Onke amakheji onogwaja enziwa ngokulandela imigomo eminingana ejwayelekile, kepha futhi kukhona umehluko omkhulu obalulekile, okumele ucatshangelwe ngenqubo yokuqalisa ngokuzimela kwalowo mklamo.
Kufanele kube yini umklamo
Izidingo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesibaya sonogwaja zimi kanje:
- ukungabikho ngokuphelele kokungakapheli;
- umoya ophakeme futhi owanele isikhala;
- ubukhulu obukhulu ngokuya ngeminyaka yobudala bezilwane nenombolo yazo;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingenabungozi nezihlala isikhathi eside;
- ukungabikho kwezinto ezibukhali noma ezinyantisayo esakhiweni;
- ukungabikho kwethonya elibi lesimo sezulu endaweni yokufaka;
- lula ukugcinwa nokusebenza;
- inhlanzeko ephezulu;
- izindleko ezingabizi zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nesakhiwo esiqediwe ngokuphelele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umklamo okhethwe kahle wesibaya sonogwaja unikeza izinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu zokukhiqiza kwezilwane zasepulazini ezimeni zokunciphisa ukugula nokuphepha okuphezulu kwemfuyo.
Ukufaka amakheji ekamelweni kucabanga ukuthi umoya uhlanzekile nokuthi awukho umswakama okweqile noma ukushisa ngokweqile, kanye nokukhanya okujwayelekile kokukhanya.
I-Cage ene-aviary yezilwane ezincane
Ikheji elijwayelekile lokugcina izilwane ezincane zasemapulazini livame ukwakhelwa abantu abayi-8-20, iminyaka yayo eyehluka kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Lapho wenza ikheji elinjalo leqembu, kuyadingeka ukunamathela endaweni elungile eyi-0.25-0.3 m2 yomuntu ngamunye... Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphakama kwezindonga akukwazi ukuba ngaphansi kuka-35-40 cm.Indawo yokuhamba ebiyelwe ihlelwe ngasodongeni lwangemuva, futhi ibuye yehlukaniswe nekheji ngokusebenzisa ukwahlukanisa okususekayo.
Amakheji onogwaja abavuthiwe
Indawo yokuhlala yowesifazane ovuthiwe ngokobulili ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbalwa: ingane kanye nengqamuzana. Kulokhu, ukwahlukaniswa kuvame ukumelwa ngento yeplywood lapho kukhona khona umgodi wokucheba osika ngobubanzi obungu-200 mm. Umgodi utholakala ngenhla komhlaba phansi ukuphakama okungu-10-15 cm, okungavumeli onogwaja ukuba bakhase endaweni yokudla.
Phansi ngaphakathi kotshwala kamama kuvame ukwenziwa ngepulangwe eliqinile elingamelana nomswakama. Ekwenziweni komnyango wangaphambili wotshwala ongumama, kusetshenziswa ibhodi noma ipulangwe lokujiya okwanele. Ingxenye engemuva yenziwe ngomshini wekhwalithi ephezulu. Masinyane ngaphambi kokuzungeza, kufakwa iseli lomama ngaphakathi egumbini lesidleke, ubukhulu balo obungu-40 x 40 cm ngobude obungu-20 cm.
Ibhulokhi lomndeni lezigaba ezintathu
Ukukhiqizwa okuzimele kwamakhekhe alogwaja anezigaba ezintathu kulula ukubiza. Okubizwa nge- "block umndeni" kulula kakhulu ukuzalanisa izilwane zasemapulazini. Kulokhu, umvundla wokufuya ugcinwa engxenyeni emaphakathi yesakhiwo, kanti abesifazane batholakala ezinhlangothini.
