Izibankwa ze-Pangolin ziyiqembu eliyingqayizivele lezilwane ezibukeka njenge-artichoke enkulu noma isigaxa se-spruce. Izikali zazo ezinzima zakhiwe nge-keratin, etholakala ezimpondweni zobhejane nasezinweleni zomuntu.
Incazelo yama-pangolins
Igama elithi Pholidota lisho ukuthi "isilwane esiklwebhile"... Kunezinhlobo eziyi-8 kuphela emhlabeni omhlophe. Ulimi olude nolunamathelayo olufinyelela ku-40 cm ubude, kanye nomsila omude ziyikhadi labo lokushaya. I-Pangolin awekho amazinyo. Umsebenzi wabo wenziwa ngamatshe adliwayo kanye neziqu ezisezindongeni zesisu. Babodwa ababhekana nokunqunulwa nokulungiswa kokudla.
Ukubukeka
I-Pangolin ifana nokubukeka njenge-anteater. Isici esikhulu sokuhlukanisa ubukhona bezikhali ezenziwe ngamapuleti aqinile. Imboza cishe wonke umzimba wepangolin ngaphandle kwesisu, ikhala nengaphakathi lezidladla. Amapuleti aqinile wokuzivikela ngemuva ayenza ibukeke njenge-armadillo.
Ngesikhathi sengozi, i-pangolin igobeka ibe yibhola, kulesi sikhundla izikhali ziyimboza ngokuphelele. Kulokhu, ufihla ikhanda lakhe ngaphansi komsila. Amapuleti e-corneous abuyekezwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okudala kuyasulwa, kunikeza ithuba lokukhula okusha. Kamuva, ziyaqina futhi ziqine. Amapuleti ngokwawo akhiwe nge-keratin - into eyisisekelo sepikili yomuntu. Igobolondo le-pangolin lenziwa ngokwemvelo ukuze livikeleke.
Usayizi, umbala, inombolo kanye nokuma kwesikali ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zama-pangolin nakho kwehlukile. Kungase kube khona nokwehluka phakathi kwezilwane zohlobo olufanayo. Imvamisa, kunemigqa engu-18 yesikali esidlulanayo esizungeze umzimba, siyimboza ngokuqhubekayo kuze kufike esicongweni somsila. Izinhlobo zase-Afrika zehlukile kunezase-Asia. Banomugqa ophindwe kabili oqala okubili kokuthathu kwendlela eya esiqongweni somsila. Umbala ungasuka kokunsundu okumnyama kuye kokuphuzi futhi kufaka phakathi amathoni ansundu omnqumo, amathoni aphuzi ngokukhanyayo nophuzi. Izikali azikho ngokuphelele engxenyeni engezansi yekhanda, zombili izinhlangothi zobuso, umphimbo nentamo, isisu, izinhlangothi zangaphakathi zezitho, isifonyo kanye nesilevu. Lezi zingxenye zimbozwe ungqimba omncane woboya.
Amakhanda ezibankwa mancane futhi acabalekile, namehlo mancane. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwendlebe, izindlebe zingase zibe yinto eyisisekelo noma zingabi bikho ngokuphelele. Imilenze yangaphambili inamandla kakhulu kunemilenze yangemuva, inezinzipho ezinkulu ezisiza ukudabula izintuthwane. "I-manicure" enjalo ayifanele ukuhamba, ngakho-ke i-pangolin ihamba ngokugoba izitho zangaphambili.
Umzimba wesigcilikisha sepangolin uvulekile, ungaba yindilinga noma isicabalele... Ulimi lunamathela ethanjeni le-hyoid futhi luphelela ekujuleni kwe-ribcage, njenge-anteater enkulu nelulwane olunezindebe eziyindilinga. Impande yokwandiswa itholakala phakathi kwe-sternum ne-trachea. Izibankwa ezinkulu zikwazi ukwelula izilimi zazo zifike kumasentimitha angama-40, kuzenze zibe wugqinsi olungu-0.5 cm kuphela.
Kuyathakazelisa!Umsila unamandla futhi uyahamba, yize umbozwe esikalini. Imfishane, imile kahle futhi ivame ukubhekwa njenge-prehensile. Kuwo, ezinye izinhlobo zingalenga egatsheni lesihlahla.
