I-macropod ejwayelekile (lat. Macropodus opercularis) noma inhlanzi epharadesi ayizithobeki, kepha iyinkukhu futhi ingashaya omakhelwane e-aquarium. Inhlanzi ibingenye yezokuqala ukulethwa eYurophu, kuphela izinhlanzi zegolide ezazingaphambi kwayo.
Yaqala ukulethwa eFrance ngo-1869, kwathi ngo-1876 yavela eBerlin. Le nhlanzi encane kodwa enhle kakhulu yase-aquarium ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekwandiseni ukuzilibazisa kwe-aquarium emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngokufika kwenqwaba yezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ukuthandwa kwalezi zinhlobo kuye kwehla ngandlela thile, kepha kusalokhu kungenye yezinhlanzi ezithandwa kakhulu, ezigcinwa cishe yiwo wonke ama-aquarist.
Ukuphila emvelweni
I-macropod ejwayelekile (iMacropodus opercularis) yaqala yachazwa nguKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758. Ihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu e-Southeast Asia.
IHabitat - China, Taiwan, enyakatho nasenkabeni yeVietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Japan, Korea. Kwethulwe futhi kwasungulwa izimpande eMadagascar nase-USA.
Yize isatshalaliswa kabanzi, ibhalwe kwiRed Book njengokubangela ukukhathazeka okuncane.
Izindawo zemvelo zithuthukiswa ngenkuthalo, imithombo yamanzi ingcoliswe ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, akasongelwa ngokuqothulwa, lokhu kuyindlela nje yokuqapha.
IMacropod ingesinye sezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye kuhlobo lweMacropodus, kanti eziyisithupha kwezingu-9 zichazwe eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Okuvamile kube semanzini ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyikhulu. Kuqala ukulethwa eParis ngo-1869, kwathi ngo-1876 eBerlin.
Uhlu lwezinhlobo ezaziwayo:
- IMacropodus opercularis - (Linnaeus, 1758) Paradisefish)
- IMacropodus ocellatus - (Cantor, 1842)
- IMacropodus spechti - (Schreitmüller, 1936)
- IMacropodus erythropterus - (Freyhof & Herder, 2002)
- IMacropodus hongkongensis - (Freyhof & Herder, 2002)
- IMacropodus baviensis - (Nguyen & Nguyen, 2005)
- IMacropodus lineatus - (Nguyen, Ngo & Nguyen, 2005)
- IMacropodus oligolepis - (Nguyen, Ngo & Nguyen, 2005)
- IMacropodus phongnhaensis - (Ngo, Nguyen & Nguyen, 2005)
Lezi zinhlobo zihlala emanzini amaningi ahlukene emathafeni. Imifudlana, amachibi emifula emikhulu, amasimu elayisi, imisele yokunisela, amaxhaphozi, amachibi - ahlala yonke indawo, kepha ngithanda amanzi ahamba kancane noma amile.
Incazelo
Iyinhlanzi ekhanyayo, ebonakalayo. Umzimba uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemigqa ebomvu, amaphiko abomvu.
Imacropod inomzimba oqinile, wonke amaphiko akhonjisiwe. Umphetho we-caudal ufakwe imfoloko futhi ungaba mude impela, cishe ngo-3-5 cm.
Njengawo wonke ama-labyrinths, angakwazi ukuphefumula umoya, awugwinye ebusweni. Banesitho esivumela ukuba bamunce umoya-mpilo womoya futhi baphile emanzini aphansi e-oxygen.
Wonke ama-labyrinths athuthukise isitho esikhethekile esivumela ukuthi uphefumule umoya. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi baphile emanzini angenawo umoya-mpilo, amanzi amile abawathandayo.
Kodwa-ke, bangaphefumula umoya-mpilo oncibilikiswe emanzini, nomoya-mpilo womkhathi kuphela uma kwenzeka kubulawa indlala ye-oxygen.
Abesilisa bakhula cishe ngo-10 cm, futhi umsila omude ngokubukeka ubenza babe bakhulu ngokwengeziwe. Abesifazane bancane - cishe ama-8 cm. Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-6, futhi ngokunakekelwa okuhle kuze kufike ku-8.
Kepha mihle kakhulu, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomzimba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enemigqa ebomvu namaphiko afanayo. Kwabesilisa, amaphiko amade, kanti amaphiko e-ventral aphenduke imicu emincane, uphawu lwama-labyrinths.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zombala, kufaka phakathi ama-albino nama-macropods amnyama. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo yinhle ngendlela yayo, kepha konke kokuqukethwe akuhlukile kunokwasendulo.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Inhlanzi engenakuzithoba, ukukhetha okuhle kwe-novice aquarist, inqobo nje uma igcinwa nezinhlanzi ezinkulu noma iyodwa.
