Le fox fox encane isibe ngukuthunjwa koboya bayo obuyigugu. I-Korsak yinto yokuzingela kwezohwebo, amandla ayo anciphe kancane kusukela ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Incazelo yeKorsak
IVulpes corsac, noma i-corsac, uhlobo lwezimpungushe ezivela emndenini we-canine.... Incane kancane kunempungushe yase-Arctic, futhi ngokuvamile ibukeka njengekhophi elincishisiwe lempungushe ebomvu (ejwayelekile). ICorsac iyisikwele futhi inomzimba ovulekile, njengaye, kepha ingaphansi kwempungushe ebomvu ngosayizi, kanye nobushelelezi / ubude bomsila. Ihlukaniswa nempungushe ejwayelekile ngomphetho omnyama womsila, nasempungwini yase-Afghan ngasesilevini esimhlophe nodebe oluphansi, kanye nomsila ongeside kangako.
Ukubukeka
Lesi silwane esinombala ongabonakali singaqabuki sikhule ngaphezu kwesigamu semitha esinesisindo esingama-3-6 kg kanye nokuphakama ekubuneni okungafika ku-0.3 m. I-corsac ine-grey-buffy noma nsundu, iba mnyama ebunzini, ikhanda linomlomo omfishane okhombe nezibunu ezinwetshiwe. Izindlebe zinkulu futhi zibanzi ezansi, ngemuva kwawo kupendwe oku-grey oku-grey noma okunsundu ngokubomvu, kukhombe phezulu.
Izinwele ezimhlophe ngokuphuzi zikhula ngaphakathi kwama-auricles, emaphethelweni endlebe anqunyelwe phambi komhlophe. Eduze kwamehlo, ithoni ilula, unxantathu omnyama ubonakala phakathi kwezingxenyeni zangaphambili zamehlo nodebe olungaphezulu, futhi uboya obumhlophe obunobuphuzi obuncane buyabonakala emlonyeni, eceleni komphimbo nentamo (ngezansi).
Kuyathakazelisa! I-corsac inamazinyo amancane, aqondana nokwakheka nenombolo (42) namazinyo azo zonke izimpungushe, kepha iminyovu namazinyo adlayo e-corsac asenamandla kunalawo empungushe ejwayelekile.
IKorsak yinhle ngokwedlulele esimweni sezulu esibandayo, ngenxa yasebusika, uboya obusilika, obuthambile nobugqinsi, obudwetshiwe ngombala ompunga (onenhlanganisela ye-ocher) ithoni. Umbala onsundu uvela maphakathi ngemuva, ugcwaliswe yi "grey", edalwe ngamathiphu amhlophe-asiliva ezinwele zokuqapha. Ngokuvelela kokugcina, ijazi ngemuva liba mpunga osiliva, kepha okuphambene kwenzeka lapho uboya onsundu bunamandla.
Amahlombe anemibala yokufanisa ngemuva, kepha izinhlangothi zihlala zilula. Ngokuvamile, indawo engezansi yomzimba (enesifuba kanye nomgogodla) imhlophe ngombala omhlophe noma ophuzi. Izindonga zangaphambili ze-corsac zinombala ophuzi okhanyayo ngaphambili, kepha ezinombala ophuzi ezinhlangothini, ezangemuva zinombala omncane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uboya basehlobo be-corsak buhluke ngokuphelele kobusika - akuvamile, kufushane futhi kubi. Izinwele ezisemsileni nazo ziyancipha. Izinwele ezimpunga azibonakali ehlobo, futhi umbala uba umfaniswano owengeziwe: emuva, njengamacala, kuthola ibala elifiphele, elingcolile noma elinesihlabathi esingcolile.
Umsila we-corsac omile, oqine futhi oqhakazile, uthinta phansi futhi ulingana nengxenye yobude bomzimba futhi nangaphezulu (25-35 cm). Uboya obusemsileni bunombala onsundu onsundu noma omnyama, ocekeceke onsundu ezansi. Umsila uhlala ulula ngezansi, kepha ichopho lawo lithweswe umqhele ngezinwele ezimnyama, ezicishe zibe mnyama. Inhloko yesilwane esidla uboya ehlobo iba bukhulu ngokubonakalayo, kanti ne-corsac uqobo iba milenze, ibe mincane futhi ibe mncane.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
AmaKorsaks ahlala emaqenjini emindeni, ehlala ezindaweni (ezinenethiwekhi ebanzi yemigodi nezindlela ezihlala njalo) kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-40 km 40, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike ku-110 km² nangaphezulu. Ubukhona bokubhodloka buchazwa yisimo sezulu lapho izinsuku ezishisayo ehlobo zithatha ubusuku obubandayo, futhi ebusika umoya uba yiqhwa neziphepho zeqhwa zihewula.
Esimweni sezulu esibi nokushisa, i-corsac ilele emgodini, imvamisa ingabonakali ebusweni izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ngokwakhe cishe akagebhi imigodi, uhlala kulabo abashiywa yizimbila, ama-gerbils amakhulu nabagibeli, kaningi - izimbila nezimpungushe. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sikhonjelwe ekwakhiweni kabusha, siqiniseke ukuthi kunezindawo ezimbalwa zokuphuma kwabantu eziphuthumayo.
