Wonke umuntu uyazi iqhawe lezinganekwane zikaKipling okuthiwa uRiki-Tiki-Tavi, kodwa bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi i-mongoose yasendle ayilwi nje kuphela ngesibindi nezinyoka, kodwa futhi iyashesha ukunamathela kumuntu. Uhamba ngezithende zakhe, ulale eduzane futhi aze afe ngisho nangomunyu uma umnikazi ehamba.
Incazelo yemongoose
UMongoose uvele ngesikhathi sePaleocene, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule... Lezi zilwane eziphakathi nendawo ngaphansi kwegama lesayensi elithi Herpestidae zifakiwe ku-suborder Cat-like, yize ngaphandle zibukeka zifana nama-ferrets.
Ukubukeka
AmaMongoose awashayi ngosayizi ngokuqhathaniswa nezizinda zezilwane ezincelisayo zeplanethi. Umzimba ohlukaniswe ngemisipha, kuye ngohlobo, ungena ebangeni elingu-18-75 cm ngesisindo esingu-280 g (i-dwarf mongoose) no-5 kg (i-mongoose emhlophe). Umsila ufana nesigaxa futhi u-2/3 ubude bomzimba.
Ikhanda elicocekile, elinezindlebe eziyindilinga, lihlangana nesifonyo esinciphile ngamehlo alinganayo. Amazinyo e-mongoose (32 kuya ku-40) mancane kodwa aqinile futhi enzelwe ukubhoboza isikhumba senyoka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, i-mongoose yayikhishwe emndenini we-civerrid. Kwavela ukuthi, ngokungafani nalezi zakamuva, ezinezindlala zephunga eliseduze ne-anal, ama-mongoose asebenzisa izidunu (ukuheha abesifazane noma ukumaka indawo yabo).
Izilwane zinamehlo amahle kakhulu futhi zilawula kalula umzimba wazo oqinile oguquguqukayo, okwenza ukuphonswa kombani okusheshayo. Ukuze ubhekane nesitha, kusiza nezinzipho ezibukhali ezingabuyisi, ngesikhathi sokuthula zisetshenziselwa ukumba imigqa engaphansi komhlaba.
Izinwele ezijiyile eziqinile zivikela ekulunyweni yinyoka, kepha azisindisi ekubuseni kwamazeze nemikhaza (kulokhu, ama-mongoose amane ashintshe indawo yawo yokuhlala). Uboya bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene bunombala waso, kusuka kwimpunga kuya kokusundu, i-monochromatic noma enemigqa.
Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kweMongoose
Umndeni we-Herpestidae (Mongoose) unemikhakha eyi-17 enezinhlobo ezingama-35. Phakathi kwesizukulwane esiyishumi nambili (cishe), esivame kakhulu yilezi:
- amanzi nama-mongooses aphuzi;
- unyawo olumnyama nomsila omhlophe;
- mfushane futhi emthende;
- Ama-Kuzimans nama-mongooses aseLiberia;
- IDologale neParacynictis;
- USuricata noRhynchogale.
Lokhu kufaka nohlobo lwe-Herpestes (Mongoose) olunezinhlobo eziyi-12:
- ama-mongooses amancane nansundu;
- ama-mongooses anemisila emifushane futhi anekhala elide;
- Ama-mongooses aseJavan naseGibhithe;
- i-mongoose ehlanganiswe futhi enemigqa;
- i-crabeater mongoose ne-swamp mongoose;
- Ama-mongooses aseNdiya futhi ajwayelekile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Yizinhlobo ezimbili zokugcina ezivela kuhlobo lweHerpestes ezibhekwa njengezilwi ezingenakulinganiswa ezimpini ezinezinyoka ezinobuthi. I-mongoose yase-India enesizotha, ngokwesibonelo, iyakwazi ukubulala isitha esinamandla njengemfezi ebukekayo engamamitha amabili.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ngokubonakala kwendawo, akuzona zonke izilwane ezikulungele ukulwela isayithi lazo: njengomthetho, zihlala ngokuthula nezinye izilwane. Umsebenzi weTwilight ujwayelekile kuma-hermit mongooses, kanti umsebenzi wasemini owalabo abakhetha ukuhlala ngamaqembu (ama-meerkats, ama-mongooses amthende futhi amancane). Lezi zinhlobo zizimba zazo noma zihlale emigodini yabanye abantu, hhayi neze zinamahloni ngokuba khona kwabaninizo, ngokwesibonelo, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini.
