Ukuvuselelwa kwentwasahlobo kwemvelo akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngaphandle kwama-sonorous trills ezinyoni ezinesizotha, ubukhulu benyoni enkulu. Inyoni yeGreenfinch iheha ngezimpaphe ezikhanyayo, ukucula nge-perky. Akukhona ngenhlanhla ukuthi izinyoni zaqanjwa ngokuthi ama-canaries asehlathini.
Incazelo nezici
Ukubukeka okungajwayelekile kunikeze igama ezinhlotsheni zezinyoni. Izimpaphe zamaqabunga aluhlaza umbala ocebile ophuzi ngokuluhlaza onombala womnqumo. Umsila onombala womlotha uhlotshiswe ngomngcele kalamula. Izihlathi ezimpunga, amehlo anobuhlalu obumnyama, uqhwaku olumpunga kunikeza ukucaciseka kwesidalwa esinamaphiko somndeni we-finch. I-Greenfinch esithombeni - ubuhle behlathi langempela.
Ubukhulu benyoni bukhulu kancane kunondlunkulu, ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha ayi-16, isisindo senyoni eyodwa singama-25-35 g, amaphiko angamasentimitha angama-30-35. Ikhanda likhulu, uqhwaku lunamandla, luyindilinga ngokuma, umsila ukhombe, mfushane. Ososayensi-ama-ornithologists baphawula ubudlelwane bezinyoni ngokubhinca kanye nondlunkulu, okukhombisa ukufana kwangaphandle.
I-dimorphism yezocansi imnene. Ngaphambi kwe-molt yokuqala, kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa, khona-ke umbala wesilisa uba mnyama kakhulu kunowabesifazane. Ukutshalwa kwezinyoni okuzwakalayo kuzwakala ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho umsebenzi wanda ngesikhathi sokuzala. Kamuva, ehlobo, ngezikhathi ezithile ukucula i-greenfinch ziphinde zithandane ne-polyphony yezinyoni zehlathi lapho ziphinda zishaya umlozi othambile ngenkathi zidla.
Ukwesaba okungokwemvelo kuvame ukuphoqa izinyoni ezincane ukuba zithule, hhayi ukukhombisa ukuba khona kwazo, kodwa endaweni evumayo, lapho izinyoni zizizwa ziphephile, ungajabulela amazwi angavamile abantu abahlala ehlathini.
Ekuculeni, kuzwakala umsindo wokuqhaqhazela kwesici, lapho ama-greenfinches ajwayelekile abonakala khona. Imvamisa, umbhali wengoma ungowesilisa ohleli phezulu kwesihlahla ekuseni. Kwabesifazane, uhlanganisa izingoma zokucula nemiboniso yokundiza endiza.
Lalela ukucula kwe-greenfinch
Itiye elijwayelekile eliluhlaza isatshalaliswa kulo lonke elase-Eurasia. Ngokuya ngendawo ezihlala kuyo, izinyoni ziyafuduka ukuze zisinde emakhazeni asebusika ezindaweni ezizalelwe kuzo. Izindiza zama-greenfinches emihlanjaneni emincane evela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ziqala ngoSepthemba - Okthoba, izinyoni zigijimela ezindaweni ezifudumele ngenqwaba yokudla - I-Asia Ephakathi, e-Afrika. Ukuncelisa kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokufuduka.
Ngokwemvelo, izinyoni ezincane, hhayi ezinamandla kakhulu zinezitha eziningi zemvelo phakathi kwezinyoni nezidliwayo zomhlaba. AmaGreenfinches ayizisulu ezilula zezinyoni ezidla inyama, amagwababa wedolobha, amakati emigwaqo, ama-ferrets. Ngisho nezinyoka, ezibamba izinyoni phansi ngenkathi zidla, zidla izinyoni.
Izidleke zezinyoni zivame ukonakala, lapho izidalwa ezinonya zingenakuvumela amachwane ukuba achamusele noma akhule abe namandla ezindizeni zawo zokuqala. Ukubambeka kalula kwezinyoni kubanga ukuwela kaningi ekubambeni okubekelwe ukubamba izinyoni ezinkulu.
Kaningi, izinyoni zifuywa ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya. Ziba lula ukuthanjiswa, zijabulise abanikazi bazo ngezimpaphe ezinhle, ama-tropical sonorous. Isici esibalulekile ukujwayela okuhle, ukungathobeki kwezinyoni, ezigcinwa njengama-budgies noma ama-canaries.
