Izikhathi zakudala zamahhashi eKarachai zihlangene nempilo yabantu basezintabeni edolobheni laseKarachay eNyakatho Caucasus. Indawo emangelengele, amatshe, imihosha, ukushintsha kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku, izimo ezinzima zahlola amandla ezakhamizi zendawo ezazidinga abasizi abangabhalisiwe nezindlela zokuhamba.
Karachaev ihhashi, etholwe ngenxa yokukhwelana kwamahhashi endawo nawasempumalanga, isibe olunye lwezinhlobo eziphikelela kakhulu. Ochwepheshe, hhayi ngaphansi kwezimfanelo zomzimba, bayakwazisa ukwethembeka, ubuhle, nokushesha kwamahhashi.
Incazelo nezici
Ukukhethwa kwamahhashi eKarachai kwenziwa ngenhloso yokusebenza, ukuhamba ezindaweni ezinamadwala, ngakho-ke, ihhashi ekuqaleni lalinemilenze emifushane. Ukuqina kwemvelo okunzima kwenziwa esifundeni sezintaba, lapho kunamadlelo ambalwa khona. Amahhashi abondliwa ngokudla okulula, okumuncu, ayesendaweni ebucayi yezindawo ezinezintaba namagquma.
Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ngenxa yomsebenzi wabalimi, uhlobo lushintshile, selukhudlwana, kepha lwagcina izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu. Amahhashi abonakala ngokuhamba nokukhuthazela, ukulalela kanye nesibindi. Izilwane azesabi izithiyo, zivumelaniswa nokugcinwa komhlambi okunzima, zisebenza ezweni lezintaba.
Umthethosisekelo onamandla, imfucumfucu ikuvumela ukuba wenze ushintsho olude imini nobusuku, uhambe ematsheni, ngaphandle komgwaqo, ubekezelele isithwathwa esibi nokushisa kwehlobo. Abantu basezintabeni babedinga izisebenzi ezithembekile, hhayi ubuhle bombukiso.
Izilwane zikhuthazelele ushintsho olubukhali lokushisa, ushintsho kumswakama, ukudla okungazinzile nokukhawulelwe ezimweni ezinzima zokuguquka. Amahhashi angazikhukhumezi awakaze azi izitebele ezifudumele, ifolishi lezinhlamvu. Izilwane zidle amadlelo futhi zachitha ubusuku ezimweni zemvelo.
Amahhashi abonakala ngomzimba obanzi, ominyene. Ukubukeka okujwayelekile kuyavumelana. Ukuphumelela kwezinwele nomsila omude wamahhashi agijimayo kusebenza ngokukhethekile. Iphrofayili ene-hump, izindlebe ezincane, emuva ngqo, intamo eqinile yobude obuphakathi inikeza amahhashi uhlaka oluhle. Uhlobo lubonakala ngemibala emnyama. Emindenini yaseCircassian, kwakutshalwa umbala owodwa womhlambi.
Izimfanelo ezibalulekile zohlobo zaziwa njengomsebenzi omuhle womzimba, ukuvikela izifo, ukunakekelwa okungathobekile. Inhlanganisela yesibindi, izikhulu, ukulalela kwenza amahhashi abasizi abathembekile epulazini. Uthando, ukuzinikezela kwezilwane kumuntu kuhlolwe emakhulwini eminyaka edlule.
Karachaevskaya uhlobo amahhashi unobuhlakani obuthuthuke kakhulu, ngakho-ke abanikazi bezilwane kudingeka banikele ngesikhathi esiningi ekukhuliseni nasekukhulumisaneni. Umnikazi kufanele akhombise ukubekezela futhi uzokwenza ukuze ihhashi libone ikhanda kuye. Izilwane zinomlingiswa oqinile, isimo sokuziqhenya, lapho abanikazi bamahhashi kumele babalwe nabo ukuze bangabhubhisi umugqa oqinile.
Njengomphumela womsebenzi wokuzalela, kwavela abamele indawo yonke bohlobo lwamahhashi olubopha amahhashi, ngezinga elimangalisayo lokusebenza, abakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezindawo ezahlukahlukene. Izimo ezinzima zazenza izilwane zibe lukhuni, zizifundise ukuhamba ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, zifake engcupheni futhi zibe namasu.
Amahhashi aseCaucasus aphansi ngejubane kumahhashi agibele amahhashi, ngoba enqubweni yokukhetha, amandla okukhuthazela namandla okusalungiswa abaluleke kakhulu. Izimfanelo zokugibela zamahhashi eKarachai zilinganisiwe, ezinganciphisi inani lawo. Ihhashi lohlobo lweKarachai bekulokhu kuyisipho esibizayo, usizo emindenini yaseCaucasus, lapho amandla, ukukhuthazela, ukusebenza kanzima, nokwethembeka kuye kwahlonishwa njalo.
