Ukhozi Uyisidlakudla esinezimpaphe zomndeni wokhozi. Zivame kakhulu embusweni wesimanje wezilwane futhi zinenombolo enkulu kakhulu yezinhlobonhlobo. Kusukela endulo, indlela abaziphatha ngayo kanye nemikhuba yabo bekufundwe kahle ngabantu, okwenze ukuthi kube lula ukusebenzisa lezi zinyoni ezidla umdlalo wokuzingela. I-Falconry ithandwa kakhulu kuze kube yilolu suku hhayi nje kuphela njengohlobo lokudoba, kepha futhi njengengxenye yesiko lezizwe eziningi, nanjengokuzijabulisa kwezemidlalo.
Ukhozi uyinyoni enhle nehloniphekile, ebhekwa njengesilwane esisheshayo eMhlabeni. Lapho izingela, ocelemba bayakwazi ukufinyelela ejubaneni lokundiza elingaphezu kuka-320 km / h.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Sokol
Ngokuya ngocwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi, ocelemba bayizinhlobo zezinyoni ezisencane uma kuqhathaniswa. Iminyaka yokuba khona kwabo endleni yeplanethi yethu, kufaka phakathi okhokho abakude, cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-10.
Indawo yokuhlala yamakhekhe ibanzi kakhulu. Ngokomlando, le nyoni yayihlala isondele kubantu, ithanjiswa kalula futhi isetshenziselwa ukuzingela. Ukushiwo kokuqala kwezilwane ezifuywayo kubuyela emuva ngekhulu lesi-8 BC futhi kuhlotshaniswa nezindawo ze-Iraq yanamuhla.
Ividiyo: Falcon
AbaseGibhithe lasendulo babelihlonipha ngokukhethekile uheshe, benikeza izici zawo konkulunkulu babo. Ezinganekwaneni zeSlavic, uheshe wahlanganiswa nesibindi nesibindi, kanti nezimpaphe zikakhulukazi zazibhekwa njengokuletha inhlanhla. Le nyoni enhle, enobungcweti futhi enamandla ivame ukusiza umuntu ukuba azingele futhi asinde, ngakho-ke isiphetho sakhe sasixhunyaniswe nomnikazi ngokungenakuhlukaniswa, sikholelwa ukuthi ukuthengisa noma ukuthatha uheshe kufana nokuncisha umphefumulo namandla.
Okhova bazalwa bengabazingeli. Bayashesha ukundiza, banamehlo abukhali ngokweqile, banamandla futhi bayakhuthazela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olwenziwa izazi zezinyoni luye lwafakazela ukuthi onkankwe baphakathi kwabamele izinyoni abathuthuke kakhulu. Zonke lezi zimfanelo eziyingqayizivele kudala zikhange umuntu ofuna ukuvala ukushiyeka kwakhe kwemvelo.
Kodwa-ke, o Falcons abanawo umuzwa wokulalela umholi. UFalconry ubambiswano lapho umhlaseli onamaphiko enelungelo elikhulu - inkululeko. Uzizingela yena uqobo, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, esefundile ukwethemba inkosi yakhe, wamukela izimo lapho inyamazane ithathelwa indawo yisikhuthazo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kokhokho endle kanje:
- ukhozi onsundu;
- i-falcon kusihlwa;
- ukhozi lwe-pygmy;
- unyawo olubomvu lwe-pygmy;
- ukhozi omfushane omfushane;
- ukhozi omncane;
- Ukhozi lwaseMexico;
- Ukhozi lwaseNingizimu Melika;
- uhlekani ohlekayo;
- Ukhozi lwaseMedithera.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uhlobo ngalunye lukakhokho lwenziwa ngemvelo ukulawula isimo sabantu bezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni nezilwane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwenyoni
Ukhozi ngokuyinhloko udla inyama, futhi izimpiko ezinamandla, imisipha enamandla kanye nomlomo oqinile obukhali kwenza kube umzingeli ophumelelayo. Amaphiko ezimpiko ezinjengesale lenyoni afinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-120, okuthi, kanye nemisipha yomzimba ekhule kahle, kwakheke izici ezinhle zokundiza. Amaphiko e-Falcon nawo abukhali kakhulu, uma uqhathanisa ukwakheka kwawo namaphiko ezinye izidalwa ezinamaphiko - izinkozi, oklebe, izinkozi zegolide. Lesi sici sinquma amandla okhozi okudubula phansi inyamazane endizeni.
