Umqali weqabunga owesabekayo Ingabe elinye lamaxoxo amancane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Inombala ogqamile futhi ihlala emahlathini ashisayo kuphela. Isigaxa seqabunga sinezici eziningi ezihlukile ezenza sigqame kwamanye amaxoxo. Futhi, lesi sidalwa sathola isihloko esithi "esabekayo" ngesizathu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Umqali weqabunga owesabekayo
Umqansa omubi weqabunga akazange azitholele igama lakhe ngengozi - lelixoxo elincane lingesinye sezidalwa ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni. Ubuthi bayo yi-batrachotoxin, ekhubaza ngokushesha izitho zokuphefumula nenhliziyo. Ixoxo lingelohlobo lwamaxoxo akhuphuka amaqabunga, emndenini wamaxoxo wamadada. Uhlobo lwabagibeli bamaqabunga luyaziwa ngezimpawu zalo ezinobuthi. Isicucu seqabunga elilodwa likwazi ukukhiqiza ama-micrograms angama-500 obuthi ngosuku, okuyinto eningi, inikezwe usayizi omncane wabamele uhlobo lohlobo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Iningi lezinto ezifakwe kulo shevu zikhiqizwa ngenxa yokudla kwalawa maxoxo, ngakho-ke ekuthunjweni zilahlekelwa ubuthi bazo.
Amaxoxo ambozwe amafinyila, angangena esikhunjeni futhi abangele imiphumela emibi. Lapho uthintana nesikhumba, lo shevu uzobangela ukufa noma ungadala izinkinga ezahlukahlukene ngomsebenzi wohlelo lokuphefumula. Uma ingena kulwelwesi lwamafinyila, esiswini noma egazini, ubuthi busebenza ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokuthintana nexoxo elinjalo, kufanele okungenani ugeze izandla zakho. Wonke amaxoxo enhlobo anebala elikhanyayo, elisexwayisweni.
Ngenxa yalo mbala, ba:
- sifihle ehlathini lemvula phakathi kwezitshalo eziluhlaza, izimbali nezithelo;
- uxwayise izilwane ezinkulu ezizokwazi ukubulala ixoxo ukuthi zinobuthi, kanti ukufa kwazo kuzoba nemiphumela yokufa kwesilwane.
Umqansa omubi weqabunga ungowomndeni wamaselesele. Ngokuphikisana negama, abakwazi ukuhlala ezihlahleni kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemasimini, ezindaweni zokuhlala, emadlelweni nasezindlwini. Amaxoxo omndeni athanda isimo sezulu esiswakeme, yize engahlali emanzini noma eduze kwemithombo emikhulu yamanzi. Ngenxa yombala wabo ogqamile, abamele umndeni wamaselesele abazesabi izidlakela. Zisebenza kuphela emini futhi zilala ezindlini zazo ebusuku.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ixoxo ngumqansa omubi weqabunga
Umqansa omubi weqabunga ungomunye wamalungu amancane kakhulu omndeni. Usayizi wayo omkhulu ufinyelela kumasentimitha ama-4. Umbala wexoxo une-asidi, uyakhanya: uphuzi, umcako, uluhlaza okotshani, i-orenji, umngcele obomvu. Abantu abamhlophe abaphaphathekile babonakala ngezikhathi ezithile.
Akunzima ukuthi izidumbu ziqaphele ixoxo elinje endaweni evulekile, kepha umgibeli weqabunga onombala wakhe uxwayisa ngobuthi bawo. Kwesinye isikhathi amaxoxo anemivimbo emnyama emilenzeni yangaphambili nasekhanda eduze kwamehlo. Uma ixoxo selivele ligugile, kungavela izinhlaka ezimnyama eziyindilinga ezinobukhulu obuhlukile emzimbeni wayo.
Ividiyo: Umqali wamaqabunga owesabekayo
Isisu nengxenye yangaphakathi yezidladla zomuntu okhuphuka amaqabunga ilula ukwedlula umzimba, futhi kwesinye isikhathi umthunzi ufinyelela kokumhlophe okunobisi. Amehlo makhulu, amnyama, atholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda futhi ahlohla kancane phezulu. Amakhala amancane ekugcineni kwesifonyo abonakala kahle.
