I-carp yesiliva iyinhlanzi enkulu engenasawoti yomndeni we-carp. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-carp yesiliva. Iphakela "izinto ezincane" ezihlala kukholamu lamanzi, ngenxa yokuyihlunga ngesihlungi esikhethekile.
Incazelo ye-carp yesiliva
I-carp yesiliva iyinhlanzi enkulu, ejule olwandle, ubukhulu bayo obungafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-150 ubude futhi bube nesisindo esingama-27 kilograms... Kukhona nedatha ebhaliwe ngokutholwa kwezinhlobo ze-carp yesiliva enesisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 kilograms. Le nhlanzi yokufunda isibe yintandokazi kubadobi abaningi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obumangalisayo nenani lokudla okunempilo.
Ukubukeka
Izinhlangothi zomzimba wayo ziyisiliva elinombala ofanayo. Isisu singasuka kokumhlophe okusiliva kuye kokumhlophe okumsulwa. Ekhanda elikhulu le-carp yesiliva kunomlomo ongaguquki, ongenazinyo. Amehlo atholakala kude kakhulu ekhanda futhi akhonjiswe kancane phansi.
Ihluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlanzi ezikwisakhiwo esibanzi sebunzi nomlomo. Isisindo senhloko ye-carp yesiliva ngu-20-15% wesisindo somzimba esiphelele. Amehlo aphansi ahlukaniswe kabanzi enza ibunzi libukeke libanzi.
I-carp yesiliva esikhundleni somlomo ojwayelekile onamazinyo inezinsiza zokuhlunga. Kubukeka njengamaphaphu ahlanganisiwe, njengesipanji. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, uzisebenzisa njengesihlungi ukubamba umthombo wokudla oyinhloko - iplankton. Ngokufaka i-carp yesiliva emachibini okuzalisa izinhlanzi okufakelwayo, ungayilondoloza ngempumelelo ekungcoleni nasekuqhakazeni kwamanzi. Umzimba we-carp wesiliva mude futhi, naphezu kobukhulu obukhulu kangaka, embozwe ngezikali ezincane.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
I-carp yesiliva ithatha izingqimba eziphakathi neziphezulu zamanzi. Zingabonakala emanzini emifula emikhulu, amachibi anamanzi afudumele, amachibi, amanzi angenhla, izindawo ezinamanzi amaningi ezixhunywe nemifula emikhulu. Zingaphila emanzini ahambayo kanye nasemanzini amile. Amanzi afudumele, afudumele anomsinga omnene - indawo ekahle yokuphila kwakhe. Uthukile, mhlawumbe, ngumsinga osheshayo, ezindaweni ezinjalo akahlali isikhathi eside. Izindawo zabo abazithandayo zingenalutho olunokukhanya kwamanje okuncane, okunesihlabathi, okunamadwala noma okunodaka, kanye nezinqolobane zokwenziwa ezicebile ngeplankton enomsoco.
Uma ufuna ukubamba i-carp yesiliva, kufanele uyibheke emanzini angenacala, kude nomsindo wedolobha nemigwaqo emikhulu. I-carp yesiliva iyakwazi ukubekezelela ibanga lokushisa elibanzi (0 kuye ku-40 ° C), amazinga e-oxygen aphansi, namanzi amancane anosawoti. Ukuziphatha kwe-carp yesiliva kuyashintsha ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lehla ngaphansi kuka-8 ° C, inhlanzi iqoqa ngenkuthalo ungqimba lwamafutha. Ngesikhathi kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo (ebusika), uziphonsa ebuthongweni obukhulu. Ukwenza lokhu, i-carp yesiliva ikhetha izimbobo ezijulile ezansi echibini.
Entwasahlobo, amanzi agcwaliswa nge-detritus ne-plankton, ngalesi sikhathi i-carp yesiliva iyahamba ifuna ukudla ngemuva kokulala isikhathi eside. Okokuqala, uhlola ukujula futhi kuphela lapho amanzi efudumala aze afike ku-24 ° C lapho ekhuphukela phezulu.
Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlanzi, iqhutshwa yindlala, ibamba noma yisiphi isicupho, isengozini yokubanjwa kalula. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, ungayibamba nocezu lwenjoloba yegwebu noma isihlungi sikagwayi.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, i-carp yesiliva ingaphila iminyaka engafika kwengu-20. Ngokuya ngokuzalaniswa kwezimboni, lokhu akunanzuzo, ngakho-ke, kuyabanjwa ukuthengiswa ngemuva kokuthi ifinyelele eminyakeni engu-2-3 ubudala, lapho ifinyelela usayizi oyifunayo.
Izinhlobo ze-carp zesiliva
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-carp yesiliva - i-carp yesiliva, i-variegated ne-hybrid.
- Ummeleli wokuqala - Le yinhlanzi enombala okhanyayo kunaleyo yezihlobo zayo. Usayizi womzimba wakhe ulingene. Inhloko ithatha u-15-20% wesisindo somzimba esiphelele. Lolu hlobo luyinhlanzi edla imifino kuphela, ngoba ludla kuphela i-phytoplankton.
- Ummeleli wesibili - umuntu omkhulu, onekhanda elikhulu. Isisindo sayo sicishe sibe yingxenye yesisindo somzimba esiphelele. Akakhethi kangako ekudleni akuthandayo, usebenzisa i-phytoplankton ne-bioplankton.
- Ukubuka kokugcina - umkhiqizo wokuthuthukiswa kwabafuyi. Uye wamunca ngokuphelele izinzuzo zezinhlobo zangaphambilini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lumelana kakhulu namazinga okushisa aphansi emanzini. Unekhanda elincane elifana ne-carp yesiliva, kanti umzimba ukhula ube ngosayizi omkhulu.
Umehluko ezinhlotsheni, njengoba sibonile, awuqukethe ukubukeka nosayizi kuphela, kepha futhi nokuncamelayo kokuthandwa. Abamele izinhlobo ezahlukene bakhetha ukudla okwehlukile, esizokhuluma ngakho ngokuningiliziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-carp yesiliva yaqala ukukhiqizwa e-United States ngawo-1970. Ibhaliswe ezindaweni eziningana eCentral naseNingizimu United States. Bahlala futhi bazalele eMfuleni iMississippi. I-carp yesiliva ivela emifuleni emikhulu e-East Asia. I-carp yesiliva ingumhlali ogcwele oLwandlekazi iPacific, kusuka eChina kuye eRussia Far East futhi, mhlawumbe naseVietnam. Zethulwe emhlabeni wonke, kubandakanya iMexico, iMelika Ephakathi, iNingizimu Melika, i-Afrika, amaGreater Antilles, iziQhingi zePacific, iYurophu kanye ne-Asia yonke engaphandle kohlobo lwazo lwemvelo.
Izinhlanzi ze-carp zesiliva zaqala ukwaziswa e-United States ngumlimi wezinhlanzi wase-Arkansas ngo-1973. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukulawula izinga leplankton emachibini, futhi ngalesi sikhathi i-carp yesiliva yayisetshenziswa njengezinhlanzi zokudla.
Ngo-1981, yatholwa emanzini emvelo ase-Arkansas, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokukhishwa kwayo ezindaweni zasemanzini. I-carp yesiliva isakazeka ngokushesha emifuleni yoMfula iMississippi, kubikwe ezifundeni eziyishumi nambili eziyishumi nambili e-United States.
Baqoshwa okokuqala e-Iowa ngonyaka we-2003 emanzini oMfula iDes Moines, kodwa futhi bahlala emifuleni iMississippi neMissouri. Wabuye wagxila engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Ngemuva kwalokho, baqala ukuyethula emifuleni yaseRussia ne-Ukraine.