Ama-Burrows, angafika ku-2,5 m ukujula, kungahle kube khona amaningana, kepha munye kuphela wabo ohlala lapho... Ngaphambi kokushiya lo mgodi, umhlaseli ubheka ngokucophelela kuwo, bese ehlala phansi eduze nomnyango, ahlole indawo ezungezile, abese ezingela kuphela. Ekwindla, kwezinye izindawo, amaKorsaks afudukela ngaseningizimu, evame ukuphinda umzila wama-saigas anyathela iqhwa elijulile, okwenza kube lula ngezimpungushe ukuhamba nokudoba.
Okubalulekile! Ukufuduka okuningi kwesilwane esidla ezinye kwenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi imililo ye-steppe noma ukufa okujwayelekile kwamagundane. Ngokufuduka okunjalo, amaKorsaks eqa imingcele yobubanzi bawo futhi kwesinye isikhathi avele emadolobheni.
Ukuxhumana nama-congeners, i-Korsak isebenzisa amasiginali we-acoustic, visual and olfactory (odor marks). Njengazo zonke izimpungushe ziyakhala, zikhonkothe, zibhonge, zibhonge noma zikhonkothe: zivamise ukukhulisa izilwane ezincane ngokukhonkotha, zizingenise ohlakeni lokuziphatha.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani uKorsak
Endle, ama-corsac aphila kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwengu-6, ephinda kabili impilo yawo (kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12) ekuthunjweni. Ngendlela, i-steppe fox ilula kalula lapho ivalelwe, ijwayele abantu kalula. Ngokusho kweminye imibiko, ngekhulu le-17, uKorsakov wayethandwa ukuthanjiswa ezindlini zaseRussia.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Kunombono oyiphutha wokuthi abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Eqinisweni, ngabesilisa abakhulu kancane kunabesifazane, kepha lo mehluko awubalulekile kangangoba izazi zezilwane zikhuluma ngokungabi bikho kobukhulu besimilo ngocansi (kanye nangombala wezilwane).
Ama-subspecies eKorsak
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezaziwayo ze-steppe fox, ezihlukile ngosayizi, umbala kanye nokuma kwezwe:
- i-vulpes corsac corsac;
- i-vulpes corsac turkmenika;
- i-vulpes corsac kalmykorum.
Indawo yokuhlala
IKorsak ihlala kakhulu e-Eurasia, lapho kuthathwa khona i-Uzbekistan, iTurkmenistan, iTajikistan, iKyrgyzstan neKazakhstan, kanye nezindawo eziningana zaseRussia, kufaka phakathi iningizimu yeNtshonalanga yeSiberia. EYurophu, lolu hlu ludlulela esifundeni saseSamara, eNyakatho Caucasus eningizimu naseTatarstan enyakatho. Indawo encane yebanga iseningizimu yeTransbaikalia.
Ngaphandle kweRussia Federation, uhla lweKorsak lubandakanya:
- enyakatho-mpumalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina;
- IMongolia, ngaphandle kwamahlathi nezindawo ezinezintaba;
- enyakatho ye-Afghanistan;
- inyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Iran;
- I-Azerbaijan;
- I-Ukraine.
Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwe-steppe fox kuyaziwa phakathi kwemifula efana ne-Ural neVolga. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwe-bobak, ukungena kweKorsak esifundeni saseVoronezh nakho kwaphawulwa. Kubhekwa njengenhlobo ejwayelekile yeWestern Siberia neTransbaikalia. I-steppe fox igwema amahlathi, amahlathi aminyene nezinsimu ezilinyiwe, ikhetha izindawo ezinamagquma ezinezimila eziphansi - ama-steppes owomile namahlane asenkangala, lapho kuneqhwa elincane... Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlaseli uhlala ezingwadule, utholakala ezigodini zemifula, imibhede eyomile nasezihlabathini ezingaguquki. Kwesinye isikhathi iKorsak ingena emagqumeni noma esifundeni sehlathi.
Ukudla kukaKorsak
I-steppe fox izingela yodwa kusihlwa, ikhombisa ukusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile zasemini. I-corsac inomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga, ukubona okubukhali nokuzwa, ngosizo lwayo lapho izwa khona inyamazane lapho ihamba / igwala ngokumelene nomoya.
Okubalulekile! Ngemuva kobusika obunzima, inani leKorsakov lehla kakhulu. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi kwezinye izindawo inani lezimpungushe le-steppe lincipha ngendlela eyinhlekelele, lehle ngo-10 noma ngisho nakayi-100 ebusika.
Ngemuva kokuqaphela izidalwa eziphilayo, umhlaseli uyazifihla noma azifinyelele, kepha, ngokungafani nempungushe ebomvu, akazi ukuthi angayiphatha kanjani igundane. Lapho ukudla kuphelile, akukubalekeli ukubola nokungcola, yize kungazinaki izimila. Iyakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside.