Iminwe yabagibeli abayesabayo ayinazo ulwelwesi, okuvimba lowo okhuphukayo ukubhukuda. Kepha ekugcineni komunwe ngamunye kunophawu oluyindilinga - izinkomishi zokudonsa, ixoxo elihamba ngazo ezindaweni eziqondile. Sekukonke, abagibeli bamaqabunga abesabekayo baneminwe emine emide. Kwesinye isikhathi zimbozwa ngamabala amnyama noma zibe nomthunzi omnyama ukwedlula wonke umzimba womuntu.
Lapho kukhiqizwa imisindo, abagibeli bamaqabunga, njengamaxoxo amaningi, bafaka isikhwama sebele. Esikhumbeni somgibeli owesabekayo weqabunga, ungabona ngokusobala izimbotshana ezikhipha ubuthi - lonke ixoxo limbozwe amafinyila anobuthi. Lo shevu awalimazi amasele ngokwawo, kanye nabanye abantu balo mndeni nohlobo lozalo.
Uhlala kuphi umgibeli omubi weqabunga?
Isithombe: Umqansa wamaqabunga owesabekayo ezindaweni ezishisayo
Lawa amaxoxo asezindaweni ezishisayo ahlala ikakhulukazi eningizimu nasentshonalanga yeColombia. Zikhetha amahlathi eminyene anezimila eziningi. Bahlala emazingeni aphansi ezindawo ezishisayo - otshanini, izimbali, ezimpandeni zezihlahla nezitshalo.
Lezi zilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini zivame ukubonakala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- INingizimu neMelika Ephakathi;
- IPanama;
- ICosta Rica;
- ENicaragua.
Umqansa omubi weqabunga akazakheli izindawo zokuhlala unomphela - ebusuku uzifunela ikhaya elisha. Imvamisa bachitha ubusuku ngaphansi kwamaqabunga aminyene, izimpande, phansi ngamatshe amanzi, begqekeza emhlabathini omanzi. Futhi zingabonakala zicathama otshanini obumbiwe nasemifantwini yezihlahla, amatshe kanye nomhlaba.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamaxoxo, abagibeli bamaqabunga abazona izinyoni zamanzi, yize bedinga umswakama. Azihlali eduze kwamanzi agelezayo, zigwema imifudlana futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, nemifula. Lokhu kungalungisiswa ngosayizi wabo, ngoba noma imuphi umfudlana wamanzi ungaminza umuntu omncane kangako. Kepha abagibeli bamaqabunga badinga umswakama, ngakho-ke bathanda ukuhlala lapho kunomphumela wokushisa okushisayo, futhi babhukude emathonsi amazolo amakhulu noma emadamini emvula.
Kusuka ezihlanzweni ezishisayo, amaxoxo acasha ezihlahleni eziphezulu zezihlahla, acashe ngemuva kwamaqabunga abanzi noma emifantwini yegxolo lezihlahla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izizwe zasendaweni zisebenzisa ubuthi bexoxo ukufaka imicibisholo enoshevu.
Abagibeli bamaqabunga abesabekayo izidalwa ezihlala endaweni ezivikela umngcele omele abamele ubulili babo. Manje uyazi ukuthi ixoxo elibi elinyuka iqabunga lihlala kuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi yini edliwa i-amphibian enobuthi.
Udla ini umgibeli omubi weqabunga?
Isithombe: Umqali weqabunga owesabekayo onobuthi
Abagibeli bamaqabunga abesabekayo bayizidalwa ezinesibindi, okwenza imetabolism yabo isheshe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinsuku ezintathu zendlala, ezivame ukubonwa ngamanye amasele, zingabulala abakhasi beqabunga. Bahlale bedinga ukondliwa, esiswini sabo kufanele kube nokudla okugayekayo.
Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwabagibeli ababi beqabunga kufaka phakathi:
- izintuthwane, kuhlanganise nobuthi;
- amabhungane amancane;
- imikhaza;
- izintethe;
- izimpukane;
- izicabucabu ezincane;
- amabhu;
- ama-springtails;
- izintwala zezinkuni.