Izinhlobo
Indawo yemvelo yama-greenfinches, kufaka phakathi i-Europe, iNyakatho Afrika, iye yanda ngenxa yokulethwa kwezinyoni eNew Zealand, eNingizimu Melika, e-Australia. Izinhlobo ezincane zezinyoni ziyahluka ngosayizi, umbala wezimpaphe, ukwakheka komlomo, uhlobo lokufuduka, ukuhlala.
Ngaphezu kokuhlukahluka kwaseYurophu, kukhona:
- IsiShayina;
- unekhanda elimnyama;
- itiye eliluhlaza eliphuzi (i-Himalayan).
Izinyoni zihlangene ngomsebenzi wasemini, izici zezwi, ukulutha kokudla, isimilo. Itiye eliluhlaza lamaShayina lisatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi e-Asia. ERussia, itholakala eziqhingini zaseKuril, eSakhalin, ePrimorye.
Ngaphezu kwama-subspecies ahlaliswe ezindaweni zemvelo, izimfundamakhwela zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu zibandakanyeka ekuzaleni ama-greenfin nzalo. Abantu abaziwayo be-hybridi abawela ngama-canaries, i-linnet, i-siskin, i-goldfinches. Kubalulekile ukuthi inzalo igcine ukuzala.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
UGreenfinch uyaphila yonke indawo. ERussia, itholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho e-Kola Peninsula, emingceleni eseningizimu - esifundeni saseStavropol. Izinyoni zingabonakala eKaliningrad entshonalanga yezwe, izifunda zeMpumalanga Ekude yezwe. Izinyoni ezithule zigcina imihlambi emincane, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zihlangana ngababili, zingahlala zodwa.
Bathanda ukuhlangana ngamaqoqo ezihlahleni emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, emaphoyiseni, ezindaweni zokupaka ezinamahlathi amancane. Amahlathi awahehi ama-greenfinches, kepha izihlahla ngazinye ezinomqhele ominyene ziyadingeka ezinyoni ezizalela izidleke. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi ziyizindawo ezikhanyayo ezinamaphoyisa, amahlathi amancane ahlanganisiwe, ukusabalalisa okugcwele, amasimu okufakelwa emasimini.
AmaGreenfinches ahlangana ngokuthula nezinye izinyoni, kwesinye isikhathi akha imihlambi exubile lapho kukhona ukudla okweqile. Ngezimpaphe zazo eziluhlaza okotshani, izinyoni zingabonakala phakathi kondlunkulu, onondweba, oqhotho begolide. Izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni eziseduze nomhlaba wezolimo - amasimu e-sunflower, i-hemp nezinye izitshalo.
Emaphandleni nasemaphethelweni amadolobha kuheha izinyoni ngokudla kwazo. Izinyoni zivame ukudla emhlabathini, lapho zihamba khona ngokuzethemba, zigxume zifuna ukudla. Izinyoni ezifudukayo zibuyela ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke kusenesikhathi, kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, zihlukana ngokushesha ngazimbili.
Izindiza zamanje zama-greenfinches wesilisa ziyefana nezindiza zamalulwane. Le nyoni indiza ngokushesha, yenza ama-arcs, bese-ke, ivula amaphiko ayo, yandiza ngaphambi kokuhlala. Ukuboniswa kokugoba kungabonakala lapho kundiza inyoni. Zisuka ngokucijile, zenze ama-pirouette amaningi ezindaweni eziphakeme, bese zicindezela amaphiko azo bese zigijimela phansi.
Eduze nasekwindla, izintambo eziluhlaza ngokuvamile zingabonakala emihlanjini emincane ezulazula ifuna ukudla. Izinyoni zikhangwa emaphethelweni amasimu, izingadi zemifino, amabhande ehlathi, izihlahla. Ama-greenfinches enza ama-forays ezitshalweni ze-hemp, ubhekilanga, ahlala ezivinini. Izinyoni azenzi imihlambi emikhulu; inani labantu ngamaqembu amancane alidluli kweshumi nambili.
