IMfene kungokwenhlobo yezimfene (eyaziwa nangokuthi imfene ephuzi) kanye nomndeni wezinkawu. Lezi zinkawu ezihlakaniphile ezinesakhiwo somphakathi esiyinkimbinkimbi: ziyazulazula futhi zizivikele ezilwaneni ezihlasela ndawonye. Baxhumana nabantu ngokuzithandela, nangomusa. Imfene kulula ukuyihlukanisa - ihlala ihamba ngemilenze emine, kanti umsila wayo uhlale uphakanyisiwe.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Imfene
Umndeni wezinkawu, okukhona kuzo izimfene, wavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyi-15 edlule - noma kunjalo, ukutholwa kwezinsalela zakudala kakhulu kwabameleli bayo kungalesi sikhathi. Abaqala ukuvela kwakuyizinkawu ezinomzimba omncane, babehlala eYurophu.
Okusabalele kakhulu kunabanye kwakunguGelads (Theropithecus), naye ongowohlobo lwezinkawu, olunye lwazo oluye lwasinda ezikhathini zethu. Kwabe sekwakhiwa uhlobo lwezimfene, phakathi kwezinhlobo zalo ezindala kakhulu kukhona iDinopithecus, iPliopapio nezinye.
Ividiyo: Imfene
Izimfene zasendulo ziyaphawuleka ngokuthi ezinye zezinhlobo zazo zafinyelela osayizi abakhulu nezisindo - kufika ku-100 kilograms, kanti ezanamuhla azidluli ku-40-45. Babenamazinyo amakhulu, abukhali futhi babekwazi ukuzivikela kunoma yisiphi isilwane esidlayo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye ubuchopho babo babuncane - kukho konke ukuvela kwezimfene, kuyanda kancane.
Izimfene zavela ngisho kamuva. Umlando wabo wezinsalela ezindala cishe uneminyaka eyizigidi ezi-2-2.3 ubudala, kepha lolu uhlobo oluhlukile - iPapio angusticeps. Izimfene zanamuhla zafika ngemuva kwesikhashana.
AmaBaboons aqale achazwa nguKarl Linnaeus ngo-1766. Ukucwaninga kwama-subspecies abo kuyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla, ukuhlukaniswa kwamanje kungenzeka kungabi okokugcina, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi okuningi kwabo kungahlukaniswa.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Imfene emvelweni
Ubude, imfene ingaphansi kwezinkawu ezinkulu kunazo zonke, kodwa idlula iningi lamanye amalungu omndeni wenkawu - imvamisa ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-70-80. Umsila wayo omude uyabonakala - kungenzeka ungabi ngaphansi kakhulu emzimbeni futhi ukhule ufike kuma-60-65 cm. Izimfene zinesisindo esingama-30-45 kilograms.
Banesakhiwo sogebhezi esifana nenja esingaqondakali kahle nesifonyo esifanayo, esingenhla, yingakho elinye lamagama abo kuyizinkawu ezinamakhanda ezinja. Ngokubukeka, zingabonakala zingamampunge, kepha akufanele ukhohliswe yilokhu: empeleni, zinobuciko obukhulu, ziyakwazi ukukhuphuka ngokushesha ezihlahleni futhi zeqe zisuka egatsheni ziye egatsheni, futhi zisebenzise izinto.
Ngasikhathi sinye, zombili izingalo nemilenze zibandakanyekile. Izandla zabo zinamandla kakhulu, iminwe ikhule kahle, ithweswe umqhele ngezinzipho ezibukhali. Amehlo nezindlebe mancane, kepha izimfene zinkulu uma ziqhathaniswa nomzimba nezinyo elibukhali. Agqame ngokubona kwawo okubukhali, anake kakhulu - lokhu kusiza ekusindeni.
Banezinwele ezijiyile, ezinde, eziphuzi. Kulula esiswini. Uboya bemfene budinga ukunakekelwa njalo nokuhlanganiswa njalo, ngesimo saso umuntu anganquma isikhundla senkawu esigabeni sabantu besizwe - abangaphansi abambalwa banakekela uboya babantu ababaluleke kakhulu ngasikhathi sinye.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izincazelo zabantu basePsoglavians - abantu abanamakhanda ezinja - ezitholakala phakathi kwababhali basendulo bamaGrikhi, kungenzeka ukuthi empeleni kube izincazelo ezisontekile zezimfene. Ngakho-ke, u-Aristotle uzibeka kahle phakathi kwezinkawu "Emlandweni Wezilwane" zakhe.
