Lesi silwane esihle esinamandla siyancomeka ngakho konke ukubukeka kwaso. Endulo abantu babemkhulekela. Isithombe sakhe singabonakala ku-sarcophagi yamathuna asendulo nasezindongeni zemihume yabantu bakudala. Njengophawu lwe-heraldic, lesi silwane sihlale simelela amandla nokukhuthazela. Abantu bambiza ngenhlonipho - "elk" - ngokufana kokuma kwezimpondo ngegeja lezolimo.
Igama elisemthethweni ngu "elk", elivela ku-Old Slavonic "ols", elinikezwe isilwane ngombala obomvu woboya bamawundlu aso. Ezinsukwini zakudala, abantu baseSiberia babebiza i-moose ngokumane - "isilo". AmaNdiya angama-Apache aseNyakatho Melika anenganekwane mayelana ne-elk ekhohlisayo, kanye neCanada - ngomuntu ohloniphekile. E-Vyborg, kwakhiwa isikhumbuzo se-elk, okwathi, ngokulahlekelwa impilo yakhe, kwasindisa abazingeli abalahlekile ephaketheni lempisi.
Incazelo ye-Elk
U-Elk yisilwane esincelisayo, ungowokuhlelwa kwama-artiodactyls, okungaphansi kwe-ruminants, umndeni wezinyamazane nohlobo lwe-elk... Inani eliqondile lama-elk subspecies alikasungulwa. Ihlukahluka kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-8. Okukhulu kunayo yonke yi-subspecies yase-Alaskan ne-East Europe, encane kunazo zonke yi-Ussuri, enezimpondo ezingafani neze-elk, ngaphandle kwama "blades".
Ukubukeka
Emndenini wezinyamazane, indololwane yisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke. Ukuphakama kokubuna kungafinyelela ku-2.35 m, ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela kumamitha amathathu, kanti isisindo singafinyelela kuma-600 kg noma ngaphezulu. Ama-moose amaduna ahlala emakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Ngaphezu kosayizi, ama-moose ahlukaniswa nabanye abamele umndeni wezinyamazane ngezici eziningana:
- umzimba: umzimba mfushane futhi imilenze mide;
- ukwakheka kwezimpondo: kuvundlile, hhayi ukuma mpo njengenyamazane;
- ine-hump efana nokubuna;
- ikhanda likhulu kakhulu ngesici "se-hump-nose" kanye nodebe olungenhla olunamanzi;
- ngaphansi komphimbo wendololwane yesilisa kukhona ukuphuma kwesikhumba okuthambile, kuze kufike ku-40 cm ubude, okubizwa ngokuthi "icici".
Ngenxa yemilenze emide, i-moose kufanele ingene shà emanzini noma iguqe ukuze idakwe. Ijazi le-elk linzima ukuthinta, kepha linengubo yangaphansi ethambile, eminyene efudumeza isilwane lapho kubanda. Ebusika, ijazi likhula ngo-10 cm ubude. Uboya obude kunabo bonke emsungwini busendleleni ebunayo nentamo, okwenza ngaphandle ibukeke njengemane futhi yakhe umqondo wokuba khona kwe-hump emzimbeni wesilwane. Umbala wejazi - ngokuguquka kusuka kokumnyama (emzimbeni ophezulu) kuya koku nsundu (engxenyeni engezansi) futhi kube mhlophe - kuye emilenzeni. Ehlobo, i-moose iba mnyama kunasebusika.
U-Elk ungumnikazi wezimpondo ezinkulu phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo.... Isisindo sezimpondo singafinyelela kuma-30 kg futhi sibe nobude obungamamitha ayi-1.8. Abesilisa kuphela abangaqhosha ngalo mhlobiso wekhanda. Ama-moose ezinsikazi ahlala engenazimpondo.
Njalo ngonyaka - ekupheleni kwekwindla - indololwane ilahla izimpondo zayo, ihamba ngaphandle kwazo kuze kube sentwasahlobo, bese ikhula emisha. Lapho indololwane indala, izimpondo zayo zinamandla ngokwengeziwe, zibanzi "ifosholo" lazo nezinqubo ezimfushane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimpondo ziyawa ngenxa yokwehla kwenani lamahomoni ezocansi egazini le-moose ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhwelana. Izinguquko zehormonal ziholela ekuthambekeni kwethambo endaweni lapho izimpondo zinamathisela khona kugebhezi. Izimpondo ezilahliwe ziqukethe amaprotheni amaningi futhi zingukudla kwamagundane nezinyoni.
