Phakathi kwezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo, lenyoka ivelele inegama elinomoya "efa". Vumelana, igama libukeka njengomoya ophefumulayo noma womoya omnene. Igama Echus yafika ngesiLatini isuka egameni lesiGrikhi elithi [έχις] - viper. Unendlela engajwayelekile yokuhamba. Ayinuki, kepha ihamba eceleni.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi sikhulume ngalokhu ekuqaleni, ngoba igama lale nyoka lingavela kahle endleleni yokuhamba. Kusuka kuso esihlabathini kunemikhondo ngesimo sohlamvu lwesiLatini "f". Ngakho-ke, noma ngenxa yokuthi uthanda ukusonga hhayi ebholeni, kepha ngezihibe ezigoqiwe, enza umdwebo wohlamvu lwesiGreki "F" - phi, lesi silwane esihuquzelayo singabizwa nangokuthi i-efoy.
Kwakungale ndlela lapho aboniswa khona emidwebweni nasemidwebeni, ehlukanisa lokhu nezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Efa - inyoka emndenini wezinyoka, futhi emndenini wayo kuyinto enobuthi kakhulu. Kodwa le mpumelelo ayenele kuye, ngesibindi ungena izinyoka eziyishumi eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Wonke umuntu wesikhombisa owabulawa yinyoka walunywa yi-epha. Kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana nokugada amazinyane. Ngokuthakazelisayo, emithonjeni yaseNtshonalanga ibizwa ngokuthi ukhaphethi noma inyoka enesihlungu.
Yize incane, i-efa ingenye yezinyoka ezinobuthi kakhulu.
Incazelo nezici
I-Ephi izinyoka ezincane uma kuqhathaniswa, izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke azidluli ubude obungu-90 cm, kanti encane kunazo zonke ingamasentimitha angama-30. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesifazane. Ikhanda lincane, libanzi, limile okwepheya (noma limise okomkhonto), lihlukaniswe ngokucijile kusukela entanyeni, njengezinyoka eziningi. Zonke zimbozwe ngezikali ezincane. Isifonyo sifushane, siyindilinga, amehlo makhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, anomfundi oqonde mpo.
Kukhona izihlangu eziphakathi kwamakhala. Umzimba uyindilinga, uzacile, unemisipha. Inyoka ye-Efa esithombeni ayifani ngemibala egqamile, kepha isavusa isithakazelo, kwakungeyona neze into eyayibizwa ngokuthi inyoka ekhaphethi. Unombala ongemuva okhanyayo futhi ocacile. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kanye nezimo, umbala ungahluka kusuka kokukhanyayo ngokukhanyayo kuya kokumpunga, kwesinye isikhathi ngombala obomvu.
Kuwo wonke emuva kunephethini emhlophe enhle futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, engaba ngendlela yamabala noma amabha esihlalo. Izindawo ezimhlophe zihlangene nezimnyama. Izinhlangothi nesisu kuvame ukuba lula kunangemuva. Kunezindawo ezincane ezimnyama ezimpunga esiswini, nemivimbo elula yokukhanya emaceleni.
Isici esihluke kakhulu yizikali zayo. Lapho kuvezwa isembozo se-scaly se-ffo kulesi sibalo, kuyadingeka ukukhombisa ukusikwa okumazombezombe kwezinto ezincane ezisezinhlangothini. Ziqondiswe ngokulinganayo phansi futhi zifakwe izimbambo ze-sawtooth. Ngokuvamile kunemigqa engu-4-5 yalezi zikala.
Bakha umsindo odumile wokuphithizela, bakhonze ezihuquzelayo njengohlobo lwensimbi yomculo noma isignali yokuxwayisa. Ngenxa yazo, lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sathola igama elithi "amazinyo" noma "inyoka yesarha". Izikali ze-dorsal zincane futhi zinezimbambo ezivelayo. Umugqa owodwa we-longitudinal we-scutes utholakala ngaphansi komsila.
Esihlabathini esiwohlokayo, i-efa ihamba ngendlela ekhethekile, ingena enkontilekeni futhi ingabonakali njengentwasahlobo. Ekuqaleni, isirhubuluzi siphonsa ikhanda laso ohlangothini, bese siletha ingxenye yomsila womzimba lapho bese siya phambili kancane, bese sidonsa ingxenye engaphambili esele. Ngale ndlela yokuhamba kwe-lateral, umzila ushiywe uqukethe imichilo ehlukile ye-oblique eneziphetho ezixhunyiwe.