Ihlala kuphi imfene?
Isithombe: Izimbadada
Lolu hlobo lwenkawu lungatholakala e-Afrika kulezi zifundazwe ezilandelayo:
- I-Angola;
- ECongo;
- IBotswana;
- IZambia;
- EMozambique;
- ETanzania;
- Malawi;
- IKenya;
- ESomalia;
- E-Ethiopia.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona kulolu hlu, uhla lwezimfene lukuncane kakhulu, yize lufaka isiqeshana somhlaba kuphela kwamanye amazwe asohlwini: ngokwesibonelo, kuphela onqenqemeni lohla oluthinta i-Ethiopia neSomalia. Indawo yokuhlala izinzile impela, ngokungafani nobubanzi bezinye izinkawu eziningi, akukho mkhuba ocacile wokwehliswa kwayo.
Izimfene zikhetha indawo enokudla okuningi; uma ziyifuna, zingahamba ibanga elide impela. Imvamisa zingabonakala eduze kwamasimu amabele noma ommbila - izimfene azibesabi abantu futhi kwesinye isikhathi zilimaza ezolimo.
Bahlala e-savannah nase-steppe, bangahlala nasezintabeni, kepha abavamile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokuchichima kokudla, kubalulekile kubo ukuthi kukhona idamu eduze kwendawo yokuhlala, futhi kulula ukuthola indawo yokulala ubusuku bonke. Umhlambi ngamunye uhlala endaweni enkulu - cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-12-18.
Izinkawu eziqhamuka kweminye imihlambi akufanele zeqe imingcele yesiza - uma lokhu kwenzeka, ziyaxoshwa, kungalwa impi, yize izimfene zingahlukile ngokuhlukumeza okuphezulu. Imvamisa, amasayithi anjalo angena emgodini wokunisela - imihlambi eminingi ingafinyelela kuwo ngasikhathi sinye, imvamisa iyahlobana.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona imfene. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa yimfene?
Isithombe: Imfene yemfene
Isisekelo sokudla kwezimfene utshani nezihlahlana, ngoba ingxenye enkulu zidla uhlaza, futhi zingadla cishe noma iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo.
Kumenyu yabo:
- amahlamvu;
- izimpande;
- imbewu;
- izithelo;
- ama-bulb.
Bangadla nokudla kwezilwane, yize ungavamisile ukubabamba bezingela. Kepha noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi bazizwa benesidingo sokudla kwezilwane, noma-ke, amavithamini namaminerali atholakala ngawo - kwesinye isikhathi badla nobumba ngalokhu.
Ezidalweni eziphilayo zingabamba futhi zidle:
- inhlanzi;
- izinyoni - zivame ukubhubhisa izidleke, zihudule amaqanda namachwane;
- amagundane;
- izibankwa;
- iminenke;
- amaxoxo;
- inyoka;
- izinambuzane ezinkulu.
Sekubikiwe izehlakalo eziningi zokuzingelwa kwezimfene ngamazinyane. Kepha lokhu okwehlukile - imvamisa bahlala ndawonye nezinyamazane, bahlukanisa insimu eyodwa futhi ndawonye bazivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfene zingantshontsha ukudla kubantu: zivame ukugibela ezindlini noma ematendeni ezivakashi ngale njongo. Azinabungozi, zinobungane kubantu, uma uzibamba zintshontsha, zingabaleka noma ziqale ukucela ukudla.
Ngokuvamile, abanesizotha ekudleni futhi bayakwazi ukwaneliseka ngalokho abakudlayo - into esemqoka ukuthi kukhona ukudla okwanele. Ukuthola amanzi kubaluleke kakhulu kubo: kubalulekile ukuthi umgodi wokuchelela useduze, kepha noma kunjalo akunakwenzeka ukuya kuwo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba izimfene zithanda ukukhotha amazolo emaqabungeni ezitshalo ekuseni.
Uma kwenzeka isomiso, kwesinye isikhathi kusala amazolo kuphela kubo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izimfene zivame ukufuduka zifuna ichibi, ziba buthakathaka kwesinye isikhathi zife ngenxa yokushoda kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kahle indawo yempilo kubaluleke kakhulu - ukuze idamu eliseduze ligcwale ngokuphelele futhi lingomi, noma okungenani kungenzeka ufike kulokhu uma kunesidingo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Imfene
Indlela ejwayelekile yansuku zonke yezimfene ukuthi zifuna ukudla ekuseni - kuzo izimfene zisebenza njengesizwe sonke ngasikhathi sinye. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi bakwenza ngendlela ehlelekile, ngokwakhiwa. Bane "scouts" - izinkawu eziningana zisuka kude kakhulu ukuze zixwayise kusengaphambili ngengozi uma kunesidingo.