Ngenhloso yokuzivikela (ngaphandle kokugingqeleka ebholeni), izibankwa zingakhipha uketshezi olunuka kabi lwe-musky kusuka kwizindlala eziseduze ne-anus, ezifana nalezo ze-skunk. Ubukhulu be-pangolin buyehluka ngezinhlobo. Ngenhloko, ubude bomzimba buba ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-90, umsila usuka kumasentimitha angama-26 kuye kwangama-88, kanti isisindo silinganiselwa ku-4 kuya ku-35 kilograms. Abesifazane ngokuvamile baba bancane kunabesilisa.
Indlela yokuphila yePangolin
Abanakho ukuzwa okubukhali nokubona. Amehlo abo amancane ambozwe amajwabu amehlo awugqinsi, okudingeka ukuwavikela ekulunyweni izinambuzane ezincane ezifana nomuhlwa nezintuthwane. Njengenxephezelo, imvelo ibaklomelise ngomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga, ebavumela ukuthi bathole isisulu sabo.
Izibankwa ziyizinhlobo zombili zasemhlabeni kanye nezama-arboreal (ezikhuphukayo). Amanye ama-dinosaurs ase-arboreal ahlala emigodini yezihlahla, kuyilapho izinhlobo zasemhlabeni ziphoqeleka ukuthi zimbe imigudu ngaphansi komhlaba, ngamamitha ayi-3.5 ukujula. Ezinye izinhlobo zingahlala zombili izihlahla zomhlabathi nezangaphakathi, yize zihlukaniswa njengeziwumhlaba noma i-arboreal. Izibankwa "abagibeli" nabo bangabhukudi abahle.
Amapangwini asebusuku, asebenzisa imizwa yawo ephucukile yokuthungatha izinambuzane zokudla. I-raptor enomsila omude (manis in tetradactyla) iyasebenza futhi iyisikhathi. Kepha ngokujwayelekile, ama-pangolin achitha ingxenye enkulu yosuku elele, esongwe ebholeni. Ukuze zidle izinambuzane, kufanele ziphule izidleke, zizibambe ngolimi olude.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ezinye izinhlobo, njengezibankwa zezihlahla, zingasebenzisa imisila yazo eqinile. Zilenga emagatsheni ezihlahla bese ziklebhula amagxolo esiqwini, ziveze izidleke zezinambuzane ngaphakathi.
UPangolin uvamise ukuba yilungu lezilwane elinamahloni, elinesizungu futhi elingahlangani, uziphatha kancane futhi uyaqapha. Kodwa-ke, uma kufiswa, zonke izinhlobo zingahamba ngokushesha. Lapho zingqubuzana, zizigoqana zibe yibhola elinezimphetho ezibukhali zesikali, ziveze ukuzivikela kwazo. Isimo nokuziphatha kwabo okuhlukile, kufaka phakathi amandla okuzisonga ngezikhathi zengozi ezayo, kufana nesimangaliso sendalo. Ngokuhamba kwemisila nezikali zazo, zisabisa kakhulu izilwane ezizingelayo. Futhi, izindlala zemfihlo zisetshenziswa njengezici ezivimbelayo.
Isikhathi sokuphila
AmaPangolin ahamba ebusuku futhi ayimfihlo kakhulu, ngakho-ke adume kanzima ukuthi angatadishwa, futhi izici eziningi zomlando wazo wempilo zihlala ziyindida. Ukuphila kwezibankwa zasendle akukaziwa.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izibankwa zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nase-tropical zase-Afrika nase-Asia... Zitholakala e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kufaka phakathi i-India, iThailand, iMyanmar, iSouth China, iMalacca Peninsula, i-Indonesia, iPhilippines nezinye iziqhingi.
Izibungulu zihlala ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amahlathi emvula, ihlathi elinamanzi, idlelo, i-steppe, izwe elivulekile, amahlathi aminyene nemithambeka yezihlahla, njengoba lezi zindawo zicebile kumthombo wokudla we-pangolin - izintuthwane nomuhlwa. Ama-Pangolin ayingxenye ebalulekile yama-webs okudla asemhlabeni, abulala izinambuzane (ikakhulukazi izintuthwane kanye nomuhlwa) nokuba yizisulu zezingwe, amabhubesi, amahlosi, ama-hyenas nama-python.