I-Efu ibonakala kalula ngomzimba wayo embozwe izikali eziningi.
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo luqukethe izinhlobo ezi-9.
- Echis carinatus — i-sandy efa... Futhi kukhona amagama: inyoka ekaliwe, inyoka encane yaseNdiya, inyoka yesarha. Bahlala eMiddle East nase-Asia Ephakathi. Inombala onesihlabathi ophuzi noma osagolide. Imigqa ekhanyayo yama-zigzag eqhubekayo ibonakala ezinhlangothini. Emzimbeni ongenhla, ngemuva nangekhanda, kunezindawo ezimhlophe ngohlobo lwama-loops; ukuqina kombala omhlophe kuyahluka ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Ekhanda, amabala amhlophe ahlukaniswe ngomphetho omnyama futhi abekwe ngendlela yesiphambano noma inyoni endizayo. Ngokulandelayo, i-Epha enesihlabathi ihlukaniswe yaba ama-subspecies ama-5.
- U-Echis uqola u-astrolabe - I-Astol efa, inyoka elivela esiqhingini sase-Astol ngasogwini lwasePakistan (elichazwe yisazi sezinto eziphilayo saseJalimane uRobert Mertens ngo-1970). Iphethini iqukethe uchungechunge lwamabala amnyama ansundu emhlane ngemuva okumhlophe. Imengamo ekhanyayo ezinhlangothini. Ekhanda kukhona uphawu olukhanyayo ngesimo se-trident esiqondiswe ngasekhaleni.
- I-Echis carinatus carinatus - ama-subspecies aqokiwe, inyoka yamazinyo yaseNingizimu India (echazwe nguJohann Gottlob Schneider, isazi semvelo saseJalimane kanye nesazi sezidalwa sasendulo, ngo-1801). Uhlala eNdiya.
- I-Echis carinatus multisquamatus - I-Efa Ephakathi noma i-Efa enamabala amaningi, inyoka yamazinyo yaseTrans-Caspian. Lokhu yilokhu ebesikucabanga uma sithi "sandy efa". Uhlala e-Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan nasePakistan. Usayizi uvamise ukuba ngamasentimitha angama-60, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukhula ube ngamasentimitha angama-80. Ukumakwa kwekhanda kuyisiphambano, ulayini omhlophe ohlangothini uqinile futhi uyajika. Kuchazwe nguVladimir Cherlin ngo-1981.
- I-Echis carinatus sinhaleyus - UCeylon efa, inyoka enesikali iSri Lanka (echazwe yi-herpetologist waseNdiya uDeranyagala ngo-1951). Umbala ofanayo nowaseNdiya, omncane ngosayizi ofika kuma-35 cm.
- Echis carinatus sochureki - i-efa Sochurek, inyoka enamazinyo kaStemmler, inyoka esenyakatho esempumalanga. Uhlala eNdiya, ePakistan, e-Afghanistan, e-Iran nasezingxenyeni zeNhlonhlo yase-Arabia. Ngemuva, umbala unombala ophuzi onsundu noma onsundu, maphakathi nendawo kukhona umugqa wamabala akhanyayo anemiphetho emnyama. Izinhlangothi zimakwe ngama-arcs amnyama. Isisu sikhanya, sinamabala amnyama ampunga. Ekhanda phezulu kunomdwebo osesimweni somcibisholo oqondiswe ngasekhaleni. Kuchazwe nguStemmler ngo-1969.
- I-Echis coloratus - i-motley efa. Kusatshalaliswe empumalanga yeGibhithe, iJordani, kwa-Israyeli, emazweni ase-Peninsula yase-Arabia.
- Echis hughesi - USomalia Efa, inyoka kaHughes (eqanjwe ngo-herpetologist waseBrithani uBarry Hughes). Itholakala enyakatho yeSomalia kuphela, ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-32. Iphethini ayicaci ngokwejiyometri, iqukethe izindawo ezimnyama nezikhanyayo ngemuva okungemnyama ngokukhanyayo.