Okunye okumbalwa, kunalokho, kusekude kakhulu, uma kwenzeka ingozi ivela kolunye uhlangothi. Izimfene ezinamandla kakhulu zimboza umhlambi ezinhlangothini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha okukhulu kakhulu, futhi umhlambi ungaxosha izidumbu, noma okungenani ubalekele kubo ngenani elincane lezisulu.
Ekuseni ngovivi, izimfene zimatasa kakhulu ngokudla: zidla amaqabunga, amahlumela nezithelo, zimba izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa emhlabathini, zibambe izilwane ezincane eziseduze bese ziyazidla. Bazama ukuthola isidleke sezinyosi zasendle - badla izibungu zabo, futhi bathanda uju ikakhulukazi. Umzila uhlelelwe ukuthi ekuseni vele ube yindawo yokugcina amanzi: phela izimfene aziphuzi kusukela kusihlwa kakhulu. Lapha baqeda ukoma kwabo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye baqhubeke nokudla: amaxoxo, izinhlanzi, izinhlanzi, amaqanda ezingwenya kanye nezitshalo zasemanzini - kuvame ukuba nokudla okwanele ogwini lwamachibi nemifula.
Bahamba kancane, futhi ngokushesha kuvame ukuba semini - isikhathi esishisa kakhulu sosuku. Izimfene zithatha ikhefu amahora angu-3-4 - zithola indawo enomthunzi bese ziphumula lapho. Bangakwazi ukulala phansi, benze ukuzilungisa - babheke izimuncagazi ezinyaweni zomunye nomunye, futhi kudlale abantu abancane nabanomdlandla. Ngemuva kokuphumula, baqhubeka nokuhamba ngokukhululeka befuna ukudla. Kwesinye isikhathi bayakwazi ukuzingela - ngenxa yalokhu, izinkawu eziningana zehlukana nomhlambi bese ziqhubela inyamazane isiqonde ngakuyo. Lapho kuhwalala, bathola izihlahla bese behlala kuzo ubusuku bonke - ngakho bazizwa bephephile ezilwaneni ezinkulu ezidla ezinye.
Uma phakathi nomkhankaso umhlambi uzithela phezu kwesitha, khona-ke wakha kabusha ngokushesha - abesilisa abanamandla kakhulu baya phambili, futhi abesifazane nezingane baya ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwabo. Uma isimo siba sibi kakhulu, futhi isilwane esinamandla noma umhlambi wonke uhlasele izimfene, kuyilapho ezeduna zimelana, abesifazane namazinyane bahlakazeka nxazonke.
Ngakho-ke bayabadida abahlaseli, futhi abazi ukuthi bazogijimela bani. Izimfene ezilimele ziyasala, kepha kuzo zonke izimo lapho umuntu wesizwe akhululwe khona, izimfene ziyakwenza lokhu, noma ngabe kwaqubuka izingxabano phakathi kwazo phambilini. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abesifazane bavame ukuba nobutha phakathi kwabo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimfene azikwazi ukubhukuda, kepha azesabi ukungena emanzini. Ngakho-ke, lapho kunamanzi amaningi okuhlangatshezwane nawo endleleni, enza kanjalo, kodwa kwezinye izimo kufanele azungeze.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby Baboon
Izimfene ziyizinkawu ezihlanganayo, futhi ubudlelwane bazo kwezenhlalo buthuthuka kakhulu. Umhlambi owodwa ungaba ngu-40-120 ngamunye. Sichitha sonke isikhathi ndawonye: zihamba nomhlambi wonke, ziyaphumula, futhi zilala ezihlahleni ezingomakhelwane.
Inkawu ngayinye yomhlambi ithatha indawo ethile esigabeni sabaphathi, futhi phezulu kwayo kungumholi. Nguye owenza izinqumo zokuthi namuhla umhlambi uye kuphi, nini futhi ume kuphi, ukuthi bazozingela yini, nokunye okunjalo. Usekelwa yiqembu lamadoda anamandla kakhulu - yibo ababambe iqhaza ekuvikeleni wonke umhlambi. Abesifazane abakhulile bahlala emhlambini futhi bagcina ubudlelwane nomama babo. Kodwa ezeduna zishiya umhlambi zizulazule isikhashana zodwa, zize zihlangane nomunye. Umuntu omusha uzodinga ukujoyina iqembu elisha, ngoba ekuqaleni uyisihambi kulo. Ukwenza lokhu, wazi enye yezinsikazi engakhulisi ithole.
