Izakhamuzi eziningi ezingenamgogodla ezinzulwini zolwandle zingaba yingozi empilweni yomuntu. Iningi le-jellyfish likhiqiza izinto ezinobuthi okuthi, uma sezingene ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi lomuntu, zidale izimpawu eziningi ezingemnandi nezinobungozi. I-jellyfish irukandji esinye sezakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi futhi esinobuthi kunazo zonke.
Incazelo nezici ze-Irukandji jellyfish
Iqembu le-irukandji lama-invertebrate lifaka izinhlobo eziyi-10 ze-jellyfish, futhi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo inekhono lokukhiqiza ushevu onobuthi onamandla kakhulu.
Amaqiniso okuqala ngempilo yasolwandle aqoqwa ngo-1952 ngu-academician uG.Flecker. Uqambe igama le-jellyfish "irukandji", Ngokuhlonipha isizwe esihlala e-Australia.
Iningi lesizwe lalakhiwe ngabadobi ababhekana nokugula okunzima ngemuva kokudoba. Kwakungaleli qiniso lokuthi waba nesithakazelo esifundweni, ngemuva kwalokho waqala ukwenza ucwaningo lwakhe.
Uqhubeke nocwaningo lwakhe ngo-1964 nguJack Barnes. Udokotela wazama ngokuningiliziwe yonke imiphumela yokulunywa yi-jellyfish: wabamba invertebrate wazilimaza yena nabanye abantu ababili ngayo, ngemuva kwalokho bayiswa esikhungweni sezokwelapha, lapho babhala khona zonke izifo ezivela kubuthi obungena emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukuzama kucishe kwafika esiphethweni esidabukisayo, kodwa ngenhlanhla kugwenywe. Ukuhlonipha omunye wabatholi beBarnes, i-jellyfish ibizwa ngeCarukia barnesi. Esithombeni u-Irukandji alihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ze-jellyfish, kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele.
I-jellyfish iqukethe umzimba ophethwe, amehlo, ubuchopho, umlomo, amatende. Usayizi irukandji iyashintshashintsha ebangeni le-12-25 mm (futhi lokhu kungubukhulu bepuleti yezipikili yesithupha somuntu omdala).
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ubukhulu bomuntu ngamunye bungaba ngu-30 mm. I-invertebrate ihamba ngejubane elingu-4 km / h ngokunciphisa ngokushesha i-dome. Ukuma komzimba we-jellyfish kufana nesambulela noma idome yomhlophe osobala.
Igobolondo lempilo yasolwandle enobuthi liqukethe amaprotheni nosawoti. Inamatende amane, ubude bawo bungahluka kusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa kuye ku-1 m. irukandji zimbozwe ngamaseli we-strech, abhekene nokukhiqiza into enobuthi.
Izitho zingakhipha ubuthi noma ngabe zihlukanisiwe nomzimba we-jellyfish. Ngaphandle kosayizi omncane wobuthi irukandji inobuthi obuphindwe kayikhulu kunesihlungu semfezi.
I-jellyfish eyingozi iyaluma cishe ngaphandle kobuhlungu: ubuthi bukhishwa ekugcineni kwe-tentacles - lokhu kunikela esenzweni sayo sokuhamba kancane, yingakho ukulunywa kungazwakali.
Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20 ubuthi bungene emzimbeni, umuntu uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu emhlane, ekhanda, esiswini, emisipheni, ngaphezu kwalokho kunesicanucanu esibi, ukukhathazeka, ukujuluka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, umfutho wegazi uyakhuphuka, namaphaphu ayavuvukala.
Izinhlungu eziqhamukayo zingaba nzima kakhulu kangangokuba ngisho nezinhlungu zokulalisa izidakamizwa zivele zingakwazi ukuzivimba. Kwezinye izimo, ngenxa yobuhlungu obukhulu obunjalo obungapheli usuku lonke, umuntu uyafa.
Isethi yezimpawu ngemuva kokubizwa nge-jellyfish bite Isifo se-Irukandji... Ayikho ikhambi lalo shevu, nokuthi umphumela womhlangano nesidalwa esincane esiyingozi uzoba kanjani kuncike kuphela ekhonweni lomuntu ngamunye lesistimu yemithambo yomuntu ukumelana nengcindezi.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Irukandji nendawo yokuhlala
I-Jellyfish ihlala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20, kepha ibuye itholakale ogwini olungajulile. Ngenxa yokuthi irukandji ihlala ngokujula okukhulu, abantu abadonsayo basengozini yokuhlangana nayo.
Abavakashi nabo bawela eqenjini eliyingozi ngalezo zikhathi lapho i-jellyfish isondela ngasogwini. Inani elikhulu lamabhodi selifakiwe emabhishi ase-Australia ngolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana irukandjiukuxwayisa abantu ngengozi engaba khona: amanetha, afakwe emanzini ezindaweni zokugeza, enzelwe izakhamuzi ezinkulu ezingaphansi kwamanzi (ngokwesibonelo, umnyovu wasolwandle) futhi avumela kalula i-jellyfish encane ukuba idlule.
Irukandji kuhola indlela yokuphila ezolile: iningi losuku lukhukhuleka ngemisinga engaphansi kwamanzi. Lapho kuqala ubumnyama, ama-invertebrates aqala ukufuna ukudla.
I-jellyfish isendaweni ejulile efanele ngenxa yekhono layo lokuhlukanisa phakathi kokukhanya namanzi amnyama. Umbono wakhe usesigabeni sokutadisha, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwahlulela ngokwengqondo kuphela ukuthi yini ngempela ebonwa yisidalwa.
I-Irukandji jellyfish ihlala emanzini ageza izwekazi lase-Australia: lawa ikakhulukazi amanzi aseduzane nasenyakatho yezwe, kanye namanzi azungeze iGreat Barrier Reef. Ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, inwebise indawo yayo yokuhlala: kunolwazi lokuthi itholakala eduze nogu lwaseJapan naseMelika.
Ukudla
Uyadla u-Irukandji ngokulandelayo: ama-nematocysts (amaseli ahlabayo) atholakala kuwo wonke umzimba we-invertebrate anezinqubo ezifana nezinhlayiya.
I-harpoon ishayisa umzimba we-plankton, ingasaphathwa kangako emzimbeni wezinhlanzi ezincane, futhi ifaka ushevu. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-jellyfish imdonsela emgodini womlomo bese iqala ukwengeza isisulu ngokweqile.
Ukuzala kabusha kanye nesikhathi sokuphila se-irukandji
Kusukela biology i-jellyfish irukandji kungafundiswanga kahle, kunombono wokuthi zizala ngendlela efanayo ne-cuboid jellyfish. Ama-hormone ocansi afihlwa ngabantu besilisa nabesifazane, ngemuva kwalokho ukukhulelwa kwenzeka emanzini.
Iqanda elikhulelisiwe lithatha isimo sesibungu bese lintanta emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngemuva kwalokho licwila phansi libe yipolyp enamandla okunyakaza. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ama-invertebrate amancane ahlukane ne-polyp eyakhiwe. Isikhathi esiqondile se-jellyfish asaziwa.