E-Karachay-Cherkessia, kulesi sikhathi samanje, amahhashi anamuhla agcinwa ezimweni zemvelo ukuze agcine izimfanelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zohlobo - ukukhuthazela nokuzithoba. Abafuyi bamahhashi baphawula ukuthi ukugcinwa kwekhaya kuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwamahhashi.
Amazinga okuzala
Izinhlobo zakudala zamahhashi zihlukaniswa ngesiqu esincane, umthethosisekelo ovumelanayo. Isilwane senzelwe ukuhamba isikhathi eside ezindleleni ezincane zezintaba, sithwele imithwalo esindayo. Ngokwezindinganiso zesimanje, ukuphakama ekubuneni kwehhashi laseKarachai kungu-1.48-1.55 m, isisindo - kuze kufike ithani eli-1. Ingaphandle lifaka izici eziyimpoqo:
- ikhanda eliphakathi nendawo;
- isifuba esibanzi;
- umumo omncane wamakhala;
- izindlebe eziqinile ezikhonjiwe;
- ukubuya okuqinile ngomugqa oqondile;
- i-croup ebanzi.
Imilenze yangaphambilini ihlukaniswe, inezinyawo ezincane. Imilenze yangemuva iyalingana, i-saber ayivezwanga kahle, yize ijwayelekile ezinhlotsheni zaseCaucasus. Izinselo zamahhashi zinamandla akhethekile, ukuma okujwayelekile. Imane nomsila onezinwele ezijiyile kwesinye isikhathi ziyajika. Okumnyama, amasudi ekarak ayaphumelela, bay, amnyama bay awavamile.
Umbala onsundu wamahhashi eKarachai ungezwe izinhlobo zamaNgisi. Kukhona cishe ama-shades angamashumi amane esewonke, ngalinye linegama lalo. Amahhashi anezindawo ezimhlophe ayivelakancane, abantu abanjalo abahlukile, abangajwayelekile kumahhashi weKarachai amsulwa.
Kunezinhlobo eziyinhloko zamahhashi eKarachai:
- uhlobo lwesici luyisilwane esinomthethosisekelo wendawo yonke, esifanele ukugibela ngaphansi kwesihlalo, i-harness;
- uhlobo olukhulu - amahhashi anemizimba ebanzi futhi amafushane, anomthethosisekelo wamathambo, asetshenziselwa umsebenzi wezokuthutha, ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngaphansi kwepakethe;
- uhlobo lokugibela - amahhashi made, ayadlala ngohlobo lwawo. Izilwane zisetshenziswa emincintiswaneni yezemidlalo yamahhashi futhi zenani njengamahhashi ahambayo kwezokuvakasha zamahhashi. Emithanjeni yamaKarachai agibele amahhashi, i-1/8 yegazi ingeyohlobo lwamahhashi lwesiNgisi.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
E-Karachay-Cherkessia, izilwane zigcinwa emihlambini ukugcina izimfanelo zazo zemvelo. Ngesikhathi sokudla kwamahhala, amahhashi ngokwawo athola ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwawo, athola ukondliwa okwengeziwe kuphela:
- ama-oats;
- imifino;
- imidumba;
- amabele utshani.
Uma amahhashi ohlobo lweKarachai zigcinwa esitebeleni, bese omunye wemisebenzi yomfuyi ukwakheka okulungile kokudla. Imenyu yezilwane inezinto ezilandelayo:
- 60% - idlelo hay;
- 10% - okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe, okunye okuphakelayo okugxile;
- 30% imifino emisha.
Ukugwema izinkinga zokugaya ukudla emahhashini, amaqatha otshani ahlanganiswa nokudla okusanhlamvu okuqoshwe ngaphambilini, kanti imifino iyagezwa bese isikwa ibe yizicucu ezincane.
Amahhashi ahamba amabanga amade, ngomsebenzi owandisiwe womzimba, ondliwa ngo-50% hay, ama-40% agxila kanye no-10% imifino ehlukahlukene (amazambane, izaqathe, ama-beet). Ukuqinisa amathambo nemisipha, kunikezwa izengezo zokudla - ukudla kwethambo, uwoyela wezinhlanzi, ikhekhe lamafutha, amavithamini namaminerali.
Inani lezithasiselo libalwa ngokuya ngesisindo nobudala besilwane. Kubalulekile ukuthi amahhashi athole amanzi okuphuza. Izilwane zidla amalitha angu-50 ketshezi ngosuku. Kwama-mares ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, inani lezithako zemifino lenyuswa ekudleni, lapho inani lobisi lincike khona.
Isimo sezempilo sezilwane sincike kwikhwalithi yokuphakelayo. Amahhashi amaKarachay ahlala ezitebeleni kumele abe namadlelo ehlobo nasebusika. Ukudla okuhambisanayo akufanele kube manzi, kugcwele izimuncagazi. Ukugcina amahhashi esitebeleni kufakwe indawo engamamitha-skwele ama-4 esibayeni ngasinye.