Bengafuni imingcele yamanzi kanye namazinga okushisa, bangahlala ngisho nasemanzini ngaphandle kokushisa kwamanzi. Badla izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla.
Banethezekile impela nomakhelwane abalingana nabo, kepha khumbula ukuthi abesilisa bazolwa bodwa ngokufa.
Abesilisa bagcinwa bodwa noma nabesifazane lapho kufanele kwakhiwe khona izindlu zokukhosela.
I-macropod ayithobeki kakhulu futhi inesifiso esihle sokudla, okuyenza inhlanzi enkulu yabaqalayo, kepha kungcono ukuyigcina iyodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibekezelela imingcele ehlukahlukene yamanzi.
Ngokwemvelo, bahlala kuma-biotopes ahlukahlukene, kusuka emifuleni egeleza kancane ngisho nasemiseleni kuya emanzini asemifuleni emikhulu.
Ngenxa yalokho, bangakwazi ukubekezelela izimo ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, ama-aquariums ngaphandle kokushisa, futhi bahlala emachibini ehlobo.
Khetha izinhlanzi zakho ngokucophelela. Isifiso sokuzalela ukuhlukahluka kwemibala ehlukahlukene kuvame ukuholela ekutheni inhlanzi ayinambala futhi ayinempilo.
Izinhlanzi ozikhethayo kufanele zikhanye, zisebenze futhi zingabi nasici.
Ukondla
Ngokwemvelo, zingama-omnivorous, yize zikhetha ngokusobala ukudla kwezilwane ukutshala. Zidla izinhlayiya zezinhlanzi nezinye izidalwa ezincane zasemanzini. Kwizinto ezithokozisayo - kwesinye isikhathi bazama ukuphuma emanzini ngemizamo yokubamba umuntu ongaba yisisulu.
E-aquarium, ungondla ama-flakes, ama-pellets, ukudla kwe-cockerel. Kepha kubalulekile ukwehlukanisa indlela odla ngayo, futhi ungagcini ngokulinganisela ukudla okunophawu kuphela.
Ukudla okubukhoma noma okubandayo kuyindlela enhle yokondla. I-Bloodworm, i-tubifex, i-cortetra, i-brine shrimp, uzodla konke.
Ukujwayela ukuminza, kungcono ukondla kabili ngosuku ezingxenyeni ezincane.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Indoda endala ingagcinwa iyodwa e-aquarium enamalitha angama-20, nakumbhangqwana noma izinhlanzi eziningana ezivela kuma-40, yize zihlala ngempumelelo nangemiqulu emincane, ziminyene futhi kungenzeka zingakhuli ziye ngosayizi wazo ogcwele.
Kungcono ukutshala i-aquarium ngokuqinile ngezitshalo futhi wakhe izindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene ukuze owesifazane akwazi ukucashela owesilisa. Futhi, i-aquarium idinga ukumbozwa, ama-macropods ngama-jumpers amahle kakhulu.
Ayabekezelela ukushisa kwamanzi (16 kuya ku-26 ° C), angahlala emanzini angashisi amanzi. I-asidi nobulukhuni bamanzi nakho kungahluka kakhulu.
Abathandi umsinga oqinile ezindaweni zasemanzini, ngakho-ke kufanele kuhlungwe ukuze izinhlanzi zingazikhathazi njengamanje.
Ngokwemvelo, bavame ukuhlala emachibini amancane, amamitha ayisikwele amaningana, lapho benendawo yabo futhi bayivikele ezihlotsheni.
Kungcono ukugcina umbhangqwana ukugwema izimpi phakathi kwabesilisa. Kwabesifazane, udinga ukudala izindawo zokukhosela bese utshala i-aquarium ngezitshalo, ngoba owesilisa uyamlandela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Khumbula ukuthi i-macropod ivame ukukhuphukela phezulu ukuthola umoya-mpilo futhi idinga ukufinyelela mahhala, kungavinjelwa izitshalo ezintantayo.
Ukuhambisana
IMacropod ihlakaniphile ngokumangazayo futhi inelukuluku, iba yisakhamuzi esiheha kakhulu se-aquarium, okuthakazelisa ukusibuka.
Kodwa-ke, ingenye yezinhlanzi ze-labyrinth ezinolaka kakhulu. Amajita akhula kahle ndawonye, kepha lapho esekhulile, abesilisa baba nodlame olukhulu futhi bahlela izimpi nabanye besilisa, njengesihlobo sabo - iqhude.
