I-nitrogen (noma i-nitrogen "N") ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitholakala ku-biosphere, futhi izokwenza umjikelezo. Cishe u-80% womoya uqukethe le nto, lapho ama-athomu amabili ahlanganiswa khona ukwenza i-N2 molecule. Isibopho esiphakathi kwala ma-athomu siqine kakhulu. I-nitrogen, esesimweni "esiboshiwe", isetshenziswa yizo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Lapho ama-molecule e-nitrogen ehlukaniswa, ama-N athomu abamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni okuhlukahlukene, ahlanganiswe nama-athomu ezinye izakhi. I-N ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-oxygen. Njengoba ezintweni ezinjalo ukuxhumana kwe-nitrogen namanye ama-athomu kubuthakathaka kakhulu, kumunceka kahle ngezinto eziphilayo.
Usebenza kanjani umjikelezo we-nitrogen?
I-nitrogen ijikeleza emvelweni ngezindlela ezivaliwe nezixhumene. Okokuqala, i-N ikhishwa ngesikhathi sokubola kwezinto ezisenhlabathini. Lapho izitshalo zingena enhlabathini, izinto eziphilayo zikhipha i-nitrogen kuzo, ngaleyo ndlela ziguqule zibe ama-molecule asetshenziselwa izinqubo zokuguqula umzimba. Ama-athomu asele ahlangana nama-athomu ezinye izinto, ngemuva kwalokho akhishwa ngesimo se-ammonium noma i-ammonia ions. Ngemuva kwalokho i-nitrogen iboshwe ezinye izinto, ngemuva kwalokho kwakheka ama-nitrate, angena ezitshalweni. Ngenxa yalokho, u-N ubamba iqhaza ekubukeni kwama-molecule. Lapho utshani, izihlahlana, izihlahla nezinye izimbali zifa, zingena emhlabathini, i-nitrogen ibuyela emhlabathini, ngemuva kwalokho umjikelezo uqala futhi. I-nitrojeni ilahleka uma iyingxenye yezinto ezisentabeni, iguqulwa ibe amaminerali namatshe, noma ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokunciphisa amabhaktheriya.
I-nitrogen ngokwemvelo
Umoya uqukethe hhayi cishe ama-4 quadrillion tons of N, kodwa izilwandle zomhlaba - cishe ama-20 trillion. amathani. Leyo ngxenye ye-nitrogen ekhona ezintweni eziphilayo iphila ezigidini eziyi-100. Kulawa, amathani ayizigidi ezi-4 aseflora nasezilwanyaneni, kanti amanye amathani ayizigidi ezingama-96 asezincane. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye enkulu ye-nitrogen ikhona kuma-bacteria, lapho i-N iboshwe khona. Njalo ngonyaka, phakathi nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene, kuboshwa amathani ayi-100-150 enitrogen. Inani elikhulu lalesi sici litholakala kumanyolo wamaminerali akhiqizwa abantu.
Ngakho-ke, umjikelezo weN uyingxenye ebalulekile yezinqubo zemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba nezinguquko ezahlukahlukene. Njengomphumela womsebenzi we-anthropogenic, kukhona ushintsho kumjikelezo we-nitrogen emvelweni, kepha kuze kube manje lokhu akubeki ingozi enkulu kwimvelo.