- Echis jogeri - ukhaphethi wenyoka uJoger, ukhaphethi wenyoka eMali. Uhlala eMali (eNtshonalanga Afrika). Incane, ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-30. Umbala uyehluka kusuka konsundu kuya kwempunga ngokubomvu. Iphethini iqukethe uchungechunge lwamaluphu akhanyayo we-oblique noma ama-crossbars ngemuva ngesimo sesihlalo, esikhanyayo ezinhlangothini, simnyama maphakathi. Isisu ukhilimu ophaphathekile noma indlovu.
- Echis leucogaster - u-Efa omhlophe, uhlala eNtshonalanga naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Afrika. Iqanjwe ngombala wesisu. Ubukhulu bungamasentimitha angama-70, kuyaqabukela kukhule kube ngamasentimitha angama-87. Umbala uyefana nezinhlobo zangaphambilini. Aihlali njalo ogwadule, kwesinye isikhathi iyanethezeka ezindaweni ezingama-savanna ezomile, emibhedeni yemifula eyomile. Ukubeka amaqanda.
- I-Echis megalocephalus -I-Efa enekhanda elikhulu, inyoka ekhuphukile kaCherlin. Usayizi ofinyelela kuma-61 cm, uhlala esiqhingini esisodwa oLwandle Olubomvu, ngasogwini lwase-Eritrea e-Afrika. Faka umbala kusuka kokumpunga uye kobumnyama, ube nezindawo ezikhanyayo ngemuva.
- Echis ocellatus - Isigaxa sikakhaphethi waseNtshonalanga Afrika (inyoka yokhaphethi eyakhiwe ocellated). Kutholakala eNtshonalanga Afrika. Ihluka ngephethini eyenziwe ngendlela "yamehlo" esikalini. Usayizi omkhulu ngama-cm 65. I-Oviparous, amaqanda ayi-6 kuye kwangama-20 esidlekeni. Ukubeka kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMashi. Kuchazwe ngu-Otmar Stemmler ngo-1970.
- Echis omanensis - I-Omani efa (i-Omani ekhuphukile inyoka). Uhlala e-United Arab Emirates nasempumalanga ye-Oman. Ingakhuphuka izintaba ibude obungamamitha ayi-1000.
- I-Echis pyramidum - I-efa yaseGibhithe (inyoka ekhulisiwe yaseGibhithe, inyoka yasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika). Uhlala engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Afrika, e-Peninsula yase-Arabia, ePakistan. Kuze kube ngu-85 cm ubude.
Imithombo yesiNgisi ikhombisa ezinye izinhlobo ezi-3: i-efa Borkini (ihlala entshonalanga ye-Yemen), i-efa Hosatsky (i-East Yemen ne-Oman) ne-efa Romani (esanda kutholakala eSouthwestern Chad, eNigeria, enyakatho yeCameroon).
Ngithanda ukuqaphela umnikelo kasosayensi wethu waseRussia uVladimir Alexandrovich Cherlin. Ezinhlotsheni eziyi-12 ze-ephae ezaziwa umhlaba wonke, ungumbhali wamaqembu ama-5 ezintela (wazichaza kuqala).
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ungenza indawo etholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zenyoka, ngokusho lokho kutholakala inyoka efa ezifundeni ezomile zase-Afrika, eMiddle East, Pakistan, India naseSri Lanka. Endaweni eyalandelwa yiSoviet (iTurkmenistan, Uzbekistan, iTajikistan), inhlobo eyodwa yalolu hlobo isakazekile - i-sandy epha, evezwe yi-subspecies - Central Asia.
Bahlala ezingwadule zobumba, ezindaweni ezingapheli ezinesihlabathi phakathi kwama-saxauls, kanye nasemadwaleni emifula emahlathini. Ezimweni ezikahle zezinyoka, ziyakwazi ukuhlala ngokwanele. Isibonelo, esigodini soMfula iMurghab endaweni engaba amakhilomitha ayi-1.5, abadobi bezinyoka sebemayini abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ze-ef.