Abesilisa kufanele bagcinwe ngokwehlukana noma nabesifazane e-aquarium enezindawo eziningi zokufihla abesifazane.
Zingaba yinhlanzi enkulu yabaqalayo, kepha enkampanini efanelekile.
Ziyafana nezikhukhukazi ekuziphatheni, futhi yize ama-macropods kulula ukuwanakekela, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-labyrinths zinjengempi futhi kunzima ukuthola omakhelwane abafanele kuzo.
Kuhle ukugcinwa wedwa noma ngezinhlobo ezinkulu, ezingenalo ulaka.
Omakhelwane abahle kakhulu banokuthula futhi ngokungafani nenhlanzi ye-macropod. Isibonelo, i-gourami, i-zebrafish, i-barbs, i-tetras, i-ancistrus, i-synodontis, i-acanthophthalmus.
Gwema izinhlanzi ezinamaphiko amade. Ama-Macropods angabazingeli abanamakhono, futhi gazinga e-aquarium nawo awasindi.
Ku-aquarium ejwayelekile, izinhlanzi zidinga ukulawula yonke into, futhi uma kunezinhlobo ezithambekele kokufanayo, izimpi azinakugwenywa. Kepha ngezinga elikhulu kuncike kumlingiswa, ngoba ama-macropod amaningi ahlala ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini ezivamile futhi angazihluphi muntu.
Abesifazane bangazwana ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Futhi zilungele ama-aquariums okwabelwana ngawo, inqobo nje uma omakhelwane bengaxolisi futhi banele ngokwanele. Kuhle ukugcinwa ngezinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu futhi hhayi ezinolaka.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane, banemibala egqamile futhi banamaphiko amade.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Njengama-labyrinths amaningi, inhlanzi yakha isidleke ngamabhamuza omoya ebusweni bamanzi. Ukuzalela akunzima, noma unesipiliyoni esincane ungathosa.
Owesilisa uvame ukwakha isidleke ngogwebu, imvamisa ngaphansi kweqabunga lesitshalo. Ngaphambi kokuzala, lo mbhangqwana kufanele utshalwe futhi wondliwe ngokudla okuphilayo noma okubandayo kaningana ngosuku.
Insikazi, elungele ukuzala, izogcwaliswa nge-caviar futhi iyoba yindilinga esiswini. Uma insikazi ingakakulungeli, kungcono ungambeki eduze kowesilisa, ngoba uzomjaha futhi angaze ambulale.
Ebhokisini lokuzala (amalitha angama-80 noma ngaphezulu), izinga lamanzi kufanele libe phansi, cishe u-15-20 cm.
Amapharamitha wamanzi ayafana nase-aquarium ejwayelekile, kuphela izinga lokushisa elidinga ukukhushulwa lifike ku-26-29 C. Ungafaka isihlungi esincane sangaphakathi, kepha ukugeleza kufanele kube kuncane.
Izitshalo kufanele zibekwe ezindaweni zokuzalela ezakha amahlathi aminyene, ngokwesibonelo, uphondo, ukuze insikazi ikwazi ukucasha kuzo.
Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesidleke nokuzala, owesilisa uzomjaha futhi amshaye, okungaholela ekufeni kwenhlanzi. Izitshalo ezintantayo ezinjengeRiccia zisebenza ukubamba isidleke ndawonye futhi zengezwa kangcono.
Lapho owesilisa eqeda isidleke, uzoqhubela owesifazane kuye. Owesilisa ugona insikazi, ayikhame futhi akhiphe amaqanda nobisi, ngemuva kwalokho bahlukane, bese kuthi owesifazane okhathele acwila phansi. Lokhu kuziphatha kungaphindwa kaningana kuze kube yilapho owesifazane esebekele wonke amaqanda.
Ngokuzala, amaqanda angafika ku-500 angatholakala. Amaqanda amaMacropod alula kunamanzi futhi angena esidlekeni ngokwawo. Uma kukhona okuwile esidlekeni, owesilisa uyasicosha abuye nakho.
Uzosigada ngomona isidleke kuze kube yilapho iqanda selichanyuselwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa unolaka kakhulu, kanti owesifazane kufanele asuswe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzala, ngaphandle kwalokho uzombulala.
Isikhathi sokuvela kwethosi sincike emazingeni okushisa, imvamisa kusuka emahoreni angama-30 kuye kwangama-50, kepha kungaba ngama-48-96. Ukubola kwesidleke kusebenza njengophawu lokuthi ifry lichanyuselwe.
Ngemuva kwalokho, owesilisa kufanele asuswe, angadla eyakhe gazinga.
Amafry anikezwa ama-ciliates nama-microworms aze akwazi ukudla i-brine shrimp nauplii.