Ama-mongooses anemifantu / amthende athanda ukuhlala ezindundumeni zomuhlwa ezindala, eshiya izingane kanye nabantu abadala abayi-1-2 lapho ngenkathi ezinye zidla. Umphakathi womndeni uvame ukuba nama-mongoose angama-5-40, amatasa (ngaphandle kokondla) ekama uboya nemidlalo enomsindo ngokulingisa ukulwa nokujaha.
Ekushiseni, lezi zilwane zindikindiki ngaphansi kwelanga eduze kwemigodi, ngethemba lombala wazo wokuzifihla, ozisizayo ukuthi zihlangane nezwe. Yize kunjalo, kuhlala kukhona unogada eqenjini, obuka indawo nokuxwayisa ngengozi ngokukhala, ngemuva kwalokho ama-mongooses abalekela ukucasha.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani umongo?
UMongoose, ozalelwe emiphakathini emikhulu, maningi amathuba okuthi aphile isikhathi eside kunabodwa. Lokhu kungenxa yesibopho esihlangene - izingane ngemuva kokushona kwabazali bazo zikhuliswa ngamanye amalungu eqembu.
Kuyathakazelisa! AmaMongoose afunde ukulwela izimpilo zawo eyedwa: ukweqa ukulunywa yinyoka, adla i- "mangusvile", impande yokwelapha esiza ukubhekana nemiphumela yobuhlungu benyoka.
Isikhathi sokuphila semongoose emvelweni cishe siyiminyaka eyi-8, futhi sicishe siphindwe kabili ekuthunjweni (e-zoo noma ekhaya).
Indawo yokuhlala, imongoose
I-Mongoose ihlala ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zase-Afrika nase-Asia, kanti ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, i-mongoose yaseGibhithe ayitholakali e-Asia kuphela, kodwa naseningizimu yeYurophu. Futhi, lolu hlobo lwethulwa ezwenikazi laseMelika.
Izindawo zeMongoose:
- ihlathi elimanzi;
- izintaba ezinezihlahla;
- i-savannah;
- izimila eziqhakazayo;
- izingwadule nezingwadule;
- ogwini lolwandle;
- izindawo ezisemadolobheni.
Emadolobheni, ama-mongoose avamise ukuguqula ukuthuthwa kwendle, imisele, imingxunya yamatshe, imigodi, iziqu ezibolile nezindawo ezinemiphakathi yokuhlala. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala eduze kwamanzi, zihlala osebeni lwamachibi kanye namaxhaphozi, kanye nemifula yomfula (i-water mongoose). Iningi lezilwane ezidla ezinye zisemhlabeni, futhi zimbili kuphela (ama-mongoose ama-ring-tailed and African slender) akhetha ukuhlala futhi adle ezihlahleni.
AmaMongoose "amafulethi" angatholakala ezindaweni ezimangalisa kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho bakha khona imigudu engaphansi komhlaba enamagatsha... Izinhlobo zemizulane zishintsha izindlu cishe njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Ukudla, okudliwa imongoose
Cishe zonke izinhlanzi ze-mongoose zifuna ukudla ngokwazo, zihlangana kuphela lapho zithola izinto ezinkulu. Lokhu kwenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, ngama-mongooses amancane. Zithanda omnivorous futhi azinamqondo: zidla cishe yonke into ewela esweni. Iningi lokudla liqukethe izinambuzane, ezincane - izilwane ezincane nezitshalo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izidumbu.
Ukudla kweMongoose:
- amagundane amancane;
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane;
- izinyoni ezincane;
- ezihuquzelayo kanye nasemanzini;
- amaqanda ezinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo;
- izinambuzane;
- izimila kufaka phakathi izithelo, izilimo eziyizigaxa, amaqabunga nezimpande.
Ama-mongoose adla inkalakatha ancike kakhulu kuma-crustaceans, angashiywa ngama-mongooses amanzi.... Lezi zamuva zifuna ukudla (ama-crustaceans, izinkalankala kanye nama-amphibian) emifudlaneni, zikhipha inyamazane kuzipho ngezinzipho ezibukhali. Ama-mongoose amanzi awagwemi amaqanda ezingwenya nezinhlanzi ezincane. Amanye ama-mongoose nawo asebenzisa izinzipho zawo ukudla, adwengula amahlamvu / inhlabathi evulekile futhi akhiphe izidalwa eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi izicabucabu, amabhungane nezibungu.