Ngemuva kokulala ubusika, zihamba zize ziphume ebusika - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngoFebhuwari-Mashi). Ngesikhathi esipholile, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, bayasebenza emini, ehlobo elishisayo - ebusuku. Ebusika zitholakala ngo-Okthoba, ngenkathi zinganqikazi ukungena emigodini yabanye abantu, ibaphanga kumagundane. Bangakhosela nasemifantwini, emigodini, noma emithambekeni ethambile yamawa.
Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo, i-Efa enesihlabathi ivelele ngokuziphatha kwayo. Le nyoka enamandla ihlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi icishe ihlale ihamba. Uthola kalula izakhamuzi zasogwadule nezincane. Noma okwamanje wokugaya ukudla, akuyeki ukuhamba.
Ukubona ngaphambili ingozi ye-EFA kuqala ukwenza umsindo omkhulu ngezikali emzimbeni
Kusentwasahlobo kuphela lapho engavumela khona ukuphumula nokulala elangeni isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla. Yile ndlela esilulama ngayo lesi silwane ngemuva kobusika. Nge-ephae enesihlabathi, akuyona into edingekayo yokulala ubusika. Uyaqhubeka nokunyakaza njalo, ukuzingela, ukubakhona ngenkuthalo ebusika, ikakhulukazi uma kuyisikhathi esifudumele.
Ngosuku lwasebusika elibalele, uvame ukubonakala egcwala emadwaleni. USandy Efa uhlala futhi uzingela yedwa. Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona ukubonwa kokuthi lezi zinyoka zayithola kanjani i-gerbil enkulu kwezintathu. Bangakwazi ukuhlala ndawonye, noma kunjalo, ukuthi zinamathele kangakanani komunye nomunye, noma okuphambene nalokho, akukaze kufundwe.
U-Efa uthanda ukuzingcwaba ngokuphelele esihlabathini, ukuhlangana nayo ngombala. Okwamanje, akunakwenzeka ukuwubona, futhi kuyingozi enkulu. Empeleni, kusukela kulesi sikhundla, uvame ukuhlasela isisulu. Le nyoka ayinakho ukwesaba abantu okuncane. Bangena ezindlini, ezakhiweni ezingaphandle, emiphongolweni befuna ukudla. Kunezimo ezaziwayo lapho izimbobo ze-f zihlala phansi ngaphansi kwesakhiwo sokuhlala.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ziphila ngokudla amagundane amancane, kwesinye isikhathi izibankwa, amasele amaxhaphozi, izinyoni, amasele aluhlaza. Bona, njengezinyoka eziningi, bakhule badla abantu. Ama-Eph adla izinyoka ezincane. Futhi abazincishi injabulo yokudla izinkumbi, amabhungane amnyama, ama-centipedes, nofezela. Ngenjabulo ubamba amagundane, amatshwele, adle amaqanda ezinyoni.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-eff, ikakhulukazi ezase-Afrika, ziyi-oviparous. AmaNdiya, kanye nesihlabathi sethu esijwayelekile esiyi-Central Asia Efa, kukhona i-viviparous. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni yobudala eyi-3.5-4. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka ngoMashi-Ephreli, kepha entwasahlobo efudumele kungenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Uma i-efa ingangeni ebusika, njengesihlabathi, ukukhwelana kuqala ngoFebhuwari. Ngemuva kwalokho inzalo izalwa ekupheleni kukaMashi. Lesi yisikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu kubahlali bendawo, lapho kutholakala khona leli elibandayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, inyoka iba nolaka nodlame ikakhulukazi.
Isikhathi sonke sokukhwelana sifushane futhi sinesiphepho, kuthatha amasonto angaba ngu-2-2.5. Umona omncane phakathi kwabesilisa, izimpi ezinodlame, futhi manje owinile uyahlonishwa nethuba lokuba ngubaba. Kuyiqiniso, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, amanye amaduna avame ukuhlangana nawo, agobe ibhola lomshado. Sekuvele ukuthi ngubani osheshayo.
Ngendlela, azikaze zilume izimbangi noma izintombi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Esigodini saseSumbar, ososayensi bethu kulolu hambo bamangazwa yinto engavamile yezinyoka. Ngolunye usuku lukaJanuwari olufudumele, umfana wendawo weza egijima ememeza "umshado wenyoka".