Uqhwaku lukakhokho luyindlela ephelele yokubamba nokuhlaba umdlalo. Imfishane futhi ixhonyiwe, ine-barb ebukhali phezulu futhi ihlangana nomhlathi ongezansi. Uqhwaku lunamazinyo okusika, angena emaphethelweni oqhwaku lapho luvaliwe. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela inyoni ukuthi yephule kalula umgogodla namathambo amancane esilwane.
Inhloko yokhokho inkulu kakhulu futhi iyindilinga; ezinhlangothini kukhona "intshebe" emnyama, lapho uheshe angahlukaniswa khona ngokusobala nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Umzimba woxwazi uvulekile kancane, umsila ushisiwe, mude futhi unomumo oyindilinga. Lesi silwane esinamaphiko sinamehlo abukhali ngokwedlulele, esisiza ukulandela umkhondo wezilwane, noma ukude kakhulu. Amehlo kokhozi amnyama, i-iris yakhelwe ngejwabu leso elingenazimpiko.
Umehluko we-intraspecific ngosayizi wezinyoni ubaluleke impela. Isibonelo, i-pygmy falcon ayikhuli ngaphezu kwama-24 cm ubude (cishe ama-33 cm ngomsila) futhi inesisindo esingu-70 grams kuphela. Futhi abantu benkemba enkulu kunazo zonke, iMedithera ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-45-50 ubude futhi inesisindo cishe esingamakhilogremu amabili. Izinsikazi zihlala zikhudlwana kunabesilisa, kodwa zinombala wezimpaphe ezi-paler. Imvamisa, kunezimpungushe ezimpunga, ezibomvu, nsundu noma ezimnyama. Isisu sihlukile.
Uhlala kuphi uheshe?
Isithombe: I-Falcon indiza
Indawo yokuhlala yamakhekisi cishe iwumhlaba wonke, ngaphandle kwezindawo zezigxobo. Ezinye zezinhlobo zazo zizalwa zizulazula. Bachitha impilo yabo yonke ezindizeni ezinde ukusuka endaweni eya endaweni, futhi ungahlangana nabo noma kuphi emhlabeni. Amanye ama-falcons ahola impilo yokuhlala ngaphezulu, ekhetha ama-steppes nama-semi-desert ezingwadule zawo.
Ngenkathi intsha indizela ebusika ezindaweni ezifudumele, izinyoni ezivuthiwe zihlala ekhaya, zisondela eduze kwemizimba yamanzi enesimo sezulu esibandayo. Babekezelela kalula izimo ezinzima zasebusika. Ukwehla kwesibalo sezinyamazane namagundane ezilungele ukudla kudala ukuthi izinyoni zizingele kakhulu. Ngenkathi ebandayo, ukufuna inyamazane kuba nzima, kepha ukubekezelela kwemvelo kokhokho kubasiza ukuba baphile noma benokudla okuncane ebusika.
Amazwe ahlukahlukene kanye namazwekazi akhethe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-falcons zokuphila ngokunethezeka. Ukhozi onsundu uhlala ezindaweni zase-Australia naseNew Guinea, abantu bakakhokho baseMexico batholakala ezinkangala, ezingwadule kanye nasehlane lase-United States, enyakatho yeMexico naseningizimu yeCanada. Izinyoni ezizalela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zebanga zifuduka, eningizimu - zihlala phansi. Izimfunda, ama-savanna kanye namaxhaphozi ase-United States akhethwe yi-South Mexico falcon.
EMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, ukusuka enyakatho ye-Argentina eningizimu kuya eningizimu yeMexico enyakatho, izidleke zikakhulukazi zikakhulukazi. Ukhetha amahlathi ashisayo, akhethe izindawo ezingakhuli kakhulu. Ukhoba omncane uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlukene. Isidleke esisodwa ezifundeni ezingenamithi zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, esinye - ezingwadule ezisogwadule nasezindaweni ezingama-savanna ase-Afrika, lapho kuhlangana khona nabantu bakakhulukazi wonsila omfushane.
Ukhoba lwaseMedithera luvamile e-Italy nasenhlonhlweni yaseBalkan. Inani elincane lakhona lakha futhi e-Afrika, eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia nase-Asia Minor. Lezi zinhlobo zikhetha izindawo ezivulekile zezingwadule ezinamadwala kanye nezingwadule eziyisiqingatha, zihlala ogwini olunamadwala.
Amahlathi avulekile asezintabeni zeHimalaya ahlala okhexweni olunezinyawo ezibomvu. Ikhetha izindawo ezinezihlahla eziningi ezomile, eduze kwezinsimu nezimfunda. Lolu hlobo luhlala nasezinkangala zaseNepal naseBhutan, eCambodia, eLaos naseVietnam. Itholakala emasimini ezolimo, ivame ukuhlala eduze nemifula nemifudlana, ihlala emathafeni nasendaweni ephakeme cishe ngamamitha angama-900 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Yini edliwa nguyise?
Isithombe: Ukuzingela kwe-Falcon
Ngenxa yesimo saso sokuzingela esifanelekile nezici zemvelo, ukhozi uthola ukudla emoyeni nasemhlabathini. Ukudla "komoya" kwakhiwa izinyoni eziphakathi nendawo, futhi imenyu "yomhlabathi" imelwe ikakhulukazi ngamagundane nezinambuzane. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoka, izinhlanzi namaxoxo zifika ezilwaneni ezizingelayo ezinamaphiko zizodla isidlo sakusihlwa. Kepha ukuzingela lesi sigaba sokuzingela akukhona okuthakazelisa ama-falcons, ngoba akuwavumeli ukuthi babonise ithalente labo lokuzingela ngokugcwele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukhozi luthanda igazi eliphilayo nenyama entsha futhi alusoze lwadla izidumbu, noma ngabe lulambe kangakanani.
Ukuze ithole inyamazane, ukhozi usebenzisa yonke i-arsenal yezempi, imvelo emnikeze yona ngokukhululekile. Isu lokuzingela lincike ekutheni ngabe ilitshe lisemhlabathini noma emoyeni. Ngenxa yesivinini sayo esikhulu sokundiza, amaphiko anamandla futhi abukhali, ukhozi luyakwazi ukudubula inyamazane ngqo endizeni, nasemhlabathini ukuyibhubhisa ngokuphelele.
Uma ukudla okungahle kutholakale phansi, ukhozi "uphonsa itshe" kwesisulu salo, futhi ulwenza ngokushesha okukhulu njengombani kuze kube nzima ukubona indlela olwenza ngayo. Isisulu senkozi asinalo ithuba lokusindiswa. Ngomlomo wayo onamandla, iphula kalula umgogodla wesisulu sayo futhi iwuhlukanise, uwudle uphelele.
Ukuze kusebenze kahle uhlelo lokugaya olunezimpaphe, kuyadingeka ukuthola kuwo amathambo amancane, izikhumba nezimpaphe. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, izinsalela ezingadliwe zokudla, inyoni ibopha phezulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwenyoni
Okhoza yizinyoni eziluhlaza. Zibonisa ubuhlakani obumangalisayo futhi zihlala kahle ekuthunjweni, zizizwa zithanda umnikazi wazo. Kodwa-ke, umuzwa wokuzithoba uhlukile kubo, bathanda inkululeko futhi bazimele. Uma ukhawulela kakhulu ukheshe endizeni, indawo ekhululekile nekhono lokubonisa imizwa yokuzingela, kungekudala inyoni izogula futhi ibune.