Amathole e-moose athola izimpondo ezincane ngonyaka. Ekuqaleni, zithambile, zimbozwe isikhumba esincanyana noboya be-velvet, obenza babe sengozini yokulimala nokulunywa yizinambuzane, okudala ukungakhululeki okuphawulekayo esilwaneni. Ukuhlushwa okunjalo kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili, kuthi lapho izimpondo zethole ziba nzima, futhi ukunikezwa kwegazi kuye kuyeke.
Inqubo yokuchitha izimpondo ayilimazi isilwane, kodwa kunalokho ukukhululeka. Ebusika, ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhwelana, azidingeki yi-elk, zenza kuphela ukuhamba eqhweni ngesisindo esengeziwe ekhanda.
Indlela Yokuphila
Ama-Elks ahlala kakhulu, ancamela ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa uma izimo zikhululekile futhi kunokudla okwanele. Ubusika obunensika ejiyile nokuntuleka kokudla kuyabaphoqa ukuba basuke.
Ama-moose awalithandi iqhwa elijulile, afuna izindawo zasebusika lapho ikhava yeqhwa ingeqi isigamu semitha. Okokuqala, abesifazane abane-moose baya emgwaqeni, abesilisa bayabalandela. Babuya ezindaweni zokuhlala zasebusika entwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika, ngokulandelana - udwendwe luholwa ngabesilisa nabesifazane abangenabantwana.
I-moose ingahamba ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha ayi-15 ngosuku. Ngendlela, zigijima kahle, zifinyelela isivinini esifinyelela kuma-55 km ngehora.
Ama-moose akuzona izilwane ezifuywayo. Bahlala ngokwehlukana, ngamunye ngamunye noma abantu abangu-3-4. Bahlangana ngamaqembu amancane kuphela ezindaweni zokuhlala ebusika futhi ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo baphinde bahlakazeke ngezindlela ezihlukile. Izindawo zokubutha izinyamazane zezindawo zokuhlala ebusika zibizwa ngokuthi "amakamu" eRussia, kanye "namagceke" eCanada. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-moose afinyelela ku-100 ahlangana ekamu elilodwa.
Umsebenzi we-Moose uncike kwisizini, noma kunalokho, kuzinga lokushisa elikhona. Ekushiseni kwasehlobo, ama-moose awasebenzi phakathi nosuku, acashe ekushiseni nasezimbanjini ezisemanzini, ezindulini zamahlathi ezingena umoya, emthunzini wamahlathi aminyene. Ziyaphuma ziyokondla lapho ukushisa sehlile - ebusuku.
Ebusika, kunalokho, ama-moose adla emini, nasebusuku, ukuze afudumale, alala eqhweni, njengebhere elisemgodini, angena kuwo, cishe ngokuphelele. Izindlebe nokubuna kuphela okunamathela ngaphandle. Uma izinga lokushisa komzimba we-moose lehla laya kuma-degree angama-30, isilwane sizobulawa yi-hypothermia.
Kuphela ngenkathi ye-rutting, ama-moose ayasebenza, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isikhathi sosuku sini kanye nokushisa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukushisa komzimba kwe-moose kusuka ekugijimeni ngokushesha lapho kushisa kungakhuphukela kuma-degree angama-40 futhi kuholele ekushiseni kwesilwane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuxoshwa kwemvelo okukhethekile, okukhiqizwa yi-moose esikhundleni sokujuluka okuvamile - okubizwa nge- "grease".
Kuvikela isilwane ekulungeni kwezinambuzane ezimunca igazi, kusindisa emakhazeni, kodwa futhi kudlala ihlaya elinonya uma kushisa kakhulu. Gcoba, uvale izimbotshana zesikhumba, uvimbele umzimba ukuthi ungapholi masinyane.
I-Moose izwa kahle futhi ayiboni kahle... Ngokwazi ukuzwa nomuzwa wephunga kuthuthukiswa ku-elk, amehlo abo abuthakathaka kangako. I-moose ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa isibalo somuntu esinganyakazi ebangeni lamamitha angama-20
I-Moose ibhukuda kakhulu. Lezi zilwane ziyawathanda amanzi. Bayidinga njengokusindiswa kumiyane, nanjengomthombo wokudla. I-moose ingabhukuda ize ifike kumakhilomitha angama-20 futhi ingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu.