Ezingxenyeni zokhuni ezifakwe phakathi kwawo wonke amagumbi, ama-manholes afakiwe, ahlinzekwa ngama-plywood latches. Ngakho-ke, kulula futhi kulula ukulawula inqubo yokudlulisela abesifazane kowesilisa.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Izifo zonogwaja
- Yini ongayondla onogwaja
- Izici zokufuya onogwaja
Uhlaka lwamapulangwe luhambisana nezindonga eziseceleni nezingemuva, kanye namagumbi esidleke anama-partitions neminyango ngokususelwa kolwelwesi olubanzi. Ngenhloso yokwenza udonga lwangaphambili, kusetshenziswa umugqa wensimbi. Ngaphakathi kwamagceke okwakha izidleke, kunconywa ukuthi kunikezwe isikhala samahhala sezilwane zokuphumula. Intuthuko eyengeziwe yezinhlaka ezinjalo kuzoba ukuhlelelwa okucatshangwe kahle kwabaphuzi nabahlinzeki, okungagcwaliswa kalula kusuka ngaphandle.
Mini-ipulazi lamabhokisi ombhede
Izindleko zokwakha amakheji ajwayelekile anezitezi ezimbili zezilwane zasemapulazini aziphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yobulula bazo. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kukhokhelwa endaweni yepulazi elincane ngokuya ngohlobo lokukhanyisa.
Udonga olungenalutho olunamabhokisi e-nursery kanye ne-feeder lukhona ohlangothini olusenyakatho, oluvikela onogwaja emimoyeni enamandla nasemakhazeni amakhulu. Uphahla lwesakhiwo esivela enyakatho kufanele limboze cishe nge-0.9 m, futhi engxenyeni eseningizimu - ngo-0.6 m. Kusuka entshonalanga nasempumalanga, uphahla luyogeleza ngemishayo ephumayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuhlelwa kahle kwepulazi elincane lonogwaja, isakhiwo ngasinye sezinyoni singaqukatha abantu abadala abangafika kwabangamashumi amabili nanhlanu besilwane esibalulekile sezolimo.
Ikheji elinezitezi ezimbili liqukethe ukusekelwa kohlaka, ingxenye engezansi nohlangothi olungaphezulu, futhi, njengomthetho, izinto ezisobala noma eziguqukayo, kanye nezinto zokufulela, zisetshenziswa njengophahla. Njengomkhuba wokusebenzisa i-mini-farm shows, iseli elilodwa kufanele lihlale endaweni eyi-1.4 m2... Isiqu semigqa emibili ejwayelekile yezakhiwo zamakamelo ayisishiyagalombili ngokuvulwa kwamasentimitha angama-70-110 sithatha indawo engama-25 m2.
California unogwaja yezinyoni
Ngokusho kwabafuyi abanolwazi, onogwaja baseCalifornia kulula kakhulu ukubanakekela futhi abadingi isikhala esiningi sokugcina. Ubukhulu obulungile bokwakhiwa kwekheji likanogwaja lesilwane esinjalo sasepulazini bungaba cishe cishe isikhathi esisodwa nohhafu kunendawo yokuhlala yokugcina unogwaja omkhulu ompunga.
Phakathi kokunye, onogwaja baseCalifornia bajwayelene kahle nesimo sezulu esibandayo, ngakho-ke bavame ukugcinwa ngaphandle kokutholakala kombhede wendabuko.... Usayizi ojwayelekile wekheji elinotshwala kamama ngu-0.4 m2, nakumuntu oyedwa ovuthiwe ngokobulili - 0.3 m2... Ukuzenzela ukuzakhela kwesakhiwo, izinto zokwakha ezijwayelekile, ezinobungani bemvelo nezenhlanzeko zingasetshenziswa.
Inja yezinja ezinogwaja
Ekunakekelweni kwekhaya, onogwaja bokuhlobisa noma izinhlobo ezincane zemifino ziyashintshwa. Ikheji lesilwane esinjalo ngeke libe nendawo ebalulekile esikhaleni segumbi, elichazwa ngosayizi ohlangene wonogwaja nabantu abadala. Isisindo sikanogwaja osemncane ovuthiwe ngokobulili, njengomthetho, asidluli amakhilogremu ambalwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Yize iqiniso lokuthi ikheji likanogwaja lingenziwa ngezinto ezihluke kakhulu, cishe noma yiziphi izinto zokwakha, inketho enhle kakhulu ingaba ngamandla aphakeme, aqine futhi abe nobungcweti ngokuphelele kwezemvelo.
