Ama-Wombats, noma ama-wombats (i-Vombatidae), angabamele imindeni yezilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-marsupial, eziku-oda lama-incisors amabili, ahlala kakhulu e-Australia. Onke ama-wombat ayagqekeza, ama-herbivores ngokuphelele, afana namabhere amancane kakhulu noma ama-hamsters amakhulu ngokubukeka.
Incazelo ye-wombat
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezivela ku-marsupials ezinamaphiko amabili nomndeni wakwaWombat bezihlala emhlabeni wethu eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi eyedlule, okukhombisa ngqo ukuqala okungajwayelekile nokuhlukile kwesilwane esinjalo. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-wombat sezivele zanyamalala, ngakho-ke njengamanje izizukulwane ezimbili kuphela zomndeni we-wombat ezingabamele izilwane zesimanje: i-wombat enezinwele ezimfushane, ne-wombat enezinwele ezinde noma iQueensland.
Ukubukeka
Ama-Wombats angabameleli abajwayelekile bezilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo.... Isisindo esimaphakathi sesilwane esikhulile singama-20-40 kg nobude obungu-70-120 cm.I-wombat inomthethosisekelo ominyene futhi ohlangene, inomzimba omncane, inhloko enkulu nezitho ezine ezikhule kahle, ezinamandla. Ama-Wombats abonakala ngokuba khona komsila omncane, othathwa njengongathuthukisiwe. Ijazi lesilwane esincelisayo elinombala ompunga noma womlotha.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ingemuva le-herbivore lakhiwe ngendlela ekhethekile - kulapha lapho kukhona inani elikhulu lamathambo noqwanga, embozwe ngesikhumba esiqinile kakhulu, esisebenza njengohlobo lwesihlangu sokuvikela i-wombat.
Lapho izitha zemvelo zisongela ukungena emgodini ziye esilwaneni esingajwayelekile, ama-wombat, njengomthetho, adalula umhlane wawo futhi ngaleyo ndlela avikele noma avimbe indlela eya ekhaya lawo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obumangalisayo, ingemuva lingasetshenziswa njengesikhali sokuchoboza isitha. Ngaphandle kwezidladla zabo ezimfushane, ama-wombat, lapho ehamba, athuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-40 km / h, futhi futhi bayakwazi ukugibela esihlahleni ngisho nokubhukuda kahle.
Ukunakwa kudonselwa endaweni eyinhloko yamabhere "ahlekisayo"... Ikhanda likhulu kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nosayizi womzimba, ngenkathi licwecwe kancane, kuba khona kwamehlo anobuhlalu ezinhlangothini. Uma kunengozi yangempela, i-wombat ayikwazi ukuzivikela kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuhlasela ngempumelelo ngekhanda layo, isebenzisa le nhloso ukunyakaza kwesici.
Imihlathi, kanye namazinyo esilwane esincelisayo, ekwakhekeni nasekubukekeni kwaso kufana kakhulu nezitho eziyinhloko zokucubungula ukudla kwamagundane. Phakathi kwezinye izilwane ze-marsupial, ama-wombat anezinombolo ezimbalwa zamazinyo: imigqa engenhla nengezansi ibonakala ngokutholakala kwamazinyo angaphambili wohlobo lokusika, kanye namazinyo ahlafunwayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilwane sintula ngokuphelele amazinyo endabuko angular.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Wombats adume ngokufanele ngobuciko bokumba, futhi angakha kalula wonke ama-labyrinths angaphansi komhlaba. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ama-wombats avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ngabemba abanethalente futhi abakhulu kunabo bonke.
Imilenze ye-wombat iqine kakhulu futhi inemisipha, iqine impela, inezinzipho ezitholakala kuzo zombili izinzwane zenqina ngayinye. Amathambo emilenze akhule kahle adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yesilwane esincelisayo. Ngosizo lwezidladla zabo, "amabhere" amadala amancane ayakwazi ukumba imisele emikhulu futhi evulekile. Imigudu abayimba ivame ukufika kubude obungamamitha ayi-18-20 nobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-2.5-3.0. Abamele iqembu lama-dvoretstsovye marsupials nomndeni wakwaWombat ngobuciko bakha uhlobo "lwamakhosi" angaphansi komhlaba lapho kuhlala khona imindeni yonke.
