I-belobrovik (lat. Turdus iliacus) inyoni encane yezingoma, emele umndeni we-thrush. Igama lalo lavela ekukhanyeni, kwesinye isikhathi umugqa ophuzi ophezu kwamehlo ngendlela yeshiya.
Incazelo ye-redbrow
Ukufana okujwayelekile kwangaphandle kwaphawulwa phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ze-thrush, ezinjenge-red-browed nenyoni yengoma: usayizi omncane, emuva okumnyama nesisu esilula. Kepha kukhona futhi umehluko okhombise ukuhlukaniswa kwalezi zinhlobo ze-thrush kwabanye.
Ukubukeka
Ikhadi lokuvakasha le-redbird thrush, yiqiniso, yimivimbo elula kakhulu etholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda ngenhla kwamehlo, afana namashiya lapho ebukwa kuphrofayili.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimpaphe zemibala yomnqumo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ensundu emuva ziqhathanisa nokukhanya okuncane okungaphansi okunechashaza elimnyama.
Ingxenye engaphansi yezivalo zamaphiko nesifuba emaceleni kunsundu noma kubomvu ngokubomvu. Abesifazane banqotshwe kakhulu kunabesilisa, okuvame ukuba nzima ukukubona... Uqhwaku luncane futhi lukhombe. Izinyawo nazo zincane ngosayizi, zimnyama ngebala, zinamazipho amancane abukhali. Izimpiko zincane, zikhonjwe ekugcineni, futhi zifinyelela kubude obungu-35 cm.I-Belobrovik incane kunazo zonke izinyoni ezimnyama: ubude bomzimba wayo busuka ku-15 cm kuye ku-23 cm, kanti isisindo sayo sisuka kuma-gramu angama-45. kuze kufike ku-60 gr.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Lezi zinyoni zihamba kakhulu futhi zifuna ukwazi. Zindiza kalula nangomusa, zivame ukushaya amaphiko azo. Bahamba ngomhlabathi ngezitebhisi noma ngokuxhuma, basuke uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuzalisa, bayaxwaya ngokweqile. Babambelela emakhaya abo esisekelweni esiqinile seziphunzi, iziqu zamagatsha ezihlahla, njll. Imvamisa, isidleke singabonakala emahlathini noma otshanini obukhulu emhlabathini. Lezi zinyoni zingabheka kalula izindawo ezintsha, kepha, ngesikhathi sokuzalisa, lezi zithandani zigcina isidleke sazo, indizela emgodini wokunisela kuphela.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuzalisa, zidlula emahlathini ziyofuna ukudla. Zindiza ngemihlambi emincane noma zizodwa, kepha-ke, njengoba zithole ukudla, zingadonsela inani elanele ngokwanele labantu besizwe esikanye nabo ngocingo lokuzibiza, abashesha bathuthele endaweni yokudla. Babheka ukudla ikakhulukazi emhlabathini: ngaphansi kobulembu noma amahlamvu omile. I-belobrovik akuyona eyezinyoni ezihlala ebusika, yize ingesabi isimo sezulu esibandayo - indiza kude ekwindla uma ukutholakala kokudla kukuvumela ukuthi kuhlale isikhathi esiningi, imvamisa lapho isuka, iphambukela emhlanjini omkhulu noma ijoyine imihlambi yezinye izinhlobo ze-thrush.
Abesilisa abasebasha baqala ukwenza imizamo yabo yokuqala yokuqonda kahle inqubo yokucula beseneminyaka engamasonto amabili nohhafu, benza imisindo ehehayo necindezelayo, ngenkathi ingafani ncamashi nezingoma ezimnandi zabantu abadala. Amakhonsathi abo angempela abanjelwa eduze kwesidleke ngesikhathi sokukhwelana bese kuba phakathi nehlobo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube sekwindla, okuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Ingoma iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: iqala ngompempe omkhulu, omuhle wokumemeza okuningana, kufakwe kusuka kumanothi aphezulu kuya kumanothi aphansi, bese kuba khona umsindo omnandi wemisindo ehlukahlukene. Ukuze kubulawe, owesilisa ukhuphukela phezulu esihlahleni. Ukukhala kwakhe okwethusayo kungakhombisa ukusondela kwengozi, kanye nokuqhweba ngokudla okutholakele.