Uyamlandela yonke indawo futhi azame ukuzitholela umusa. Uma insikazi inganaki, ivumela ukuklwebheka, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuhlobo obuqinile bungasungulwa naye. Ngemuva kwalokho, owesilisa uhlangana nezinkawu eziseduze kakhulu naye bese ejoyina iqembu. Hhayi njalo owesilisa nowesifazane onjalo odlula isikhathi ukuya ekuhlanganiseni - kwesinye isikhathi udaba luba nomkhawulo ohlotsheni "lobungane". Kwesinye isikhathi imibhangqwana iba khona isikhathi eside, kepha futhi ingashintsha: kwezinye izimo, owesifazane ushintsha isimo bese eqala ukuxhumana nabanye besilisa.
Noma isimo sowesilisa singashintsha - uzoba phakathi kwezinamandla kakhulu, asondele kumholi wezinkawu, bese engena ebudlelwaneni nomunye umuntu wesifazane, onesikhundla esiphakeme. Izimfene ziphatha umholi womhlambi ngenhlonipho ekhethekile - uma ifuna ukuphumula, abasizi abaningana bagijimela kuye ngasikhathi sinye bese beqala ukunwaya uboya bayo. Abesifazane abakhulu bathola isimo sengqondo esifanayo sokuhlonipha, njengamazinyane abo. Bonke abanye iqembu kufanele bashintshane ngokuxubha uboya bomunye nomunye. Futhi ukuhlanzwa kwakhe njalo kubaluleke kakhulu - ucwayiza kaningi ukuze agule. Futhi, ukuhlanganisa uboya kumane nje kuyinjabulo yezimfene.
Isimo sabaholi nethimba labo kumele liqinisekiswe njalo ukuze amanye amalungu eqembu angakhohlwa ngakho. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ukushukuma komzimba okuveza ukuthobeka - umsila ophakanyisiwe, ama-grimaces nokunye. Uma umholi eba buthakathaka, lapho-ke izinqumo zakhe zingabuzwa kakhulu kuze kube yilapho omunye wabaphikisi esethula ngokwanele ukumphonsela inselelo. Umholi nabanye besilisa abaphezulu kakhulu bavame ukuhlangana nabesifazane: noma ngabe bakha ngababili unomphela nabanye abesilisa, bahlangana nabesilisa abaqavile nabo, noma ngisho nabo kuphela. Ngokuyinhloko, abesifazane bakhulelwe noma banakekela amawundlu.
Ukulungela kowesifazane ukushada kuboniswa ukuvuvukala kwesitho sangasese, okwenyuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukukhulelwa nakho kulula ukukubona: uma kwenzeka, phansi kwabesifazane, imvamisa kube mnyama, kubomvu. Imfene esanda kuzalwa imbozwe ngoboya obumnyama, futhi kuze kube yilapho ithathelwa indawo ngoboya obujwayelekile obuphuzi, bayinaka ngokukhethekile. Izingane zivunyelwe inkululeko ethe xaxa, zidlala ngokukhululeka futhi azinayo imithwalo yemfanelo. Ekuqaleni, zigqokwa ngumama.
Izitha zemvelo zezimfene
Isithombe: Imfene emvelweni
Uma izimfene ezinesizungu zisongelwa yizilwane eziningi ezidlayo, khona-ke lezo eziqoqwe emhlambini zingaphansi kakhulu.
Phakathi kwazo:
- izingonyama;
- izingwe;
- izimpungushe;
- izimpisi.
Ngaphandle kobuncane bazo, izinkawu zivame ukungena nazo empini, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, ezeduna eziqine kakhulu zime olayini, zivikele lonke iqembu lazo, futhi zikhombise amazinyo azo ezitheni, zizama ukubadikibalisa ekuhlaseleni. Ukuzivikela ezitheni, izimfene zihlangana nama-ungulates - imvamisa yizinhlwathi. Ziyazulazula ndawonye, futhi ukubona okuhle kakhulu kwezimfene kanye nomuzwa obukhali wephunga lezinyamazane kusebenza ngasikhathi sinye njengesivikelo - ngakho-ke lithuthuka kakhulu ithuba lokuthi omunye wabo abone isitha kusengaphambili.