Indlela yokuphila yeWombat
Ama-Wombats ikakhulu angaphansi komhlaba futhi asebusuku, ngakho-ke isimo esikhulu lapho ukhetha indawo yokuhlala ubukhona benhlabathi eyomile ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kwamatshe amakhulu, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba nezimpande zezihlahla. I-wombat ichitha ingxenye enkulu yosuku ngaphakathi komgodi wayo. Ukuphumula nokulala kwenziwa emini, kuthi kusihlwa, isilwane esincelisayo sikhuphukele phezulu, sifudumale noma siqiniswe.
Bonke abamele ama-wombats bakhetha ukuhlala emaqenjini amakhulu, ngakho-ke insimu yempilo yabo iyamangalisa kakhulu. Imingcele yendawo yayo, engaba amashumi amahektha amaningi, ibhalwe uhlobo lwendle yezilwane eyisikwele. Ngokwemvelo yabo, ama-wombat anobungane futhi awabesabi nakancane abantu, yingakho avame ukugcinwa njengekhaya elixakile.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Njengoba iminyaka eminingi yocwaningo lwesayensi nokubhekwa kwemvelo kukhombisa, isilinganiso sobude bempilo yesibeleko ezimweni zemvelo asidluli iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Ekuthunjweni, isilwane esincelisayo singaphila cishe ikota yekhulu leminyaka, kepha isikhathi sincike ezimweni zokuboshwa nezimpawu zokudla.
Izinhlobo zama-wombats
Njengamanje, umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu zesimanje, ezihlanganiswe zaba imikhakha emibili:
- UGenus Lаsiоrhinus. Izinwele ezinezinwele ezinde, noma ezinoboya, noma ezinoboya (i-Lаsiоrhinus) yizilwane ezivela kuhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ze-marsupial. Isilwane esikhulu ngokwanele esinobude bomzimba obungu-77-100 cm, ubude bomsila obungu-25-60 mm nesisindo esingu-19-32 kg. Uboya buthambile futhi bude, bunsundu ngokumpunga ngemuva, nokumhlophe esifubeni nasezihlathini. Izindlebe zincane futhi zingunxantathu ngesimo;
- UGenus Vombatus. Izinwele ezimfushane, noma ezingenaboya, noma ama-Tasmanian wombats (iVombatus ursinus) yizilwane eziwuhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-marsupial. Okuwukuphela kommeleli wanamuhla wohlobo lwama-wombat anqunu.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Diprotodon yayingeyesihlobo esiseduze sabamele abamele ama-wombats, kepha lo mmeleli omkhulu wama-marsupials wafa cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane edlule.
Kusukela kubantu baseQueensland wombat, namuhla kunabantu abangaphezudlwana kwekhulu abagcinwa endaweni encane yemvelo eQueensland. I-wombat ebanzi ebanzi evela kuhlobo lwe-Lаsiоrhinus inobude obucishe bube imitha, isikhumba esimpunga esikhanyayo nezindlebe zokuqala ezibukhali.
Indawo yokuhlala
Okhokho bama-wombat babebancane ngosayizi, bahlala ezihlahleni, futhi basuka kwelinye igatsha baya kwelinye besebenzisa imisila emide, njengazo zonke izinkawu, noma babanjwa esiqwini sezitshalo besebenzisa izithupha zabo ezinqeni zabo. Lesi sici sithinte ububanzi nezindawo zokuhlala kwesilwane esincelisayo sanamuhla.
Ama-wombat anezinwele ezinde anezinwele ezinde anezinwele ezinde noma ama-woolly wombat atholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNingizimu Australia nasentshonalanga neVictoria, kanye naseningizimu-ntshonalanga neNew South Wales, eningizimu nasenkabeni yeQueensland. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezaziwayo ze-genus Vombatus noma ama-wombats anezinwele ezimfishane: IVombatus ursinus hirsutus, ehlala e-Australia, iVombatus ursinus tasmaniensis, eTasmania, neVombatus ursinus ursinus, ehlala eFlinders Island kuphela.