Zingaki iziphequluli ezibomvu ezihlala
Ukubheka kuyaziwa mayelana nesikhathi sokuphila se-thrushes ezimweni zemvelo - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10 nasekuthunjweni - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20... Kodwa-ke, kunjalo, ukunqoba ngokuya ngempilo "yomculi" ophoqelelwe, umbuzo uvela ngekhwalithi nokuqukethwe kwempilo enjalo. Kungcono ukunikeza lezi zinyoni ithuba lokuzimela zodwa endaweni yazo yemvelo, ziphile impilo yazo emfushane, zigcwele konke ukunakekelwa kwezinyoni nenjabulo, futhi zilalele ukucula kwakhe ngezikhathi zokuxhumana nemvelo, eze kuye, futhi angathathi ingxenye yazo ngendlela yesidalwa esiphilayo "ipharadesi" elisemadolobheni.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ama-belobrovik ahlala ahlanganisiwe noma anqabile, ikakhulukazi ama-birch, amahlathi ase-Europe nase-Asia, akhetha indawo enamaphethelo avulekile, ama-glades. Ingaphila emapaki nasezikweleni zasemadolobheni, izindawo ezinamasiko asezindaweni zasemakhaya, emahlathini amancane, emabhandeni asehlathini. Kudingeka isiziba eduze. Awuthandi amahlathi aminyene amnyama we-coniferous. Ebusika, indizela eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeYurophu, e-Asia Minor nasenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Ukudla kwebhali elibomvu
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-brows-white is emhlabathini: izimpethu, ama-mollusks, izinambuzane, namachwane afakwa ngokufanayo. I-thrush emhloshana omhlophe ingumthandi wezinambuzane eziyizinambuzane: hhayi labo abakhasa esihlahleni kuphela, kodwa nalabo abahlala ngaphansi kwegxolo, kanye namacimbi, izibungu nezinye izinambuzane ezifisa ukuzitika esihlahleni, zingaba ukudla kwe-thrush emhlophe. Inyoni elambile izodla nokunye ukudla kwamaprotheni: amabhungane, izicabucabu, ojekamanzi, izimvemvane, izikelemu ezahlukahlukene, ama-slugs, kanye nokudla kwezitshalo: imbewu, amahlumela, iziqu zemithi. Amajikijolo alezi zinyoni ayisibiliboco - adla ngenjabulo zombili imbewu noginindela. Okokuqala, badla ama-strawberry, ama-blueberries, ama-raspberry, bese kuthi ama-lingonberry, ama-currants; ezindaweni ezisenyakatho - ama-blueberries, ama-cloudberry, nasezingadini - ama-cherry, ama-plums, ama-gooseberries.
Izitha zemvelo
Ingozi enkulu kulezi zinhlobo idalwa yizilwane nezinyoni ezizingela amaqanda namachwane we-thrushhes emhlophe: ama-squirrels, martens, jays, crow, woodpeckers, njll. Izimpungushe nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye nazo ziyingozi kubantu abadala, nakuba zingakudeleli ukubambelela esidlekeni.
Okubalulekile! Ikakhulukazi amaqanda amaningi ayafa ngesikhathi sokufaka izidleke zakuqala, lapho amahlamvu ebambezeleka ngokujika.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, izidleke azikafihlwa eqabungeni futhi zisebenza njengezisulu ezilula zabahlaseli abanoboya nezimpaphe.... Izilwane ezinemibala emhlophe ezihlaliswe eduze nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu zingacasulwa yizilwane ezifuywayo ezichitha izidleke zomhlaba, noma amakati noma izinja ezifanayo, ezizonakalisayo noma ezibeka usongo ngqo ezinyonini nasematshweleni azo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-thrush emhlophe emhlophe iqala ukwakha isidleke entwasahlobo, kakhulu: ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Kokubili izihlahla ze-hemp nezincane kanye nezihlahlana zingaba yindawo yokwenza ikhaya lesikhathi esizayo, kanti izidleke ngokwazo zitholakala endaweni ephansi ukusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi.
Amagatsha omile, izimpande, utshani namaqabunga yizinto zokwakha. Ubumba nomhlaba kusebenza njengezinto ezihlanganisayo. Abazali besikhathi esizayo bazama ukufihla isidleke esime njengesitsha.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokwesakhiwo esinjalo, insikazi ingabeka amaqanda okuqala ngesonto bese iqala ukuwafukamela nowesilisa amasonto ama-2. E-clutch kunamaqanda ama-2-6 ombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anezindawo ezibomvu ngokubomvu.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, amaphuphu azodinga isikhathi esifanayo ukuthola amandla futhi aqale imizamo yokuzimela yokundiza nokuzitholela ukudla. Kepha kuze kube manje, bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekondliweni nasekunakekelweni kwabo, okuqhubeka kuze kube yisikhathi lapho amaphuphu ekulungele ngokuphelele ukuphila ngokuzimela. Emavikini amabili nohhafu, amazinyane aqala ukushiya izidleke ngomzamo wokuthola ulwazi lokuphila kanye nokudla phansi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bathutha ngenkuthalo amabanga amade, kepha abantu abadala balungisa ukunyakaza kwabo ngemisindo yezwi.... Kuzothatha ezinye izinsuku eziyi-7-10 ukuthi amaphuphu afinyelele ebudaleni futhi abazali bangayeka ukuwanakekela. Uma i-brood ikhula ngesivinini esisheshayo futhi ishiya isidleke ingunaphakade, khona-ke abesifazane bangakha enye i-clutch.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lwezinombolo ze-thrushes, ngokusho kokulinganisela okuhlukahlukene, kusuka ku-6 kuya ku-50 nangaphezulu kwezigidi ngazimbili futhi akusilo olwezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Kodwa-ke, eYurophu, le nyoni enebhalu elibomvu iyinhlobo yezinyoni engaphansi kokuqapha nokulawula ukusatshalaliswa kwayo ukuze ivikele futhi ivimbele usongo lokwehla okukhulu kwamanani ayo.