Ukudla kwe-Pangolin
Amaphengini adla umuhlwa nezintuthwane... Imilenze yazo enamandla, enezinzwane eziyisihlanu kulowo nalowo, inezinzipho ezinde, eziqinile ezisiza ekufuneni ukudla. Ngabo, yena, enza imizamo emikhulu, udiliza izindonga zezintuthwane. Ngemuva kwalokho ifaka ulimi lwayo olude emgodini ovelayo bese ilinda inyamazane. Lapho izintuthwane zinamathela olimini, uzibuyisela emlonyeni wakhe futhi azigwinye ngokuphepha.
Futhi akuyona le ndlela kuphela yokubamba izintuthwane. Amathe e-Pangolin afana noju olumnandi lwezintuthwane eza kuzo zonke zigijima. Ngakho-ke, kwanele ukuthi isilwane simane sihlale phansi ngokuthula sikhiphe amathe ukuze inyamazane ingene emlonyeni wayo iyodwa. I-Pangolin iyathandeka ekukhetheni kokudla futhi ayondli cishe noma yini ngaphandle kwezintuthwane kanye nomuhlwa, ngakho-ke, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyigcina isithunjiwe ngempumelelo. Kepha kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-pangolin ezingenazimiso ezingaphikisani nokudla izikelemu, amakhilikithi, izimpukane nezibungu.
Izitha zemvelo
Isitha esikhulu se-pangolin ngumuntu. Usongo olukhulu kumaphangoni ukuhweba ngokungemthetho kwezilwane zasendle. IPangolin ithathwa njengesilwane esincelisayo esethengiswa njalo kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Kuyathakazelisa!E-China naseVietnam, inyama yayo ibhekwa njengesibiliboco futhi isetshenziswa njengokungajwayelekile ezindaweni zokudlela eziningi. Ibuye idliwe kaningi e-Afrika.
Ukulangazelela inyama yesigcilikisha nezitho zomzimba wayo, kuholele ekutholeni isimo sezinhlobo zezilwane "ezisengozini" futhi "ezisengozini". Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe amaphangoni angaphezu kwesigidi yize bekuvinjelwe ukuhweba.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-120 kuye kwayi-150. Izinsikazi zezilokazane zase-Afrika zivame ukuzala ingane eyodwa ngesikhathi, futhi ukukhwelana kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka. Kukholakala ukuthi owesifazane wase-Asia angazala ingane eyodwa kuya kwezintathu enempilo, kepha lolu lwazi alukabhalwa.
Isisindo sokuzalwa sisukela ku-80 kuye ku-450 amagremu. Ekugqobeni amaphangini, izingane zihlala emgodini phakathi namasonto okuqala angama-2-4 okuphila.... Bese i-pangolin encane, ngenkathi ihamba ngaphandle komgodi, ibambelela emsileni wayo. Ukulunyulwa kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala. Izibankwa zePangolin zivuthwa ngokocansi zineminyaka emibili.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Amaphengwini ayazingelwa ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-Afrika... Ingenye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zenyama yomdlalo. Izibankwa nazo zifunwa kakhulu eChina ngoba inyama yazo ithathwa njengesibiliboco. Amanye amaShayina akholelwa ukuthi inyama ye-pangolin inciphisa ukuvuvukala, ithuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi isize abancelisayo ukuthi bakhiqize ubisi. Zizingelwa izikhumba nezikali ezisetshenziselwa ukugqoka neziphandla.
Ukuzingela izibankwa, kuhlangene nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, kuholele ekwehleni kwesibalo sezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane, njengezibankwa ezinkulu. Izinhlobo ezine zepangolin zisengozini yokuqothulwa. Lawa yi-pangolin yaseNdiya (M. crassicaudata), iMalay pangolin (M. javanica), i-pangolin yaseChina (M. pentadactyla), kanye ne-pangolin yasemhlabeni (M. temminckii).
Okubalulekile!Iziphathimandla zilwa nokuqothulwa kwazo ngokubeka unswinyo ekubanjweni kwamaphangoni nasekuthengisweni kwenyama nezinye izimpahla ezenziwe ngazo.
Ukulima akuyona inketho yokukhulisa inani lama-pangolin. Kunzima kakhulu ukugcina ekuthunjweni ngenxa yokulutha kwabo kokudla. Futhi kubalulekile kuzidingo zepangolin nezendawo yokuhlala. Isikhathi sokuphila sokuthunjwa sifushane kakhulu, esingavumeli ukuthola inzalo enempilo ukuze kugcinwe izinhlobo. Futhi, into engaziwa ngempilo eyimfihlo ye-pangolin ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kohlelo lokuphathwa kwabantu olusebenzayo.