Ukudla kwe-Wombat
Ama-Wombats ngokuzithandela adla amahlumela amancane otshani... Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezincelisayo nazo zidla izimpande zezitshalo nobulembu, izilimo zamajikijolo namakhowe. Ngenxa yezici zokwakheka njengokuhlukaniswa komlomo ongaphezulu, ama-wombat akwazi ukukhetha ngokunembile nangokufanelekile indlela yokudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amazinyo angaphambili esilwane angafinyelela ngqo ezingeni lomhlabathi, okulula kakhulu ukusika ngisho namahlumela amancane aluhlaza. Umuzwa othuthukisiwe wokuhogela nawo udlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni kokudla ebusuku.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abamele ama-wombats babonakala ngokuhamba kancane, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo izinqubo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ze-metabolic.... Isilwane esincelisayo sidinga cishe amasonto amabili ukugaya ngokuphelele konke ukudla okudliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-wombat angabasebenzisi bamanzi abonga kakhulu kunabo bonke izilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala emhlabeni wethu (kunjalo, ngemuva kwekamela). Isilwane esikhulile sidinga cishe u-20-22 ml wamanzi ngosuku ngekhilogremu ngalinye lesisindo somzimba. Noma kunjalo, ama-wombat kunzima ukubekezelela amakhaza.
Izitha zemvelo
Ezimweni zemvelo, labo abamele i-oda ama-marsupial amabili asikwe cishe abanazo izitha, ngoba isikhumba esibi sesilwane esincelisayo cishe asikwazi ukulimaza noma ukuluma. Phakathi kokunye, ngemuva kwama-wombat nakho kuvikelwe ngezembatho eziqinile ngendlela emangalisayo, okusikhumbuza ngezembatho zempi ze-armadillo. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-wombat kufanele avikele indawo yawo ezitheni, angaba nolaka impela.
Ezibonakalisweni zokuqala zengozi esondelayo, isilwane sibukeka sibuhlungu kakhulu, siqala ukujiwuzisa ikhanda laso elikhulu bese senza imisindo engathandeki efana nokukhala. Ukubukeka okungesabi nokuzimisela okunjalo kwe-wombat kuvame ukwethusa abahlaseli ngokushesha ngokwanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-wombat iyahlasela, elwa kahle ngosizo lwekhanda.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukuzalwa kwamawundlu kwanoma iyiphi i-wombat subspecies ngokuphelele akunakho ukuncika kuzici zonyaka noma izimo zezulu, ngakho-ke, inqubo yokuzala kabusha yesilwane esincelisayo esingavamile ingenzeka unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni ezomile kakhulu, ngokusho kokubona kososayensi, kungahle kube nokuhlukahluka kwesizini ngokuzalanisa. Ama-Wombats angaphansi kwesigaba sezilwane ezingama-marsupial, kepha izikhwama zabesifazane zitholakala ngendlela ekhethekile futhi zibuyiselwa emuva, okwenza kube lula ukumba umhlabathi wezimbobo futhi kuvimbele ukungcola ukuthi kufinyelele enganeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukukhulelwa esibelethweni sowesifazane kuhlala cishe amasonto amathathu, emva kwalokho kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa. Ngaphandle kokuba khona kwezingono kumuntu ngamunye wesifazane, isilwane esincelisayo esinjalo asikwazi ukuthwala nokondla izingane ezimbili.
Izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokuzalwa, umntwana osanda kuzalwa uzoba nomama ngaphakathi esikhwameni, lapho ezungezwe ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa ubusuku nemini. I-wombat ekhulile ishiya isikhwama sikanina, kepha isikhathi esingangonyaka, ize ifinyelele ebusheni, ihlala eduze komzali wayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ama-wombat anezinwele ezinde manje asengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele... Ngemuva kokuhlaliswa kwe-Australia ngabaseYurophu, uhla lwemvelo lwama-wombat lwancishiswa kakhulu, ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zabo zokuhlala, ukuncintisana nezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezingenisiwe kanye nokuzingelwa kwama-wombats. Ukuze kulondolozwe ngisho nenani elincane lalesi silwane esisengozini, ongoti manje sebehlele izinqolobane eziningana ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo.
