe-hazel grouse kuya ngesizini. Ehlobo, izinyoni zidla ukudla kwamaprotheni, zidla amabhungane, izintuthwane, izicabucabu, ama-slugs. Ebusika, izinyoni zishintshela ekudleni okususelwa ezitshalweni. Kusebenza futhi ehlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi efudumele, ukudla kokutshala ku-40% kuphela kokudla.
Kusuka ekudleni kwezitshalo, ama-hazel grouses abona amajikijolo, imbewu kanye nemifino. Amaphethelo abukhali oqhwaku asiza ukukha amahlumela. Basika ngokoqobo imifino nezithelo.
Ukugwinya ukudla kuphelele, ama-hazel grouse adinga ukugaya ukudla okudliwe esiswini. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyoni zigwinya amatshe amancane. Ukuchoboza ukudla esiswini, kuphuma nendle. Kukhethwa amatshe e-lime. Ziyancibilika kancane, zigcwalisa umzimba nge-calcium. Basiza ukuchoboza ukudla nezinhlamvu zamathambo, ama-rose hips, namakhoba ephayini.
Ukudla kwasebusika kwe-hazel grouse akunamsoco kahle. Ngentwasahlobo, le nyoni incipha ngokusobala. Lokhu kwenzeka yize ukuthi esimweni sezulu esibandayo inani elidliwe ngosuku liphindwe ka-2-3 kunaleli lasehlobo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ziphumule ezihlahleni, izidleke ze-hazel grouse zakha phansi, zicashe ngezinqwaba zezinkuni ezifile, phakathi kwezimpande, ezihlahleni. Lapho, bagubha izindawo zokugcotshwa enhlabathini futhi bagcwele utshani namaqabunga. Insikazi ihlala kumaqanda ama-5-7 isikhathi esiyizinsuku ezingama-20-22. Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi uqapha impahla yalaba abashadikazi futhi ulethela othandekayo wakhe ukudla.
Ngemuva kokoma ngemuva kokubeletha, amaphuphu achanyuselwa ngumama elangeni. Emisebeni yayo, ama-hazel grouses akhula, njengoba besho, ngokuxhuma nemingcele. Lapho inenyanga eyodwa, lezi zinsizwa ziyahamba, kuthi lapho sezineminyaka emibili zizimele ngokuphelele, zishiye abazali bazo.
Grouse isidleke nge bamba
Ngonyaka owodwa, amaphuphu abe esekhulile ocansini. Iminyaka eyi-8-10 yokuphila, izinyoni zinesikhathi sokubeka amaqanda amahlandla ama-6-8. Ekuthunjweni, ama-hazel grouses ahlala iminyaka embalwa isikhathi eside kunendawo yawo yemvelo.