Ngokwemvelo, oheshe bayathula futhi basebenzise izwi labo ukwesabisa izitha noma ukwesabisa inyamazane. Futhi lokhu akukhona ukucula. Ubumnandi bemisindo ekhiqizwayo ngokuvamile abufani nezinyoni ezidla inyama. Kepha ukukhala kokhokho kwenza umxhwele kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu ongakuzwa. Ihambisa isuka ezindaweni eziphakeme zasezulwini, ithwala okuthile okubabazekayo, ukufanisa ukubukeka kwenyoni.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Izidalwa ezinamaphiko kwesinye isikhathi zihlela imibukiso yangempela esibhakabhakeni, zibonisa amandla azo amangalisayo lapho zibalekela omakhelwane babo emkhathini wasezulwini, zenza ama-pirouettes ahlabayo, kube sengathi ziqhayisa ngamakhono azo.
IFalcon ingumpetha wezindiza weqiniso. Ngokwemvelo yokuziphatha kwabo, ama-falcons azalwa eyimihambima. Ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni zichitha impilo yazo yonke zisekuhambeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhamba akulaleli noma yimuphi umqondo, kepha izinyoni zilandela ohlangothini oluthile ngokwendlela yokubiza komphefumulo.
Ekuzingeleni inyamazane, ukhozi uvame ukusebenzisa amaqhinga obuqili. Akafuni ukuhlasela isisulu phansi, uyamsabisa, amphoqe ukuba asuke. Emoyeni, isilwane esinamaphiko asilingani ngamandla nangejubane, futhi ukuthunjwa kwalesi silwane kuba yinto yobuchwepheshe.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ukhozi lungalingisa okuphuthelwe ngokudlala ngesisulu.
Ngokwemvelo, ocelemba baphila ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyi-16, futhi ekuthunjweni, abanye abantu kwesinye isikhathi baphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ama-falcons
Njengesidalwa esisebenza ngempumelelo, ukhozi alihlanganisi nezinye izihlobo, lukhetha ukuba ngababili. Ngokwemvelo, ama-falcone ayedwa. Umbhangqwana ungashintsha kuphela uma omunye wabalingani efa. Okhohlisi abazakhi izidleke phansi, bakhetha ukukhetha amatshe, kepha futhi bangahlala esidlekeni somunye umuntu.
Amageyimu okukhwela amaFalcon ahlukaniswa ubuhle obumangalisayo bendiza. Ukushesha nobuhle bamaqhinga enziwa umbhangqwana kumane kungakholeki. Kwesinye isikhathi umbukiso wasemoyeni uphelela emhlabathini. Ukukhetha owesilisa, owesifazane uhlala phansi eduze kwakhe, ekhombisa ukuthi uyamnaka. Indoda ingakwazi ukuhlobisa insikazi ngokunikela ngokudla kwayo indiza, kuyilapho yona ibheka phansi, yamukela isipho.
Amafalcons awazakhi izidleke ebangeni eliseduze, agcina ibanga elingu-2-3 km. Esikhunjeni sikakhulukazi kukhona amaqanda amabili kuya kwangu-5. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe inyanga. Uma lo mbhangqwana unquma ukuthi akukho kudla okwanele endaweni ekhethiwe ukondla amaphuphu, izinyoni ziyashiya esidlekeni ziyokwakha esisha endaweni enethezekile yokukhulisa inzalo.
Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekuchamuseleni amaqanda. Amachwane achanyuselwe ahlala ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwabazali isikhathi esithile, efunda ukuzingela nokusinda. Kepha bengakafiki ebudaleni, baphenduka izimbangi emzabalazweni wokuthola inyamazane. Ohesheba abancane basheshe bakwazi ukuzimela, beshiya isidleke cishe inyanga nohhafu emva kokuzalwa.
Ngemuva konyaka, amaphuphu angaba nesidleke sawo. Inani lenzalo lincike ezintweni eziningi, enye yazo ngokuqinisekile ingukudla okuphelele kowesifazane.