Ulimi lwabaqwala amaqabunga alulude kangako - lucishe lubude bomzimba wexoxo. Zizwela ekunyakazeni okuncane futhi zingabazingeli abanesineke kakhulu. Ifihlwe endaweni eyimfihlo, umgibeli weqabunga uyasibona isisulu futhi asivumele ukuba sisondele ngangokunokwenzeka. Bese ephonsa ulimi lwakhe olude, olunamathelayo, abambe inyamazane ayidle khona lapho. Onoshobishobi abanyuka ngamaLeaf badla ukudla kwezitshalo kanye nemfucumfucu engokwemvelo. Ziyakwazi nokudla amaqanda ezinye izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini. Umqansa omubi weqabunga uvame ukuphakanyiswa njengesilwane esifuywayo. Kulokhu, amaxoxo anikezwa ukudla kabili ngosuku: ekuseni nakusihlwa, kanye nase-terrarium, izilwane kufanele zitholakale ukuze umgibeli weqabunga akwazi ukuthola isidlo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Ukudla kwabagibeli bamaqabunga asekhaya kuvame ukufaka:
- i-collembula (i-arthropods encane, evame ukusetshenziswa njengokudla);
- izikelemu zegazi;
- izicabucabu;
- izintwala zezinkuni;
- abenzi bamapayipi;
- impukane yezithelo.
Ukudla okunjalo kunciphisa ubuthi bamaxoxo, kubenze bangabi yingozi kakhulu ukugcinwa ekuthunjweni.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Umqali weqabunga owesabekayo ovela eRed Book
Ngokuvamile, umgibeli weqabunga owesabekayo akesabi kangako - abahlaseli kuqala futhi anobuthi kuphela kulabo abahlasela ngamabomu. Abesifazane nabesilisa abanakho umehluko wobulili wangaphandle, kepha bahlukile ngokuziphatha. Abesilisa balwa bodwa. Umuntu ngamunye okhuphuka amaqabunga wesilisa unendawo yakhe, lapho kuhlala khona abesifazane besuka kwabathathu kuya kwabayishumi. Abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane, bayabavikela ekungeneleleni kwamanye amaduna.
Uma kuvela omunye owesilisa eduze, umnikazi wesayithi uqala ukukhombisa amakhono akhe: uyakhala, futhi ukukhala kwakhe kufana ne-trill yenyoni. Abesilisa ababili bangahlala babhekane amahora amaningi bese bememeza kakhulu. Akuvamile ukuthi kube nokulwa - abesilisa bayakwazi ukulumana, futhi futhi bashaye ngezidladla zabo - lokhu kufana nokubambana kwesitayela samahhala. Uma owesilisa oza ewina, uxosha umnikazi wensimu futhi azithathele isiza kanye nezinduna zabesifazane.
Kwesinye isikhathi abesifazane bangaba nolaka komunye nomunye - isizathu salokhu kuziphatha asikaziwa. Bangakwazi futhi ukuthethisana noma ngisho nokulwa, kepha imvamisa banokuthula. Abesifazane ngokuzulazula bejikeleza isiza sowesilisa futhi ngaphandle kwemiphumela bangaya kwamanye amasayithi kwamanye ama-harem. Yize kunempilo yendawo, abantu bomuntu okhuphuka amaqabunga bahlala ngokuhlukana. Azinazo izindawo zokukhosela ezivamile, azizingeli ndawonye, futhi azinalo uhlobo oluthile lobukhosi.
Umuntu ngamunye uchitha usuku lonke ezingela - balinda izinambuzane ezindaweni zokuqamekela. Ebusuku, ziya ezindaweni zokukhosela - lokhu kungafakazelwa ukuthi ebusuku izidlakela zingahle zingakwazi ukuhlukanisa umbala oyisixwayiso wexoxo futhi zilidle, okuzoba kubi kubo bobabili. Ekhaya, umgibeli weqabunga owesabekayo naye angaxazululwa ngamaqembu ezinsikazi eziningana noma owesilisa nabesifazane. Zizizwa zikhulu ku-terrarium futhi zizalela kalula.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umqali weqabunga owesabekayo
Abaqwala amaqabunga abesabekayo banesistimu yokuthomba engajwayelekile - kuya ngosayizi wexoxo, hhayi iminyaka yalo. Ukuze iqale ukukhiqiza inzalo, owesilisa udinga ukufika ebangeni lokungenani ama-3, 7 cm, bese kuthi owesifazane - u-4 cm. izihlahla zokucasha ngamaconsi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhasi esibi seqabunga sizalwa singenabo ubuthi, futhi kuphela ngeminyaka, ngokudla, sithola izinto ezivumela ukukhiqizwa kobuthi.