Abamkholwanga, izinyoka azivuki ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo, ngisho izihlabathi ze-f-hole ziqala inqubo yazo hhayi ngaphambi kukaFebhuwari. Nokho, saya ukuyobona. Futhi babona ibhola lenyoka, njengesidalwa, lihamba phakathi kwamahlanga omile otshani. Noma okwamanje kukhwelwa, abayeki ukunyakaza.
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa (ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30-39), amaqanda avundiswe ngaphakathi kuye, owesifazane ubeletha amancane, u-10-16 cm ngosayizi, izinyoka. Isibalo sawo sisuka ku-3 kuye ku-16. Njengomama, i-efa enesihlabathi inesibopho esikhulu, ingaluma wonke umuntu osondela kulenzalo.
Futhi akadli amawundlu akhe, njengoba kwenza ezinye izinyoka. Izinyoka ezincane zikhula ngokushesha futhi cishe ngokushesha ziyakwazi ukuzizingela. Abakakwazi ukubamba igundane, i-amphibian noma inyoni, kepha badla izinkumbi ezinwabuzelayo nezinye izinambuzane nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezinesifiso sokudla.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-reptile sineminyaka eyi-10-12 ngokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke izimo azikhethele zona njengendawo yokuhlala azihambisani nempilo ende. Bahlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezingama-terrariums. Kwesinye isikhathi i-efy ifa izinyanga ezi-3-4 ngemuva kokuboshwa.
Lezi zinyoka mancane amathuba okuthi zigcinwe ema-zoo. Konke ngoba badinga ukuhamba njalo, abakwazi ukubekezelela isikhala esilinganiselwe. Inyoka e-fidget, nansi indlela ongasho ngayo ngalesi silwane esihuquzelayo.
Kuthiwani uma ulunywa yi-efa?
Inyoka i-efa inobuthi, ngakho-ke umuntu kufanele aqaphele kakhulu lapho ehlangana nayo. Akufanele usondele kuye, uzame ukumbamba, ukumklolodela. Yena ngokwakhe ngeke ahlasele umuntu, uzozama kuphela ukuxwayisa. Uthatha isimo sokuzivikela "ipuleti" - amasongo amabili uhhafu anekhanda phakathi, sesivele sishilo ukuthi le pose iyafana nohlamvu "F".
Amasongo ayahlikihlana futhi izikali ezinamakhasi ezinhlangothini zenza umsindo omkhulu wokuphithizela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho isilwane esihuquzelayo sijabule ngokwengeziwe, umsindo uba phezulu. Ngalokhu ubizwa ngokuthi "inyoka enomsindo". Okungenzeka ukuthi, okwamanje uzama ukuthi - "ungasondeli kimi, ngeke ngikuthinte uma ungangikhathazi."
Isirhubuluzi esinoshevu asizihlaseli ngokwaso ngokungadingekile uma singaphazanyiswa. Ukuzivikela kanye nenzalo yaso, lesi silwane esibulalayo sikhipha umzimba waso wemisipha khona manjalo, sifaka wonke amandla aso nolaka kulokhu kuphonsa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuphonsa kungaba phezulu kakhulu futhi kube yinde.
U-Ephas uluma okuyingozi kakhulu, ngemuva kokuthi kufe abantu abangama-20%. Umthamo obulalayo wobuthi ucishe ube yi-5 mg. Inomphumela we-hemolytic (ichitha ama-erythrocyte egazini, ibhubhisa igazi). Ngemuva kokulunywa, umuntu uqala ukopha kakhulu enxebeni elikuyo indawo yokulunywa, kusukela ekhaleni, ezindlebeni ngisho nasemphinjeni.
Ivimbela isenzo se-protein fibrinogen, esibhekele ukujiya kwegazi. Uma umuntu ekwazi ukusinda ngokulunywa yi-ephae, angaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zezinso impilo yakhe yonke.
Uma ulunywa yi-efa:
- Zama ukunganyakazi, ukucindezela kwemisipha kukhuphula izinga lokumunca ushevu.
- Zama ukumunca okungenani ubuthi enxebeni. Hhayi ngomlomo wakho kuphela, kodwa sebenzisa isibani senjoloba noma isirinji elahlwayo etholakala kusikhwama sosizo lokuqala.