I-Antelope ivame ukuzingelwa izingulule - yize zishesha, azinamandla njengezingwe noma amabhubesi, futhi izimfene zivame ukuzixosha kude nezinyamazane. Labo, bazi kusengaphambili ukuthi i-cheetah iyahlasela, ngoba bayayinuka ikude, ababaleki ngisho nokubaleka. Lesi yisibonelo esinqumayo sokusizana embusweni wezilwane.
Izimfene ngokwazo zivame ukuzingelwa yizingwe - lezi yizitha zazo ezinonya kakhulu. Abaphenyi bakuphawulile kaningi ukuthi ngokwanda kwenani lezingwe kule ndawo, inani lezimfene ezihlala kuyo liqale ukwehla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma inani lezingwe lancipha, inani lezimfene laqala ukwanda kakhulu, njengoba ezinye izilwane ezazizidla zazingazihluphi kakhulu.
Kodwa izimfene ziyakwazi ukuxosha izingwe, kuyenzeka ukuthi zizibalekele, noma zize zizibulale ngokuphelele. Kepha lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngezingwe ezincane, ezingakakhuli zibe ngosayizi ogcwele futhi ezingenakho okuhlangenwe nakho. Izimfene zizizonda izingwe ngayo yonke inhliziyo yazo futhi uma zihlangabezana nenxeba noma inyana, zilibulala ngokushesha.
Kunzima kakhulu kubo ukulwa namabhubesi: uma, lapho uhlangana nengwe, umhlambi ungaklelana ngendlela evikelayo, lapho amabhubesi ehlasela, uhlala ehlakazeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, amabhubesi ahlasela ngokuziqhenya, futhi lapha ngeke ukwazi ukuzivikela. Ngakho-ke, izimfene zizama ukweqa kulezi zidlakela ezisabekayo ezihlahleni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: IMfene Ebomvu
Izimfene zisabalele kakhulu, futhi zivame ukutholakala ebangeni lazo. Izinombolo zabo zihlala zizinzile, futhi ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi alukho usongo kubo okwamanje. Esikhathini eside, kungahle kubonakale, ngoba impucuko iyaqhubeka nokunqoba insimu eyanda ngokwengeziwe endle, ukuze isikhala esincane sihlale sezimfene.
Kepha kuze kube manje lolu daba alunzima kangako kubo, futhi isikhundla sezimfene singcono kakhulu kunesezinye izinkawu eziningi. Ngakho-ke, awathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa, ikakhulukazi ngoba awabizi kangako kwezohwebo, futhi abantu abavamile ukuwabulala. Ngezikhathi ezithile bahlasela amasimu, kepha noma kunjalo abenzi umonakalo omkhulu kangangoba babulawa ngenxa yalokhu.
Izimfene azihlangabezani nezinkinga ngokuzalanisa ekuthunjweni, ngenxa yalokho, abantu baqukethe inani elithile lazo. Kuma-zoo, aphakathi kwezilwane ezithandwa kakhulu izivakashi ngenxa yesimo sazo sobudlelwano nesothando. Ekuthunjweni, bavame ukuhlala ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-10 ubude kunasendle - iminyaka engama-40-50.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Njengabesilisa, izimfene zezinsikazi zinez "ladder zazo" zomphakathi. Labo abangaphezulu kwayo bangazwana nabalingani babo abahle futhi bathole ukudla kuqala.Isikhundla esiphakeme kuye sivame ukutholwa ngobuzibulo - owesifazane ohlonishwayo kusukela ebuntwaneni ukhomba amawundlu angamazi ukuthi ingane yakhe iphakeme kunabo, futhi kufanele bamlalele.
Ngemuva kokushona komama, isimo senhlalo samadodakazi abo singase sehle. Kepha kunenye inketho: abesifazane bangathola isikhundla ekulweni nezimbangi. Abesilisa ezimweni ezinjalo abaphazamisi noma ngabe omunye wabesifazane kungudadewabo noma indodakazi yabo.
IMfene - inkawu ehlekisayo futhi engenabungozi kubantu. Ngosayizi wabo omncane, bakwazi ukwakha isakhiwo senhlalo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi baqhubeka nokuthuthuka kuze kube namuhla. Mhlawumbe ezigidini zeminyaka, izimfene zizokwazi ngisho nokuzakhela eyazo impucuko. Ngakho-ke, zithakazelisa kakhulu ososayensi - okokuqala, ubudlelwane babo bezenhlalo bufundwa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06/29/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-22: 17