Amahlumela asesibayeni esiphelile akufanele afakwe umbala. Ukwenza lula ukunakekelwa kwezilwane ezihlobisayo kuzovumela ukuba khona kwethreyi ekhethekile yokudonsa, lapho yonke imikhiqizo yokungcola kanogwaja wasekhaya iwela khona.
Inja yezinja "imidondoshiya"
Onogwaja besikhumba esikhulukazi benyama bohlobo "olukhulu" badinga indlela ekhethekile kokuqukethwe kwabo kanye nokuhlelwa kwezakhiwo ezingekho ejwayelekile zezinja. Ikheji lesilwane esikhulu sasepulazini esikhula ngokushesha futhi lishesha kakhulu linobukhulu obubonakalayo, ngoba ubukhulu bukanogwaja bungama-55-65 cm ubude futhi bunesisindo sobubanzi obungu-5.5-7.5 kg. Ngokuya ngamapharamitha anjalo, kufanele uqale udwebe iphrojekthi yokudweba yeseli.
Unogwaja omkhulu omdala kufanele ugcinwe ehhokweni nobukhulu obuncane obukhonjisiwe:
- ubude - 96 cm;
- ukujula - 70 cm;
- ukuphakama - 60-70 cm.
Umbhangqwana osemusha walolu hlobo kufanele ugcinwe emgodini olinganisa u-1.2-1.3 m². Phakathi kokunye, onogwaja abakhulu bayasinda impela, ngakho-ke phansi ehokweni kufanele kuqiniswe ngocingo oluhlanganisiwe olwenziwe ngocingo olujiyile, olubekwe kusisekelo sohlaka, lubekwe ngebanga elingu-4.0-4.5 cm. ukubeka phansi nokufakwa kwamapulangwe akhethekile epulasitiki noma enjoloba. Kulokhu, ama-pallets ahlanzwa nsuku zonke.
Amaseli aklanywe yi-N.I. UZolotukhina
Amakheji aqhutshwa yiZolotukhin abonakala ngokwakhiwa kwezimo zokuhlala onogwaja eduze ngangokunokwenzeka nokuphila kwabo kwemvelo. Ngenxa yezici zokuklama, izilwane zasemapulazini ziyakwazi ukuzizwa zikhululekile, ezinomphumela omuhle ekuzaleni nasekuzivikeleni kwazo jikelele.
Amakheji enzelwe ngokwendlela yomfuyi onogwaja uZolotukhin anokuhluka okuphawulekayo kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezindawo zonogwaja. Izici eziyinhloko zemiklamo enjalo elula zethulwa:
- multi-tiered;
- ukungabi khona kwe-mesh floor ne-pallet;
- ukungabi khona kotshwala ongumama obumile;
- ukuhamba kwesiphakeli.
Isakhiwo esinezitezi ezintathu senzelwe onogwaja abayisithupha, futhi i-tier ngayinye elandelayo ibuyiselwa emuva ku-15-20 cm, evimbela kalula noma yikuphi ukungcola ukungena ezilwaneni ezisezansi. Iphansi elithambekeni kukanogwaja liqine kakhulu, futhi odongeni lwangemuva kuphela kunendawo encane ehlelekile elungisiwe... Ehlobo, isitshalo sikamama sibekwa endaweni emnyama yekheji, futhi ebusika, izidleke ezisuswayo zibekwa esakhiweni.
Osayizi bezinyoni zikanogwaja beZolotukhin bayahluka ngokuya ngezimpawu zohlobo lwezilwane zasemapulazini, kepha ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu noma eziphakathi nendawo, imiklamo ethuliwe izolunga:
- ububanzi - 2.0 m;
- ukuphakama - imitha elilodwa nohhafu;
- ukujula - 0.7-0.8 m;
- ububanzi bendawo enezikhala bungu-15-20 cm;
- ezingeni emthambekeni phansi - 5-7 cm;
- ubukhulu bomnyango - 0.4 × 0.4 m.