Ukudla kwe-carp yesiliva
Inhlanzi yesiliva ye-carp idla kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo, imenyu yayo iqukethe i-phytoplankton... Isitsha esimnandi kakhulu kuye ulwelwe oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza, uthwebula wonke amanzi ahlanzekile ngokuqala kokushisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-carp yesiliva iyisimenywa esamukelekile samachibi amile, ngoba ukudla la ma-algae kusiza ukulwa nomthombo oyinhloko wezifo echibini.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ukudla kwe-carp yesiliva kuncike kubudala bayo nezinhlobo zayo. Lawa ikakhulukazi ama-plankton ezitshalo nezilwane.
I-carp yesiliva iyafana ngokuthanda isakhi sayo semifino. Kepha, kanye ne-phytoplankton, ukudla okuncane kakhulu okuvela ezilwaneni nakho kungena esiswini sayo. Ngenxa yokudla okunothile okunjalo, ikhula ngokushesha, ifinyelela usayizi omkhulu kune-carp yesiliva.
Imisebenzi yabalimi baseRussia ekuzaliseni i-carp yesiliva ehlanganisiwe, ngenxa yokuwela kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezibalulwe ngenhla, ithele izithelo. Lokhu kusizile ukuhlanganisa ukufaneleka kwabo ngendlela eyodwa.
Inhloko ye-carp yesiliva eyi-hybrid ayinkulu njengaleyo ye-variegated, ngenkathi inobukhulu bayo obumangalisayo. Imenyu yayo ibanzi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kweplankton yezitshalo neyezilwane, kufaka phakathi ama-crustaceans amancane. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhlelo lwayo lokugaya ukudla luguqulwa lube yimixube ekhethekile yokuphakela yokuzalanisa okwenziwayo.
Izimo ezikahle kakhulu zokubamba ukhaphethi wesiliva zibhekwa njengamanzi apholile futhi afudumele ngokuphelele. Uma iphakeme, inhlanzi iyondla ngentshiseko enkulu, intanta eduze kwamanzi ashubile angaphezulu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-carp yesiliva yethulwa e-United States, ikakhulukazi e-Arkansas, ngo-1973 ukulawula i-phytoplankton yemizimba yamanzi, indle namachibi. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, bakhuliswa ezikhungweni zocwaningo zomphakathi nasezikhungweni ezizimele zasemanzini. Ngawo-1980, kwatholakala izidumbu zesiliva emanzini avulekile eMfuleni iMississippi River, ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yokukhishwa kwejig yezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sezikhukhula.
Izinduna zesiliva zifinyelela ebusheni lapho zineminyaka engu-3-5. Isikhathi sokukhwelana ngokuvamile siqala ngoJuni, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi amanzi afinyelela izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu - 18-20 ° C. Amakhaza angalimaza ukukhula kwamaqanda, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi zibheka indawo lapho kufudumele khona.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- I-salmon epinki (i-Onchorhynсhus gоrbusсha)
- Ukuphuza okuvamile
- Inhlanzi ye-Rotan (Perssottus glienii)
- I-Fish Asp
I-carp yesiliva ivundile kakhulu. Ngokuya ngosayizi walowo nalowo muntu, angachamusela amaqanda ayizi-500,000 kuye kwangama-1 000 000. Insikazi ye-carp yesiliva izibeka ngokucophelela ku-algae ukuze ikwazi ukunamathisela. Ubude befry esanda kuzalwa abungaphezulu kuka-5.5 mm. Zizalwa sekuvele usuku ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-4, gazinga selivele lilambile futhi selikulungele ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, yona kanye imithambo ebhekene nokuhlunga iplankton emanzini iqala ukwakha kuye. I-variegated ne-hybrid carp eshintshela kwezinye izinhlobo zokudla kuphela ngemuva kwenyanga nohhafu, bese emhlophe izondla nge-phytoplankton.
Izitha zemvelo
Unezitha ezimbalwa, kepha ukhaphethi wesiliva uqobo angadala izingqinamba ezithile, kwabanye abantu abahlala emanzini, nakubadobi uqobo abamzingelayo. Endle, i-carp yesiliva ingadala umonakalo ezinhlotsheni zomdabu njengoba zidla eplankton edingekayo ukuze izinhlanzi ezibabayo nezimbaza zisinde. Isiliva carp nayo iba usongo kulabo abasuka ezikebheni ngenxa "yothando lwabo lokugxuma".
