Lezi zinkawu ziphakathi kwezinkawu ezinkulu ezintathu ezidume kakhulu, kanye nezimfene nama-gorilla, futhi eziseduze kakhulu, ngokwakhiwa kwegazi nokwakheka kwe-DNA, kubantu. Akukona nje ukuqondana kwezifo ukuthi izizwe zendawo zaqamba lo muntu ohlala ehlathini, ehamba phansi ngemilenze emibili, "indoda yehlathi" - "orang" (indoda) "utan" (ihlathi). Ngemuva kokufunda ngokuningiliziwe i-DNA yalesi silwane futhi waqinisekisa ukufana kwaso nesakhe (i-97% ukuqondana kwezinto), umuntu wagcina ulwazi olungenasisekelo ngalesi "sihlobo" esithandekayo.
Futhi negama lakhe lisabhalwa ngokungeyikho, engeza uhlamvu "g" ekugcineni, aguqule "umuntu wehlathi" abe "okweletayo", ngoba "utang" ekuhumusheni kusuka kuMalay kusho "isikweletu".
Incazelo yama-orangutan
Ama-orangutan ayizinhlobo zohlobo lwezimfene ezidla izambane likapondo, zime phakathi kwezinye izilwane ngezinga eliphakeme lokukhula... Imvamisa ama-orangutan adidaniswa nozakwabo wase-Afrika - enye inkawu esethuthuke kakhulu - i-gorilla. Okwamanje, kunokwehluka okuyisisekelo phakathi kwabo, kokubili kwangaphandle nokuziphatha.
Ukubukeka
Ama-orangutan aphansi kunama-gorilla ngosayizi. Kepha lokhu akuwona umehluko wabo omkhulu. Asikho esinye isilwane eMhlabeni esingafana kakhulu nesilwane futhi sifane nomuntu. Unezinzipho, hhayi uzipho, amehlo ahlakaniphe ngokumangazayo, ukubukeka okuhle kobuso, izindlebe ezincane "zomuntu" nobuchopho obukhulu, obuthuthukile.
Ngokuma kwama-homo sapiens amile, ama-orangutan afinyelela ku-150 cm, kepha ngasikhathi sinye isisindo esinzima - singaba nesisindo esingu-150 kg noma ngaphezulu. Konke kumayelana nokulingana komzimba. I-orangutan inemilenze emifushane nomzimba omkhulu oyisikwele onesisu esiwugqinsi. Izingalo zinde kakhulu - zombili ngokuqhathanisa nomzimba nangemilenze. Ziqinile, zinemisipha, zisiza ama-orangutan kalula, futhi nangomusa, "ukundiza" phakathi kwezihlahla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ubude bezingalo ze-orangutan ngobubanzi budlula kakhulu ukuphakama futhi bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5. Lapho inkawu isesimweni esime mpo, izingalo zayo zilenga ngaphansi kwamadolo futhi zifinyelela ezinyaweni, zibe wusizo olwengeziwe lapho zihamba phansi.
Isakhiwo esikhethekile sesithupha, esivelile futhi esigobile ngehuku, sisiza i-orangutan ukuba ibambelele ngobuhlakani emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ezinyaweni, izithupha nazo ziyaphikisana nezinye futhi zigobile, kepha azithuthukisiwe futhi azisizi kangako. Izinzwani ezigobile zezidladla zangaphambili nazo zisiza inkawu ukuba ikhethe kalula izithelo ezihlahleni, kepha lokhu kungumsebenzi wazo. Imilenze enjalo ayikwazi ukwenza izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.
Ama-Orangutan ambozwe izinwele ezibomvu ezinzima. Yinde, kepha ayijwayelekile, okungamangalisi uma kunikezwe isimo sezulu esishisayo sehlathi elishisayo. Umbala wejazi ushintsha umthunzi kanye neminyaka ye-primate - kusuka kobomvu ngokugqamile ebusheni, kuya kokusobala ekugugeni.
Uboya busatshalaliswa ngokungalingani emzimbeni we-orangutan - ezinhlangothini bujiyile futhi buvame kakhulu esifubeni. Umzimba ongezansi nezintende zezandla cishe akunalutho. Ama-Orangutan asho ubufebe ngokobulili. Abesilisa babo banikezwe izici eziningi ezivelele: iminyango esabekayo, "intshebe" ehlekisayo nezihlathi "ezikhukhumele". Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlathi zabesilisa ziyakhula njengoba zikhula, zakha iroli ezungeze ubuso. Izinsikazi ze-Orangutan azinantshebe, izimpondo, noma amaqolo ebusweni futhi usayizi wazo mncane kakhulu, futhi amathambo wona mancane. Isisindo sabo esijwayelekile asidluli ama-50 kg.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
I-orangutan ichitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwayo ezihlahleni.... Okuhlukile yizinyamazana ezinkulu zesilisa, isisindo sazo esisongela amagatsha.