Owesilisa uvundisa bonke abesifazane besifazane ngalesi sikhathi. Ukufakwa komquba kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwamaqanda, ahlala ezweni elinomswakama ngaphansi kwamatshe noma amaqabunga. Imvamisa, abesifazane bakhetha ukubeka amaqabunga e-bromeliad. Awekho amaqanda amaningi - cishe izingcezu ezingaba ngu-15-30, ngakho-ke cishe wonke amaxoxo asinda.
Insikazi ishiya i-clutch ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhulelwa, ishiye owesilisa. Iduna liqaphe imfantu eminingi ngasikhathi sinye, lifihle amaqanda emhlabathini omanzi futhi liwavikele ekungenelweni okungenzeka. Kwesinye isikhathi uze axube i-caviar ukuze umswakama usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo.
Ngemuva kokuvela kofuba, owesilisa uwaqoqa emhlane wakhe - banamathela kuwo ngosizo lwamafinyila futhi bahlala kuwo isikhashana, bedla izinto ezifihliwe isikhumba sowesilisa. Futhi, amasele esikhathi esizayo adla izinsalela zeqanda leqanda. Abekho engozini emhlane kayise, ngakho-ke bakuso isikhathi esingangesonto.
Onoshobishobi bangahlala emanzini, kodwa lapho bathambekele ekuhlaselweni bodwa futhi badle imiqolo. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, baba amaxoxo agcwele. Akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi abagibeli bamaqabunga abesabekayo bahlala isikhathi esingakanani endle, kepha ekuthunjweni nokunakekelwa okufanele, baphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10.
Izitha zemvelo zomgibeli omubi weqabunga
Isithombe: Ixoxo ngumqansa omubi weqabunga
Umqansa omubi weqabunga cishe akanazo izitha zemvelo. Ngenxa yombala wayo, izilwane ezidla ezinye zithanda ukweqa lolu hlangothi lwasemanzini, ngoba ezingeni lemvelo ziyaqonda ukuthi umbala ogqamile uwuphawu lwengozi. Ngakho-ke, umgibeli wamaqabunga uyaphila, eheha ngamabomu izilwane ezidlayo futhi angazifihli ezindaweni eziyimfihlo.
Kepha kwesinye isikhathi izidalwa ezilandelayo zingadla umgibeli omubi weqabunga:
- izinyoka ezinobuthi nezibankwa, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Azihlukanisi imibala, ngakho-ke zingahlasela umgibeli owesabekayo weqabunga ngaphandle kokuqonda umbala wazo wokuxwayisa;
- izicabucabu ezinkulu. Abaqwala amaLeaf, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, bangangena kuwebhu, lapho bengakwazi ukuphuma khona. Izicabucabu ezinobuthi nazo zisengozini yokuthola ubuthi bamaxoxo, ngakho-ke bobabili abantu bangafa;
- izinyoni ezincane, ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
Imvamisa, onoshobishobi bayahlaselwa - emifudlaneni nasemachibini badliwa yizinhlanzi, izinyoni ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi, izibankwa, izicabucabu nezinyoka. Onoshobishobi abanabo ubuthi, ngakho-ke bayisinkwa esiphundu sabamele abaningi bezilwane ezishisayo.