Lapho wenza utshwala bomama basebusika, kunconywa ukuthi unamathele kumasayizi alandelayo:
- indawo ephelele - 0.4 × 0.4 m;
- ukuphakama ezingeni itheku - 150 mm;
- izinkomba zokuphakama kodonga lwangaphambili - i-160 mm;
- imingcele yokuphakama kodonga lwangemuva - 270 mm.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uma kunesidingo, amapharamitha angenhla wekheji angakhuphuka noma anciphiswe, okuzokwenza ukugcinwa kwesakhiwo kube lula futhi kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izinzuzo zamaseli anjalo zimelwe izindleko ezingabizi zezinto zokwakha, kanye nokulula kokugcinwa nokuzikhiqizela hhayi ubukhulu obukhulu besakhiwo esiphelile. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kungenzeka ukugcina izimo zokukhanyisa ezifanele kanye nokungenisa umoya okwanele njalo.
Ubukhulu bezimboni zonogwaja bezimboni
Amakheji anogwaja enzelwe ukuzalanisa isilwane esikalini sezimboni, kanye nezakhiwo ezenziwe ngomumo, zingavezwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene:
- uhlobo olumile lokufakwa endlini;
- uhlobo olumile lokufakwa kwangaphandle;
- uhlobo lweselula;
- amamodeli anezindiza.
Ukulima kwangaphandle kuvame ukwenziwa emakhejini asemaceleni abekwe eceleni kocingo oluqinile noma udonga. Kulesi simo, izindonga zangemuva neziseceleni zesikhala kufanele ziqine, okuzohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okugcwele kwezilwane emvuleni nasezivunguvungwini zomoya. Okufanele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwasendlini izakhiwo ezinamacala amabili ezakhiwe ngokuphelele ngensimbi yensimbi yokungenisa umoya okulula futhi okusebenzayo.
Okuthandwa kakhulu ukugcina abantu abadala kungokwakhiwa okubandakanya amakamelo amabili nokufakwa kotshwala kamama eduze kodonga oluseceleni.
Isitezi esiqinile kule ndawo kufanele senziwe ngamapulangwe, kuthi isigaba se-aft sihlukaniswe ngokwahlukanisa nge-laser elinganisa u-17x17 cm.Isembozo saphansi senziwe ngensimbi yensimbi. Osayizi abajwayelekile botshwala kamama:
- ukujula - 0.55 m;
- ubude - 0,4 m;
- ukuphakama emnyango - 0.5 m;
- ezingemuva ukuphakama - 0,35 m.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isici sezindlu zonogwaja, ezenzelwe ukugcinwa ngaphandle konogwaja bazo zonke izinhlobo, ubukhulu bazo obungenamkhawulo nenketho yesevisi engasindi.
Ehlangothini langaphambili, kufakwe izicabha eziqinile kanye nezicabha ezimbili zemeshi ezinama-feeder ahleliwe ngokuvikelekile. Isakhiwo sonke kumele sikhuphuke size sibe ngamasentimitha angama-80 ukusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi ngokusebenzisa imilenze ezinzile.
Ukwenza ikheji
Umklamo olula kakhulu wesibaya sonogwaja ungenziwa ngokuzimela. Ngokuthola indawo yezinyoni emoyeni evulekile, amabhodi we-OSB amelana nomswakama asetshenziswa njengesakhiwo esikhulu nezinto zokuqedela. Ubude bekheji elilodwa elijwayelekile liyimitha elilodwa nohhafu ngobubanzi obungu-0.7 m nokuphakama okufanayo. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle ukwenza ikheji likanogwaja elihlanganiswe ngamamitha amathathu ubude, 0.7 m ububanzi no-120/100 cm ukuphakama ngaphambili nangemuva. Lo mklamo kulula ukuwunakekela, futhi futhi ukuvumela ukuthi ugcine kakhulu izinto zokwakha:
- ishidi plywood nge ubukhulu 1.5 × 1.5 m nge ukushuba 10 mm - a pair of amashidi;
- amabhlogo wokhuni u-3.0 m ubude nobukhulu obungu-3 × 5 cm - izingcezu eziyishumi;
- mesh lashukumisa ngamaseli alinganisa 1.5 × 1.5 cm - 3.0 m²;
- Izikulufu zokuzishaya ezingama-30 mm ubude - ikhilogremu;
- Izikulufu zokuzishaya ezingama-70 mm ubude - ikhilogremu.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ifaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kohlaka nokugunda kwalo, kanye nokuhlelwa kokuphakelayo notshwala bomama, ukufakwa kophahla nokulenga komnyango. Kubalulekile ukubeka kahle ngaphakathi ekhejini.
Yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ukwakha ikheji
Izinto zokwakha amakheji onogwaja okuzenzela kufanele zibushelelezi ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokutholakala kokufakwa okuhlukumezayo noma okunobuthi... Abafuyi abanogwaja abanolwazi batusa ngokuqinile ukuthi bangazisebenzisi izingxenye zensimbi ekwakhiweni konogwaja, futhi kungakuhle ukuhlanganisa izisekelo nezisekelo zohlaka usebenzisa izingxenye zokhuni nezinto.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakhiwa kwezindonga kuhluke kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amabhodi ahleliwe, amashidi weplywood noma umucu onokwethenjelwa noqinile wale njongo. Ukukhetha kokugcina kuya ngqo ezimweni zezulu endaweni lapho kugcinwa khona onogwaja kanye nokuhluka kwendawo yamakheji.
Ungayikhetha kanjani i-mesh
Inketho enhle kakhulu ibonwa njengemeshini yensimbi, lapho amaseli amiswa khona ngokushiswa ngamabala. Ukulungiswa okunjalo kunika okokusebenza izikhombisi zamandla ezanele, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi ubukhulu bocingo obuncane bube ngu-0.2 cm.Umshini wensimbi kufanele ube nokuvikela ngothayela noma nge-polymer. Insimbi engagqwali ayinakho ukumbozwa okunjalo nhlobo.
I-mesh yaphansi kufanele ibe nosayizi wemeshi ka-2.0x2.0 cm noma u-1.6x2.5 cm.Ukugcina abantu abadala, izinto zokwakha ezinamaseli ayi-2.5x2.5 cm anengxenye encane yocingo engu-0.2 cm zilungile. sebenzisa izintambo zocingo ezinesigaba esiphambanweni esingu-0.2 cm ngosayizi wemeshi ka-2.5x2.5 cm.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amanetha e-aluminium awasetshenziswa ekwakheni ikheji likanogwaja, ngoba into enjalo ilula kakhulu futhi ithambile, ikhubazeka ngokushesha ngokwanele ngaphansi kwesisindo sesilwane esikhulile.
Uphahla lwenqola lwenziwe ngocingo oluminyene olujiyile olunesigaba esingu-3-4 mm ngobukhulu obungu-2.5x15 cm. Kunoma ikuphi, inetha eliphakeme linokuma okulungile kwejometri kwamaseli.
Izici zendawo yeseli
Izici zokufakwa kwamakheji zixhomeke ngokuphelele ezimweni zezulu, ngakho-ke izakhiwo zingabekwa ngaphakathi kuphela, kepha nangaphandle. Imvamisa, abafuyi bonogwaja basebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe kwezilwane zasemapulazini, okusho ukukhipha amakheji ngaphandle lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esifudumele.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi onogwaja kufanele bahlukaniswe nezinhlaka, umswakama ophansi kakhulu noma ophezulu.... Amakheji akufanele abekwe eduze kwamaxhaphozi noma izindawo eziphansi lapho inkungu ivame khona. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele lanele ukuhamba ngokukhululeka komuntu nokugcinwa okungenazinkinga konogwaja.
Lapho ufaka amakheji onogwaja egumbini, udinga ukunakekela ukukhanya okuhle nokuhleleka komoya owanele noma udale imodi yokungenisa umoya efanelekile. Ku-rabbitry, ukukhanyisa kufanele kusetshenziselwe amahora we-8-16, futhi amandla ayo aphezulu ngu-30-40 Lx. Amakheji onogwaja ayahlanzwa futhi agcinwe ngokuya ngohlelo oluhlelwe ngaphambilini.