Elk akuzona izilwane ezingqubuzanayo... Izinga lokuhlukumezeka kwabo lenyuka kuphela ngenkathi yesizini. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho i-elk isebenzisa izimpondo zazo ngenhloso ehloselwe yona, ilwa nembangi yabesifazane. Kwezinye izimo, lapho ihlaselwa impisi noma ibhere, indololwane iyazivikela ngemilenze yayo yangaphambili. I-moose ayihlaseli kuqala futhi, uma kunethuba lokubaleka, ibaleke.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Imvelo isilungiselele isikhathi sokuphila esiqinile se-moose - iminyaka engama-25. Kepha ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lesi sidlakela esithanda ukuthula akuvamile ukuthi siphile kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12. Lokhu kungenxa yezilwane ezidla ezinye - izimpisi namabhere, izifo nabantu abasebenzisa ama-moose ngezinhloso zabo zokudoba. Ukuzingelwa kwe-Elk kuvunyelwe kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuJanuwari.
Indawo yokuhlala
Inani eliphelele le-elk emhlabeni lisondele esigidini nesigamu. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yabo bahlala eRussia. Bonke abanye bahlala eMpumalanga naseNyakatho Yurophu - e-Ukraine, eBelarus, ePoland, eHungary, emazweni aseBaltic, eCzech Republic, eFinland, eNorway.
Kuyathakazelisa! IYurophu yaqothula i-moose yayo ngekhulu le-18 nele-19. Ngabona kuphela ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lapho sengiqale ukwenza izindlela zokuzivikela zezinhlobo ezilodwa, ukuqeda izimpisi, nokuvuselela amasimu amahlathi. Inani le-elk labuyiselwa.
Kukhona ama-moose enyakatho yeMongolia, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, e-USA, e-Alaska naseCanada. Kwezindawo zokuhlala, i-elk ikhetha amahlathi e-birch nephayini, ama-willow nama-aspen amahlathi asogwini lwemifula namachibi, yize ingahlala ethafeni nasezintabeni. Kepha, noma kunjalo, kukhethwa amahlathi ahlanganisiwe anezihlahla eziminyene.
Ukudla kwe-Elk
Imenyu yezinyamazane ihambisana nesikhathi sonyaka... Ehlobo, kungamaqabunga ezihlahlana nezihlahla, izitshalo zasemanzini notshani. Kukhethwa kuqala umlotha wasentabeni, i-aspen, i-maple, i-birch, i-willow, i-bird cherry, ama-pods amanzi, iminduze yamanzi, i-horsetail, i-sedge, i-willow-herb, i-sorrel, utshani obude besambulela. U-Elk akakwazi ukukha utshani obuncane. Intamo emifushane nemilenze emide ayikuvumeli. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, amakhowe, amajingijolo nama-lingonberry bushes, kanye namajikijolo, angena ekudleni kwe-elk. Ekwindla, kukhulunywa ngokukhonkotha, ubulembu, ubulembu namaqabunga awile. Ngobusika, i-elk ihambela amagatsha namahlumela - ama-raspberries asendle, i-rowan, i-fir, iphayini, i-willow.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isilinganiso sansuku zonke se-moose yi-30 kg yokudla kwezitshalo, ebusika - 15 kg. Ebusika, ama-moose aphuza kancane futhi awalidli iqhwa, okugcina ukushisa komzimba.
I-moose eyodwa ingadla amathani ayi-7 ohlaza ngonyaka. U-Elk udinga usawoti njengomthombo wamaminerali. Uwuthola ezikhungweni zikasawoti ezihlelwe ngabagcini bemidlalo, noma ekhotha usawoti emigwaqeni. U-Elk ubuye wabonakala edla ama-fly agarics. Leli qiniso aliqondakali ngokuphelele, kepha kukhona inguqulo yokuthi inani elincane lesikhunta esinoshevu lisiza isilwane ukusula umgudu wamathumbu wama-parasites. Ngokwenye inguqulo, ama-moose adla amanaman kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqina - ukukhulisa amandla awo.