Umqali omubi weqabunga akaholeli indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo - ngenxa yombala wayo ogqamile, ungabonakala kude, ikakhulukazi lapho i-amphibian ihleli kumagxolo amnyama esihlahla. Uma umgibeli weqabunga ehlaselwa ngumzingeli othile noma inyoni, uqala ukumemeza kakhulu. Abaze babaleke noma bacashe; ngokuphambene nalokho, umgibeli owesabekayo weqabunga ngokushesha uya ngakumhlaseli bese ekhala. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuziphatha kuthela izithelo - umhlaseli ususwe masinyane, ngoba ukuxhumana nomkhasi weqabunga, oqhubeka ngokuya esitheni, kuyabulala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Umqali weqabunga owesabekayo onobuthi
Abaqwala amaLeaf basondele endaweni esengozini. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Isibonelo - ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Izindawo zehlathi elinemvula zakhiwa ngabantu, futhi lokhu kubhubhisa indawo engokwemvelo yabagibeli bamaqabunga abesabekayo. Ngokubambisana namahlathi, ukubhujiswa kohlobo olukhashelwa ngamaqabunga. Ngisho ukuzila ukudla kwezinsuku ezintathu kuyalimaza le amphibian, kepha baya ngokuya bashiye ngaphandle kokudla okwanele.
Futhi, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu - ukungabi bikho kwemvula, ukubanda okungazelelwe nokubandayo kufudumele kubakhweli bamaqabunga abesabekayo, abasetshenziselwa amazinga athile okushisa azinzile. Vele, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo - abagibeli bamaqabunga basabela ngokuzwela kudoti wokukhiqiza.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinhlobo ezinobutha ezifana nezicabucabu, izinyoka nezibankwa. Ngenxa yokushoda kokunye ukudla, baya ngokuya bahlasela abantu abagibeli bamaqabunga abesabekayo, okuholela ekuphazanyisweni kwabantu ezinhlangothini zombili. Kukhona ukwenqaba ukukhiqiza kabusha. Ngenxa yokushoda kokudla nezimo zokuphila ezingazinzile, abagibeli bamaqabunga bayazishaya indiva isikhathi semvula nesikhathi sokukhwelana, nakho okuthinta abantu.
Ukubamba abagibeli bamaqabunga njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Lokhu akulimazi kangako kubantu, ngoba ezimweni ze-terrarium, abagibeli bamaqabunga abesabekayo bahlala isikhathi eside futhi bayazala, kepha-ke, ukubanjwa kwabantu abadala basendle kuvame ukuholela ekuhlukumezeni kwabo abantu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amasele angakufanele ukuhlala ekhaya.
Ukuqapha umgibeli weqabunga omubi
Isithombe: Umqali weqabunga owesabekayo ovela eRed Book
Umqansa omubi weqabunga, kanye namanye amaxoxo ama-dart anobuthi, ubhalwe kwiRed Book yamazwe omhlaba ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokusiza ekunqandeni ukuphela kwalesi silwane yilezi ezilandelayo:
- ukubamba abantu besikhasi esibi samaqabunga bese besiyisa ezindaweni ezivikelwe, izinqolobane;
- ukuzalanisa abagibeli bamaqabunga ema-zoo nasekhaya nabafuyi ngenhloso yokuqhubeka nokudedela abantu baye endle;
- ukulawulwa kokuzenzela kwabantu bezilwane ezingasongela umgibeli owesabekayo weqabunga;
- ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulawula noma ukucindezela ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nezinto ezinobungozi ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Zithinta kabi impilo yezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, kufaka phakathi umgibeli omubi weqabunga.
Azikho izinyathelo eziningi kakhulu ezingathathwa, njengoba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu akunakwenzeka noma kunzima kakhulu ukukuvimbela. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bacwaninga ngokuhlukahluka kwempilo yala maxoxo ukuze bakwazi ukuwavumelanisa ngokuzayo nezimo zokuphila ezintsha. Lokhu kuzovumela abagibeli bamaqabunga abesabekayo ukuba bathuthelwe kwezinye izindawo lapho kungekho lutho oluzobasongela.
Umqali weqabunga owesabekayo - isidalwa esimangalisayo. Ngaphandle kokuthi ziphakathi kwezidalwa ezinesihlungu kakhulu emhlabeni, zikulungele ukuhlala ekhaya. Abaqwala amaqabunga basekhaya bathambekele ngokuthula kubantu, futhi ngenxa yezimo zokuthunjwa, inani labo labantu ligcina ukuzinza.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 22.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-18: 59