Kuyathakazelisa!I-carp yesiliva iwukubanjwa okwamukelekile kwanoma yimuphi umdobi. Ngakho-ke, inani labo endle lincane. Ezimweni zokuzaliswa kwezimboni noma kwepulazi, kunokuningi kwazo.
I-carp yesiliva iphendula ngokungavamile emisindweni ebukhali. Isibonelo, lapho izwa umsindo wesikebhe esinenjini noma isigwedlo esishaya amanzi, inhlanzi igxumela phezulu ngaphezu kwamanzi. Njengoba lezi zinhlanzi zingakhula zibe ngosayizi omangalisayo, kungaba yingozi kumuntu osesikebheni. I-carp yesiliva ingathwala izifo eziningi, njenge-tapeworm yase-Asia, engadluliselwa kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Zimbalwa kakhulu izidumbu zesiliva ezingaxutshiwe ezisele. Ngasikhathi sinye, bazalisa ngenkuthalo izihlobo zabo eziphikelelayo nezinamandla endaweni yeRussian Federation futhi bekhuthaza ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zalezi zindawo.
Kwezinye izifundazwe zaseMelika, kunalokho, kukhona umzabalazo osebenzayo ngalezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Akukho neyodwa yezinhlobo ze-carp zesiliva ebhalwe ku-Red Book, futhi ayikho imininingwane ethile ngabantu balolu hlobo.
Inani lokuhweba
Amapulazi amaningi ezinhlanzi asebenza ekuzalaneni kwe-carp yesiliva. Zizwana kahle nezinye izinhlanzi, zikhula zibe ngosayizi abakhulu, futhi zisiza ekugcineni idamu lihlanzekile, lidlala indima yokuhleleka kwemvelo. Lolu hlobo lokuzalisa lubhekwa njengolunenzuzo enkulu, ikakhulukazi ngezinga lezimboni. Ukuba khona kwe-carp yesiliva echibini eligcwele cishe kuyaphindaphinda umkhiqizo wezinhlanzi.
Isiliva le-carp inyama ligcwele izakhamzimba... Yiqiniso, kunambitheka kancane kunotshani benkonyane. I-carp yesiliva ingadliwa ngisho nangokudla okungadli ngesikhathi sezifo zomgudu wamathumbu. Inzuzo enkulu ilele kokuqukethwe okunothile kwe-omega-3 ne-omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lezi zinto zisiza emsebenzini wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ukuthuthukiswa kokuzivikela komzimba, kanye nokulondolozwa kobuhle bemvelo nentsha yomzimba. Inyama ecebile ngamaminerali namavithamini ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin, ithuthukise umphumela we-antioxidant emzimbeni.
I-carp yesiliva iyinhlanzi eyingqayizivele yokudla okunomsoco kulabo abafuna ukunciphisa isisindo. Ngesikhathi sokupheka okushisayo, ilahlekelwa yingxenyana yokuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori. I-100g yomkhiqizo ophelile iqukethe cishe ama-calories angama-78. I-carp yesiliva icebile ngamaprotheni, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kwamafutha kuyefana nalokho kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle. Izidlo zalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi ziyaziswa kakhulu ngabantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kaningi kungasiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini.
Okubalulekile!Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lungaba yisithwali sama-parasites abangela i-metagonimiasis lapho ifakwa. Zibukeka njengezikelemu ezinemiqolo emincane, usayizi ongu-1 mm, ozimila ngempumelelo emathunjini.
Ngesikhathi sokutheleleka futhi njengoba zikhula emathunjini, kwenzeka umonakalo kulwelwesi lwayo lwamafinyila. Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo, isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha, ukutheleleka kungakhula emathunjini kuze kube unyaka ongu-1.