Iphansi limbozwe ngesaha, utshani, okufanele bushintshwe nsuku zonke. Kwanele ukwenza ukuhlanza okuvamile kwegumbi elilodwa kanye ngesonto. Ukuhambisana nezimo zenhlanzeko nokuhlanzeka kuyisici esibalulekile enhlalakahleni yezilwane. Amahhashi awathandi iphunga elimnandi, okusalungiswa, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, nomswakama osegumbini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Kuze kube yikhulu lama-20, ukuzalaniswa kwamahhashi eKarachai kwakusebenza kakhulu kangangokuba kwanelisa izidingo zaseRussia zokuthuthwa kwamaphakethe nezidingo zamasosha. Kepha izehlakalo zenguquko zaholela ekwehlisweni kwemfuyo. Isimo salungiswa ngokusungulwa kwepulazi lase-Kislovodsk.
Uhlobo lwaseNyakatho yeCaucasus luhlukaniswa ngokuzala okuhle - isikhathi eside sokuzala, iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Irekhodi lahlelwa yimbongolo eneminyaka engu-24 ubudala ezala amathole angama-21. Ngokwezibalo zokuzalela amahhashi, ama-mares angama-90% ohlobo lweKarachai akwazi ukukhulelwa njalo.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba, amahhashi avunyelwe ukukhwelana nezimbuzi. Amahhashi abeletha ngaphandle kosizo lwabafuyi. Izinyanga ezingafika kweziyisithupha, amathole awahlukaniswa nonina, bese ethunyelwa edlelweni lasentwasahlobo.
Ukuzalela ngabazalanisi abagibele amahhala kukhiqiza inzalo egcina izimfanelo ezihlukile zamahhashi eKarachai, ngenkathi ikhombisa ingaphandle elithuthukisiwe lohlobo. Izimo zezindlu ezinhle zinikeza izilwane impilo ende, cishe iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu.
Intengo
Emakethe yamahhashi, ungathenga ihhashi lohlobo lweKarachai kubafuyi bamahhashi abazimele, emapulazini aseRussia. Intengo incike ezintweni eziningi:
- isudi yesilwane;
- ubudala;
- phansi;
- idatha ebonakalayo;
- izimo zezempilo;
- uzalo;
- isigaba, injongo.
Ungathenga uhlobo lweKarachai kwezolimo ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50-75. Abamele uhlobo ngenhloso yombukiso, imincintiswano ibiza ama-ruble ayi-150,000 - 300,000. Lapho uthenga inkonyane epulazini elizalisayo, kubalulekile ukunika isilwane isidlaliso esifanele ngokuya ngamaphethini akhethekile abonisa inzalo. Amahhashi ezemidlalo kwesinye isikhathi abizwa ngemininingwane yeqembu. Okudumile iziteketiso zamahhashi eKarachai: Borey, Arsenal, Absinthe, Ash, Roll, Thunderstorm, Turquoise, njll.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwehhashi laseKabardian nehhashi laseKarachaev
Umlando wokukhishwa kokwehluka kwezinhlobo ubuyela emuva endulo ejulile, lapho kwembulwa khona izimpande ezivamile zokhokho zamahhashi. Ukukhethwa kwamahhashi eKarachai kwenziwa endaweni enezintaba ukwakha izimfanelo ezithile. Emathafeni aseKabarda, ukuzalaniswa kwamahhashi aseCaucasus kwakungokwemvelo efanayo.
Kusukela ngo-1935, isikhathi saqala lapho, ngenxa yezizathu zezombusazwe, mayelana nezenzo zokucindezela abantu baseKarachai, uhlobo lwendawo lwamahhashi lwaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi iKabardian. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 kuphela, igama langaphambili labuyiselwa, kepha inqubo yokuvuselelwa ngokuphelele kohlobo yathatha eminye iminyaka eyishumi. Uma siqhathanisa amahhashi anamuhla, lapho-ke Karachai amahhashi on izithombe zibukeka zikhulu kakhulu kunezaseKabardian.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Ngo-1936, amahhashi ohlobo lweKarachai abamba iqhaza emjahweni owawusendleleni enzima kakhulu ezungeze izintaba eCaucasus. Isikhathi somncintiswano bekuyizinsuku ezingama-47. Amahhashi ayishumi nambili eKarachai eza kuqala, anqoba wonke amapasi, ama-descents, amahlathi, ngaphandle kokukhathala okuthile.
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwabo okumangazayo, umlingiswa, amahhashi abambe iqhaza emikhankasweni yabasubathi bamahhashi baseRussia phakathi neMpi yaseRussia neJapan. AmaKarachaev amahhashi kanye nabantu banqoba i-Elbrus ngo-1996. Amahhashi Ujinja, uKhurzuk, uDaur bakhuphuka ebusweni beqhwa baya esiqongweni sentaba ngomthwalo omkhulu.
Izilwane zifakazele amandla amakhulu ohlobo, ukuzinikezela kwazo ekusebenzeleni abantu. Ngamunye umbukiso wamahhashi we-karachai iqoqa onjiniyela bangempela bohlobo ukukhombisa abamele abahamba phambili kakhulu, amasiko okuzalanisa amahhashi.