Izitha zemvelo
Aziziningi zazo, zinikezwe usayizi wendololwane. Zimbili kuphela eziyinhloko - impisi nebhere. Amabhere ahlasela ama-moose lapho abalambile beshiya imihume yabo ngemuva kokulala ubusika. Amasu okuhlasela ayakhethwa ukuze i-moose ingakwazi ukulwa nayo ngezidladla zayo zangaphambili. Ukuze benze lokhu, bazama ukuqhubekisela indololwane emahlathini aminyene. Impisi ikhetha izindawo ezineqhwa elincane lokuhlaselwa. Eqhweni elijulile, umhlaseli akakwazi ngisho nokubamba ithole elincane. Njengesisulu, izimpisi zizama ukukhetha isilwane esigulayo noma izilwane ezisencane. I-moose endala ihlaselwa ngumhlambi kuphela, isondela ngemuva.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana nge-elk siqala ngo-Agasti-Septhemba futhi sihlala izinyanga ezimbili... Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele uhlale kude nalesi silwane. Abesilisa baba nolaka, amazinga abo ama-hormone ocansi awekho kumashadi. Zilahlekelwe ukuqapha nokuqapha, ziyaphuma ziye emigwaqeni, zibhonge kakhulu, ziklwebhe izihlahla ngezimpondo zazo, ziqhekeze amagatsha, zicasule amanye amaduna ukuba alwele insikazi. Impi yama-moose amaduna amadala ibukeka isabisa futhi ingaphela ngokufa komunye wabaphikisi.
Okubalulekile! U-Elk yisilwane esisodwa. Akalweli umhlambi, kodwa ulwela owesifazane oyedwa.
Ukusuka ekumataniseni kuya ekutholeni, kudlula izinsuku ezingama-240, futhi kuzalwa inkonyane le-moose, imvamisa eyodwa, kaningi kabili. Usabuthakathaka, kodwa masinyane uzama ukufika ezinyaweni zakhe. Emavikini okuqala okuphila, izinyane lisengozini enkulu. Akakwazi ukunyakaza okude, angathola kuphela amahlamvu ezingeni lokukhula kwakhe futhi ancike ebisi lukanina. Uyithuba lakhe kuphela lokusinda.
Izinkomo zama-moose zondla amaphuphu azo ngobisi izinyanga ezine. Ubisi lwe-moose lunonile kunobisi lwenkomo futhi alunoshukela kangako. Iqukethe amaprotheni aphindwe kahlanu. Akumangalisi ukuthi ithole le-moose likhula ngokuxhuma futhi libekelwe kokuphakelayo okunjalo futhi ekwindla linesisindo esingu-150-200 kg. U-elk osemncane uvuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka emibili ubudala.
Inani lokuhweba
U-Elk uyisilwane somdlalo... It is ezifuywayo kalula. Ithole lasendle le-moose, ngemuva kokudla kokuqala, linamathela kumuntu impilo yonke. Ama-moose ezinsikazi ajwayela ukusenga ngokushesha. Ubisi lwe-Elk luthengiswa ngezakhi zalo zokudla okunomsoco futhi lusetshenziselwa izinhloso zokwelapha, ezifweni zomgudu wamathumbu. Isikhathi esisodwa sokuncelisa - izinyanga ezine - inkomazi inikela ngamalitha angaba ngu-500 obisi. Ama-Elks asetshenziswa njengezintaba. Bangakwazi ukubophela i-sleigh nokugibela. Ziqinile kakhulu futhi zibalulekile ezindaweni ezimangelengele nangesikhathi sezincibilikisi.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango, kwakukhona iqembu elikhethekile ebuthweni likaBudyonny, amasosha alo ayegibela indololwane enqamula indawo enamaxhaphozi enzima yase-Ukraine naseBelarus. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwamukelwa ngesikhathi sempi yeSoviet-Finnish futhi kwaphumelela kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! AbaseSweden basebenzisa ubulembu bezinsephe ukukhiqiza iphepha elilondoloze imvelo, elibiza kakhulu.
Inyama ye-Elk isetshenziselwa ukudla, isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kososeji ababhemayo abangahlaza nokudla okusemathinini. Izimpondo ze-Elk zisetshenziswa ekhemisi. Into ephilayo esebenzayo ihlukanisiwe nezimpondo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
U-Elk akabhalisiwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba noma e-Red Book yase Russian Federation. Namuhla, isimo sayo sokuzivikela sikhathaza kakhulu.