Lezi zinkawu zihamba zisuka esihlahleni ziye kwesinye, zisebenzisa ngenkuthalo imikhondo yazo emide futhi eqinile. Inhloso yalokhu kufuduka ukuthola umthombo wokudla. Uma kunokudla okwanele phezulu, i-orangutan ngeke icabange ukwehlela emhlabeni. Uzozakhela ukufana kombhede wesidleke ngamagatsha agobile bese elala phansi, ehola impilo yokuzilibazisa nokulinganisa. Ngisho ukoma okuvelile, le nkawu izokhetha ukucima ngamanzi etholakala ngenhla, emaqabungeni noma emigodini yezihlahla ezishisayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokungafani nezinye izinkawu, ama-orangutan awagxumi asuke kwelinye igatsha aye kwelinye, kodwa asuka esihlahleni aye esihlahleni, abambelele ezihlokweni nasemivinini eguquguqukayo ngezingalo nemilenze.
Bayizilwane ezinamandla kakhulu. Isisindo sabo esibalulekile asivimbeli ekunqobeni iziqongo zamamitha angama-50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banokuhlakanipha okwanele kokwenza umsebenzi wabo ube lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Isibonelo, esiqwini esinameva sesihlahla se-kapoko, ama-orangutan enza "amagilavu" akhethekile avela emaqabungeni amakhulu avumela ukuthi afinyelele kalula enhlosweni yawo - umuthi omnandi wesihlahla.
Ama-Orangutan angaxhumana esebenzisa iqoqo lemisindo. Le nyani izwakalisa ubuhlungu nentukuthelo ngokuhayiza nokukhala. Ukukhombisa usongo esitheni, ushicilela ukukhipha okukhulu nokushaya. Ukubhonga okuzondisayo kwendoda kusho ukufakwa kwendawo futhi kuboniswa ukuheha abesifazane. Isikhwama somqala we-orangutan, esifuthelana okwebhola, siqhume umsindo onqamukayo ophenduka ukukhala komphimbo, sisiza ukunika amandla kulokhu kuduma. "Amaphimbo" anjalo azwakala eqhele ngekhilomitha.
Ama-Orangutan angabantu abanesithembu. Okungukuthi, ngokuvamile, akuyona into ejwayelekile yezinkawu. Kuyenzeka ukuthi baphila njengezithandani. Kepha imiphakathi emikhulu endaweni eyodwa ayinakwenzeka ngenxa yokushoda kokudla kwawo wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke ama-orangutan ahlakazeka ibanga komunye nomunye. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa baqapha ngokucophelela imingcele yensimu lapho kuhlala khona izidleke zakhe.
Uma umuntu ongaziwa ezulazula endaweni evikelekile, umnikazi uhlela ukusebenza kokulwa. Njengomthetho, akezi "ukuhlasela", kepha kunomsindo omkhulu. Izimbangi ziqala ukunyakazisa izihlahla futhi ziphule amagatsha azo, zihambisana nalezi zenzo ezibhubhisayo ngokumemeza okulinganayo. Lokhu kuqhubeka kuze kube yilapho omunye "wabaculi" ephula izwi lakhe futhi esekhathele.
Ama-Orangutan awakwazi ukubhukuda. Futhi bayawesaba amanzi, abawathandi, bagwema imifula futhi bazimboze emvuleni ngamaqabunga amakhulu njengesambulela.
I-orangutan ine-metabolism ehamba kancane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi angahlala ngaphandle kokudla izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kukhona inguqulo yokuthi isilinganiso semetabolism (30% esingaphansi kwesivamile ngesisindo somzimba esinjalo) sibangelwa indlela yokuphila yamabele kanye nohlobo lokudla oludla imifino kuphela.
Ama-Orangutan izidalwa ezinokuthula. Abajwayele ukuba nolaka futhi banomoya ophansi, onobungane futhi ohlakaniphile. Lapho behlangana nomuntu abangamazi, bakhetha ukuhamba futhi bona ngokwabo kabalokothi bahlasele kuqala.
Noma zibanjiwe, azikhombisi ukumelana okuqinile, okuhlukunyezwa ngumuntu, ukubamba lezi zilwane ngenzuzo.
Izinhlobo ze-Orangutan
Isikhathi eside kakhulu, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zama-orangutan zazilinganiselwe ezinhlotsheni ezimbili: iSumatran neBornean / Kalimantan - ngemuva kwegama leziqhingi zase-Indonesia abahlala kuzo. Zombili lezi zinhlobo ziyefana kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakukhona ngisho nohlobo lokuthi ama-orangutan aseSumatran naseKalimantan ayengabamele uhlobo olufanayo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mbono wabonwa njengephutha, umehluko watholakala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kukholakala ukuthi iKalimantan orangutan inkulu kuneSumatran, kanti iSumatran ayivelakancane. Kukhona amahlosi esiqhingini sakhe futhi ukhetha ukuhlala kude nabo, kuyaqabukela ehlele phansi. I-Kalimantansky, ingenazo lezi zilwane eziseduze, ivame ukushiya isihlahla.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwakukhona ukugcwaliswa kabusha kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-orangutan... Kutholwe uhlobo olusha - eSumatra, esifundeni saseTapanuli. ITapanuilskiy yaba uhlobo lwesithathu lwama-orangutan nolwesikhombisa phakathi kwezinkawu ezinkulu.