Ukudla kukaKorsak yile:
- amagundane, kufaka phakathi ama-voles;
- ama-steppe pestles;
- ama-jerboas nezingwejeje ezisemhlabathini;
- ezihuquzelayo;
- izinyoni, amatshwele namaqanda azo;
- ama-hares nama-hedgehogs (angavamile);
- izinambuzane.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izimpungushe ze-Steppe zihlala zodwa futhi zihlala ngazimbili kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yazo. Umkhuba uza ngoJanuwari - Februwari. Kuhambisana nokukhonkotha ebusuku kwemikhwenyana nokulwa kwabesifazane abancane noma abangashadile.
AmaCorsacs ahlangana emigodini, futhi imidlwane eyisithulu nengaboni izalwa lapho ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-52-60 (imvamisa ngo-Mashi-Ephreli). Insikazi iletha kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-6 amawundlu ansundu akhanyayo (angavamile kakhulu abe yi-11-16), 13-14 cm ubude futhi enesisindo esingama-60 g. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, imidlwane iqala ukubona kahle, futhi lapho inenyanga eyodwa isivele izama inyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yokubusa kwama-parasites emigodini, umama ushintsha umgodi wakhe ngenkathi kukhula inzalo amahlandla ama-2-3. Ngendlela, bobabili abazali banakekela imidlwane, yize ubaba ehlala ngokuhlukile emndenini.
Ngezinyanga zazo ezi-4-5, izilwane ezisencane cishe azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nezihlobo ezindala. Naphezu kokukhula okusheshayo nokusakazeka kokuqala, amaphuphu ahlala esondelene nomama kuze kube sekwindla. Ngamakhaza, intsha iphinde iqoqe kuze kube sebusika emgodini owodwa. Imisebenzi yokuzala kuma-corsac ivulwa ezinyangeni eziyi-9-10 ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha eziyinhloko ze-corsac yimpungushe ejwayelekile futhi impisi... Lesi sakamuva sizingela i-steppe fox, okuthi, yize singakha ijubane elihle (40-50 km / h), siphume ngokushesha futhi sinciphise ijubane. Kuyiqiniso, indawo yokuhlala yempisi nayo inokubuyela emuva: AmaCorsacs adla umdlalo (izinsephe, ama-saigas), ehlulwa izimpisi. Impungushe ebomvu ayisona isitha, kodwa imbangi yokudla ye-steppe: zombili zizingela izilwane ezincane, kufaka phakathi amagundane. Usongo lolo luvela nakubantu. Uma i-corsac ingakwazi ukubaleka, izenza sengathi ifile, igxuma ibaleke ngethuba lokuqala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN aluchazi inani lomhlaba wonke le-corsac, kanti izinhlobo zisesigabeni "sokukhathazeka okuncane". Isizathu sokuqala sokwehla kwezimpungushe ezisemaqeleni kubhekwa njengokuhweba ngoboya, lapho isikhumba sasebusika sesilwane saziswa khona. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina, kusuka ku-40 kuya kwezinkulungwane ezingama-50 zezikhumba ze-corsac zathunyelwa zivela eRussia minyaka yonke. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, ubusika baseRussia bowe-1923-24 buvele "baba nezithelo" ikakhulukazi, lapho kuvunwa izikhumba eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-135.7.
Kuyathakazelisa! IMongolia ayizange isalele ngemuva kwezwe lethu, yathumela eSoviet Union kusuka ngo-1932 kuya ku-1972 kuze kube yizikhumba eziyi-1.1 million, lapho inani eliphakeme lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lalikhona ngo-1947 (cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-63).
Ukuzingela i-corsac manje kulawulwa yimithetho kazwelonke (eyamukelwa eMongolia, eRussia, eKazakhstan, eTurkmenistan nase-Uzbekistan), lapho lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengento ebalulekile yokuhweba ngoboya. Izindlela ezinjalo zokukhipha azivunyelwe njengokubhema emigodini, ukudwengula noma ukugcwala umhume ngamanzi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithiyelo ezinobuthi. Ukuzingelwa nokubanjwa kweCorsac kuvunyelwe eRussia, eTurkmenistan naseKazakhstan kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi kuphela.
Ezinye izinsongo zihlanganisa ukweluselwa ngokweqile nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, okubandakanya izakhiwo nemigwaqo, nokuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezimayini. Ezifundeni eziningi zaseSiberia, lapho kwakulinywa khona izintombi, i-corsac yaxoshwa ezindaweni ezivamile zempungushe ebomvu, yajwayela kakhulu indawo yokuhlala nabantu. Isibalo sezimpungushe ezisemaqeleni siyancipha kulandela ukunyamalala kwezimbila, imibhoshongo yazo esetshenziswa izidlo njengezindawo zokukhosela... IKorsak iyazuza ngokuqothula amagundane ayingozi, futhi ifakiwe kuRed Data Books yaseRussian Federation, ikakhulukazi, iBuryatia neBashkiria.