Izitha zemvelo zamakhekhe
Isithombe: Ukhozi wezinyoni
Endle, ukhozi unezitha eziningi futhi uphoqeleka ukuba alwele ubukhona bawo futhi avikele inzalo ngenkuthalo.
Cishe zonke izidalwa ezinkulu zamahlathi zisohlwini lwezitha zezinyoni:
- izimpungushe;
- ama-martens;
- ama-ferrets;
- izikhova;
- izikhova.
Laba bameleli bezilwane zasehlathini abakwazi ukubhekana nomuntu omdala, kepha bachitha kalula izidleke zokhokho, babhubhise amaqanda namachwane abo. Ukuhlaselwa kwenzeka kaningi ngesikhathi sokungabikho kwabazali, abaphoqeleka ukuthi bashiye izidleke bayozingela, bazitholele ukudla namachwane abo. Emvelweni wemvelo, amaphesenti ama-70-80 amaphesenti ezilwane ezisencane ziyafa zingakafiki ebudaleni.
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ocelemba banesibopho esikhulu ekuvikeleni izidleke zabo, bezigada ubusuku nemini ekuhlaselweni. Kukhona izindaba zokuthi onkwazi bahlasela inja behlose ukuzitika ngamatshwele, bayixosha, bayishiya ingadlile.
Okhohlisi babonisa isibindi esizimisele nokuzinikela ekuvikeleni izidleke namachwane. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamakhulu eminyaka sekwakhiwe kubo imizwa enamandla yokulondoloza inzalo yabo, kepha ikhwalithi efanayo iholela ezinhlekeleleni ezihlobene nokufa kwezinyoni. Ngakho-ke, ukukhala okukhulu kwempi yezinyoni ezithukile, ezenzelwe ukwethusa isitha, zisebenza njengomtshina wokuthola izindawo zazo zokwakha izidleke.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Sokol
Ngokuphikisana nayo yonke imiqondo, inyoni ethanjisiwe futhi ezinikele kakhulu ihlupheka kakhulu emisebenzini yabantu. Uthando olungenangqondo lwe-falconry lubeke ezinye izinhlobo zama-falcon onqenqemeni lokusinda. Izindleko zikakhokho oqeqeshiwe ziyakhanga kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukwenza imali kangangokuba abazingeli abazingeli abanqikazi ukubhidliza izidleke zokhokho, bekhetha insikazi ebhangqeni, okuyinto ethakaselwa kakhulu abathengi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yemvelo yokhokho nokutholakala kokudla kwabo kuvame ukuphazamiseka ngenxa yethonya lomsebenzi wabantu. Ukusetshenziswa kobuthi besimanje ekulweni nezinambuzane ezinamagundane emasimini atshaliwe, okuwukudla kwezilwane ezinamaphiko, kwesinye isikhathi kuholela ekufeni okukhulu kwezinyoni. Izindawo zokuzingela ocelemba ziyancipha, futhi nenani lezinyoni liyancipha nakanjani.
Njengamanje, ososayensi bezinyoni basebenzisa izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokwandisa inani lama-falcon endle. Imisebenzi enjalo ithathwa njengephumelele impela futhi ixhaswe ngenhloso yizikhungo ezahlukahlukene zesayensi, kepha ukuthi zonke lezi zinyathelo zizosebenza kangakanani ekusindiseni izinhlobo zezilwane, yisikhathi kuphela esizosho.
Imvelo inikeze ukhozi amakhono avelele okuzingela, amandla nejubane, ubuhlakani obuphakeme nokuziphatha okuhle. Kodwa lezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo esezithuthuke kakhulu azikaze zifunde ukuzijwayeza ukuphila endaweni ephucukile. Bahlushwa isimo sengqondo somuntu sokunganaki ngemvelo. Uma isimo singashintshiwe, mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuzodingeka sithole izinzuzo zokunganaki okunjalo, sibheke ukwehla okusheshayo kwenani lalezi zilwane ezinamaphiko eziyingqayizivele.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: Juni 17, 2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-20: 22