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi imidlwane yabantu baseTapanuli, yize behlala esiqhingini esisodwa neSumatran, basondele kakhulu kusakhiwo se-DNA kunaleso seKalimantan. Bahlukile ezihlotsheni zabo zaseSumatran ekudleni kwabo, izinwele ezisontekile, nezwi eliphakeme. Ukwakheka kogebhezi nemihlathi ye-Tapanuil orangutan nakho kwehlukile kubazala - ugebhezi lincane futhi ama-canine abanzi.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila sama-orangutan ezimweni zemvelo iminyaka engama-35-40, ekuthunjweni - 50 nangaphezulu. Zithathwa njengompetha bokuphila isikhathi eside phakathi kwezinkawu (kungabalwa abantu). Kunezimo lapho i-orangutan yaphila iminyaka engama-65.
Indawo yokuhlala
Le ndawo incane kakhulu - iziqhingi ezimbili e-Indonesia - eBorneo naseSumatra. Zimbozwe emahlathini emvula aminyene nasezintabeni, namuhla ukuphela kwekhaya lazo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zama-orangutan. Njengendawo yokuhlala, lezi zinhlobo ezinkulu ze-anthropoid zikhetha izindawo eziphansi ezinamanzi ezinotshani behlathi.
Ukudla kwe-Orangutan
Ama-Orangutan ngabantu abadla imifino kuphela. Isisekelo sokudla kwabo siqukethe: izithelo (umango, amaplamu, ubhanana, amakhiwane, izithelo zedurian), amantongomane, amahlumela, amaqabunga, amagxolo ezitshalo, izimpande, ujusi, uju, izimbali futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane, iminenke, amaqanda ezinyoni.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngokwemvelo, ama-orangutan awanazo izitha... Okuwukuphela kwento engafani nengwe yeSumatran. Kepha esiqhingini saseBorneo, asikho, ngakho-ke izinhlobo zama-orangutan zendawo zihlala ngokuphepha okulinganiselwe.
Usongo olukhulu kulezi zinhlobo ze-anthropoid ezithanda ukuthula zingabazingeli abazingeli kanye nomsebenzi omningi ngokweqile womnotho womuntu, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwendawo esivele isilinganiselwe yezilwane ezingavamile.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-orangutan ayinayo inkathi ehlukile noma inkathi yokuzalanisa. Bangakwazi ukushada noma nini lapho befuna. Futhi lokhu kuhle ekukhiqizeni, kepha akunikezi ukwanda okubonakalayo kwesibalo sabantu. Iqiniso ngukuthi abesifazane be-orangutan bangomama abanamahloni abondla amawundlu abo isikhathi eside futhi, empeleni, bangawavumeli aphume ezandleni zabo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, owesifazane oyedwa, ngenkambo ephumelelayo yemicimbi, uyakwazi ukukhulisa ama-cubs angaphezu kwama-6. Lokhu kuncane kakhulu.
Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-8 nohhafu. Kuzalwa ingane eyodwa, kuyavama ukuthi kube kabili. Isisindo esijwayelekile se-orangutan yengane cishe siyi-2 kg. Uzogibela umama wakhe, abambelele ngokuqinile esikhunjeni sakhe, ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi esenga. Futhi ubisi lukamama ekudleni kwakhe kuzoba yiminyaka emithathu! Bese kuthi-ke iminyaka embalwa ahlale eduze kukanina, azame ukungamlahli. Kuphela lapho eneminyaka engama-6, ama-orangutan aqala impilo yokuzimela, futhi avuthwa ngokocansi, njengabantu, kuphela ngeminyaka eyi-10-15.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ama-Orangutan asengcupheni yokuqothulwa futhi abhalwe kuRed Book... Ngakho-ke, inani lezinhlobo zeSumatran neTapanuil selivele limenyezelwe njengelibucayi. Izinhlobo zeKalimantan zisengozini.
Okubalulekile! Njengamanje, ama-orangutan aseKalimantan abalelwa ezigidini ezingama-60, ama-orangutan aseSumatran - izinkulungwane eziyi-15, kanye nama-orangutan aseTapanuil - angaphansi kwabantu abangama-800.
Kunezizathu ezi-3 zalokhu:
- Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, okunciphise ngokuphawulekayo uhla lwalezi zinkawu eminyakeni engama-40 edlule.
- Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho. Lapho isilwane siyivelakancane, intengo yaso iba phezulu emakethe emnyama. Ngakho-ke, ukufunwa kwama-orangutan kukhula kuphela, ikakhulukazi amawundlu awo. Imvamisa, ukuze bathathe ingane kunina, abazingeli bayayibulala, okudala ukulimala okungenakulungiseka kubantu bezinhlobo.
- Ukuzalanisa okusondelene kakhulu, ngenxa yezindawo ezincane nezinomkhawulo, kuholela ekuguqukeni okuyingozi.