- Thatha ama-antihistamine kanye nokuqeda izinhlungu kwikhabethe lemithi (ngaphandle kwe-aspirin, i-efa poison sekuvele kuncipha kwegazi)
- Phuza amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Iya esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu.
Akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele:
- Faka isicelo se-tourniquet
- Hlanza indawo yokuluma
- Chip ukuluma ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate
- Ukwenza ukusikeka eduze kokulunywa
- Ukuphuza utshwala.
Kepha noma kunjalo ephae inyoka enobuthi ngokungangabazeki kunomthelela kwezokwelapha. Njenganoma imuphi ubuthi, ngumuthi obalulekile ngemithamo emincane. Izici zayo ze-hemolytic zingasetshenziswa ukulwa ne-thrombosis. Kuyingxenye yokuthambisa izinhlungu (njengeViprazide).
Ngesisekelo salo shevu, kwenziwa imijovo esiza umfutho wegazi ophezulu, i-sciatica, i-neuralgia, i-osteochondrosis, i-polyarthritis, i-rheumatism, i-migraine. Manje bakha umuthi ongasiza ngisho nange-oncology nesifo sikashukela.
Futhi-ke, kwenziwa ama-serum kanye nemigomo yokulwa nokulunywa yizinyoka. Kusalokhu kungezwa ukuthi ubuthi be-epha, njenganoma iyiphi inyoka, abuqondakali ngokuphelele, kuyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi yezingxenye ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, isasetshenziswa kuphela ngendlela ehlanziwe (ehlukanisiwe).
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Ithonsi elilodwa likashevu we-efa lingabulala cishe abantu abayikhulu. Ngaphandle kokuba nobuthi obedlulele, lo shevu ucashile kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi, imiphumela emibi kulabo abasindile ngokulunywa ayiqali ngaphambi kwenyanga kamuva. Ukufa kungenzeka ngisho ezinsukwini ezingama-40 ngemuva kokulunywa.
- I-Efa iyakwazi ukweqa ifike kumitha elilodwa ukuphakama futhi ifike kumamitha amathathu ubude. Ngakho-ke, kudikibala kakhulu ukusondela eduze kuka-3-4 m.
- Igama elithi "inyoka ebilayo" libuye lisho neqhawekazi lethu. Umsindo oxokozelayo axwayisa ngawo ngokuhlaselwa kwakhe ufana nokuqhekeka kukawoyela oshisayo epanini lokuthosa.
- Igama elithi "ikhayithi elindizayo lomlilo", esilijwayele eBhayibhelini, likhonjwe ngabaphenyi abathile abane-epha. Lokhu kucabanga kusekelwe ezinkomba eziyishumi ezivela eBhayibhelini elifanayo. Bahlala (e-efy) e-Arava Valley (e-Peninsula yase-Arabia), bakhetha indawo enamadwala, banobuthi obubulalayo, futhi bayaluma "ngomlilo". Banombala obomvu "onjengomlilo", umbani ("ondizayo"), ngemuva kwalokho ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yokopha ngaphakathi. Emibhalweni yamaRoma yango-22 A.D. likhuluma "ngenyoka enesimo sesaha."
- I-Efa Dune ithathwa njengenye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu eBaltics. Itholakala eCuronian Spit esifundeni saseKaliningrad. Le ndawo ibhekwa ngokufanele njengengcebo kazwelonke, ipaki eyingqayizivele yenhlonipho. Lapho ungabona okuthiwa "ihlathi lokudansa", elenziwe yizihlahla eziyinqaba ezisontekile, ezazisebenza phezu kwazo imimoya yasolwandle. Yabizwa ngo-Efoy ngemuva komhloli wezindunduma uFranz Ef, owayengamele ukuqiniswa kommango wesihlabathi esingumahamba nendlwana nokulondolozwa kwehlathi elikulo.
- I-Efami yizimbobo zokuphindaphindwa phezulu kwe-violin. Zibukeka njengonobumba omncane wesiLatin u- “f” futhi zithinta umsindo wensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abenzi be-violin abadumile banamathele kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwezimbobo ze-f "emzimbeni" we-violin. I-Amati ibabaze ngokufana komunye nomunye, iStradivari - nge-engeli elincanyana komunye nomunye, noGuarneri - omile kancane, omude, ongajwayele ukubukeka