I-Greenfinch - inyoni eqaphile endaweni engokwemvelo. Kepha ekuthunjweni, ujwayela ukujwayela izimo ezintsha, ngenxa yokuphila ngokuhlala phansi. Abanye abantu baqala ukucula ehokweni kusukela osukwini lokuqala, kanti abanye badinga ukujwayela phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-2-3. Ukuhlala ekhaya kungenzeka kanye nezinye izinyoni ezinokuthula.
UZelenushka uze azivumele ukuthi athathwe ezandleni zakhe, ngakho-ke ubanjwa kalula. Ngaphandle kokutholakala kokuqukethwe, ukunakekelwa okulula, izifundiswa zivame ukungakunaki okuluhlaza okotshani, azikuthathi ukugcinwa kwekhaya. Ochwepheshe babheka into ehlekisayo yokucula njengomshado.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwezinyoni kuhlukile. Ama-greenfinches angabhekwa njengama-omnivorous, ngoba ukudla kuqukethe izitshalo, ukudla kwezilwane. Ehlobo, izinyoni zithanda izinambuzane, izibungu zazo. Ama-greenfinches adla amabhungane amancane, izimpukane, izintuthwane, amacimbi. Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, ekwindla, kudla ukudla kwezitshalo.
Izinhlamvu, amajikijolo, amantongomane ephayini avuthwe. Izinyoni zondla ngezipho zemikhakha - amabele, ukolweni, ubhekilanga, unganqikazi ukushukela, ukudlwengula, isipinashi. Imbewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, ukhula, zonke izinhlobo zamakhambi, izihlahla, nezithelo ze-rowan ziba ifolishi.
Imbewu enkulu yezinyoni ikhishwa isikhathi eside emlonyeni, igwinywa ngemuva kokuhlanzwa kusuka kumagobolondo aqinile. Kuyabonakala ukuthi amajikijolo avuthiwe omjunipha aba yisibiliboco esikhethekile sama-greenfinches. Emaqhugwaneni asehlobo, izinyoni zidla imbewu ye-irgi ezithelweni ezingakakakhiwa, zivame ukulimaza izivini.
Izinyoni ezindala, ngokungafani nezingane, zidla kaningi emhlabathini. Amachwane avame ukunikezwa ukudla kwezitshalo ngendlela yemifino, okusanhlamvu kanye nembewu efakwe esitshalweni. Ama-greenfinches enziwe ekhaya adliswa kanye ngosuku, imvamisa ekuseni.
Ukudla kusekelwe embewini nasezinhlamvwini, imixube yama-canaries, athengiswa eminyangweni yezilwane. Ungancamela izinkukhu ngezingcezu zezithelo, amajikijolo, amantongomane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi unikeze izibungu zempuphu yokudla. Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka izinyoni ngamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile ekufinyeleleni mahhala.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinyoni ziqala ukuzala kabusha phakathi nentwasahlobo. Isikhathi sithatha cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Izingoma zabesilisa ngalesi sikhathi zizwakala kahle kakhulu. Ama-Trill afakwe ngokuhayiza, afaka ukugqoza kwesici.
Imisindo ekhiqizwayo iyefana ngokuthepha ubuhlalu obuncane, obubonakala bugingqika entanyeni yezinyoni ngokuthepha okunesonono. IGreenfinch owesilisa ihlanganisa ukusebenza nokugoba kwasemoyeni ukuheha owesifazane ohamba phambili.
Ngemuva kokubhanqa, isigaba sokudala isidleke siyaqala. Kwakha isakhiwo ngamahlumela amancane, ubulembu, utshani, amaqabunga, izimpande greenfinch wesifazane. Indawo, njengomthetho, ikhethwa izinyoni ekuphambukeni emagatsheni ekuphakameni okungenani kwamamitha ama-2 ukusuka emhlabathini. Kukhona izidleke eziqongweni impela zomqhele ominyene wezihlahla.
Uma ukuhlukaniswa kwamagatsha kuvumela, esihlahleni esisodwa izidleke eziningana zitholakala ngasikhathi sinye ezindaweni eziyimfihlo. Izitsha ezibiyelwe ngodonga ezizalisayo azibukeki zicoceke kakhulu ngaphandle, kepha ngaphakathi kwethileyi kugcwele ngokulinganayo ukufakelwa kwezitshalo, uvolo, izimpaphe, kwesinye isikhathi isinwele sehhashi, namakhasi amancane otshani.
Amaqanda okuqala akhanyayo ampunga anezinkomba ezimnyama avela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Imvamisa kukhona ama-greenfinches angama-4-6 ku-clutch. Owesifazane kuphela ofukamela inzalo izinsuku eziyi-12-14, kepha bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekukhuliseni amaphuphu ngokulandelayo. Eyesilisa, ngenkathi insikazi imatasa nokufukamela, iyinika ukudla.
Ngamunye iphuphu le-greenfinch uphuma eqanda enqunu, engaboni, engenakuzisiza. Abazali baletha ukudla enzalweni yabo kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-50 ngosuku, ngasikhathi sinye begcwalisa zonke imvuthu ezikhula ngokushesha. Amachwane adla imbewu ethambile, izinambuzane ezincane.
Cishe cishe amasonto amabili, abasha bakulungele ekugcineni ukushiya isidleke baqale impilo yokuzimela. Lapho amazinyane enza imizamo yokundiza okokuqala, ukusekelwa kwabazali, ikakhulukazi owesilisa, ekondleni amazinyane kusale.
Ngenkathi owesilisa esaletha izimbungulu ezincane zamachwane akhulayo, insikazi isivele iqala ukwakha isitsha esisha sokubekela amaqanda. Lapho imisebenzi ye-clutch yesibili isiphelile, izinyoni ezincane zawo wonke ama-broods ziyahlangana emhlanjini omncane wokufuduka.
Ngekwindla, izinyoni zithola amandla, zilungiselela izindiza. Ngenkathi, izinyoni zikwazi ukubeka amaqanda kathathu futhi zikhulise amaphuphu amasha. Ukuzalela izinyoni okuthunjiwe akuvamile. Yize kunconywa ukugcina ama-greenfinches ngababili, ukwesaba kwabo okungokwemvelo akuvumeli izinyoni ezisemgodini ukuba zizalane.
Isikhathi sokuphila semvelo kuma-greenfinches asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-13, uma ngaphambi kokuba inyoni ingabi yisisulu somzingeli. Ezimweni ezinhle zasekhaya, isikhathi sokuphila siyakhuliswa saba yiminyaka eyi-15-17.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Inyoni enobungane, ememezela ukufika kwezinsuku ezifudumele, kudala yaziwa. Ezinsukwini zakudala kwakubizwa ngokuthi i-ryadovka, noma i-grunt. Uma phambilini indawo ye-greenfinch ingazange yeqe i-Europe, iziqhingi zoLwandle iMedithera, khona-ke kancane kancane i-birdie iye yazazi izikhala zamanye amazwekazi, yize ingenzi izindiza ezinkulu ezifudukayo.
Izinhlobo ezinemibandela yokufuduka kwe-greenfinch ezindaweni ezifudumele azishiyi nhlobo izindawo zazo zokwakha izidleke, kepha kusuka ezindaweni ezibandayo indizela ebusika emingceleni eseningizimu yebanga. Ngakho-ke, entwasahlobo, izinyoni zivela ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile kusenesikhathi, enye yezokuqala. Ama-canaries amahlathi, njengoba abizwa kanjalo, azisa ngama-sonorous trill wokufika kwentwasahlobo.
Izazi ze-ornithologists ziqaphela ukuthi emahlathini ahlanganisiwe anezidleke zakuqala, ukwakhiwa kwezidleke kuwela emagatsheni ama-conifers (ngesi-spruce, fir), cedar elfin. Kamuva ukwakhiwa kwamaqhuqhuva aphindaphindiwe kwenziwa phakathi kwezindwangu ze-elderberry, amagatsha awo ngaleso sikhathi ambozwe ngokuphelele ngamaqabunga, ku-rose yasendle, eminyezaneni, e-oki, e-birch.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izingoma zezinyoni ezihamba phambili zingazwakala entwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi sokumiswa kwamabili, abesilisa ngobuciko bakhombisa amathalente emvelo ukuheha abesifazane abafaneleke kakhulu. Uma sezithunjiwe, izinyoni zivame ukuthula.
UZelenushki ushaya ngezimo zefulethi, egcina imvelo yemvelo, ujabulisa abanikazi ngokuchichima kwamazwi. Ukuxhumana nenyoni yehlathi kukhuphula umoya wakho, kuletha ukugqwayiza kwentwasahlobo ngisho nangezinsuku ezimnyama zaphakathi nesonto.