Izitha zemvelo
Kuma-mongoose, lezi yizinyoni ezidla inyama, izinyoka nezilwane ezinkulu ezinjengezingwe, izingwengwe, izimpungushe, izigqila nezinye. Ngokuvamile, amawundlu awela emazinyweni ezidliwayo, angenaso isikhathi sokucasha emgodini ngesikhathi.
I-mongoose endala izama ukweqa isitha, kepha, iqhutshelwa ekhoneni, ikhombisa umlingiswa - igobisa umhlane wayo nge-hump, igxibhe uboya bayo, iphakamise umsila wayo ngokusabisa, ibhaxe futhi ikhonkothe, ilume futhi ishise uketshezi olunukayo kusuka kwizindlala zangasese.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Lo mkhakha wokuphila kwama-mongooses awukaze wafundwa ngokwanele: kuyaziwa ukuthi owesifazane uletha kusuka ezinganeni ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-3 eziyizimpumputhe futhi ezihamba ze ngokuphelele, ezibeletha emfantwini onamatshe noma emgodini. Amawundlu avuthwa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho ancike kunina, kodwa-ke, onakekela inzalo ngokuphelele.
Okubalulekile! Ukuziphatha kokuzala kwama-mongoose wezenhlalo kufundwe kabanzi - cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-2, ngaphandle kwama-mongoose amaNdiya (izinsuku ezingama-42) nama-mongoose amancanyana (izinsuku eziyi-105).
Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, isilwane sinesisindo esingadluli ku-20 g, futhi ku-brood ngayinye kune-2-3, ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezingu-6 izingane. Amantshontsho abo bonke abesifazane agcinwa ndawonye futhi angondliwa ngunina kuphela, kodwa futhi nanganoma yimuphi omunye.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuziphatha kocansi kwama-mongooses amancane, umphakathi wawo ojwayelekile unezilwane eziyi-10-12 (ezingavamile ezingama-20-40), ezihlobene nolayini womama, zifuna ukwazi kakhulu. Iqembu elinjalo liqhutshwa ngabashadikazi abangabodwa, lapho indima yenduna iya kowesifazane osekhulile, nephini kumlingani wakhe.
Yilo mbhangqwana kuphela ovunyelwe ukuzala inzalo: owesifazane ovelele ucindezela imizwa evundile yabanye abantu... Bonke abanye besilisa beqembu, abangafuni ukubekezelela isimo esinjalo, bavame ukuya eceleni, emaqenjini lapho bangathola khona izingane zabo.
Lapho izingane zivela, abesilisa bathatha indima yokuba ngabazalikazi, kuyilapho abesifazane behamba beyofuna ukudla. Abesilisa banakekela izingane futhi, uma kunesidingo, bahudule, babambe i-nape yentamo ngamazinyo abo, baye ezindaweni eziphephile. Lapho izingane zikhula, zinikezwa ukudla okuqinile, kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana zikuthathe zihambe nazo zibafundise ukuthi bangakuthola kanjani ukudla okufanele. Ukuzala kuma-mongooses amancane kwenzeka cishe unyaka owodwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Izifundazwe eziningi zivimbele ukungeniswa kwe-mongoose, njengoba kuvundile ngokwedlulele, kuyanda ngokushesha futhi kube yinhlekelele yangempela kubalimi, kuqedwe amagundane hhayi izinkukhu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina, ama-mongoose afakwa eziQhingini zaseHawaii ukulwa namagundane namagundane adla izilimo zikamoba. Ngenxa yalokho, izilwane ezidla ezinye zaqala ukusongela izilwane zasendaweni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-mongooses uqobo (ngokunembile, ezinye zezinhlobo zawo) abekwa onqenqemeni lokubhujiswa ngenxa yemisebenzi yomuntu ogawula amahlathi, athuthukise izindawo ezintsha zokulima futhi aqede izindawo ezivamile zemongoose. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ziyabhujiswa ngenxa yemisila yazo ethambile, futhi ziyazingelwa nezinja.
Konke lokhu kuphoqa ama-mongooses ukuthi afuduke ayofuna ukudla nezindawo ezintsha zokuhlala.... Kulezi zinsuku, akukho ukulingana phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezinye zazo esezisondele (ngenxa yezenzo zabantu ezingenangqondo) umkhawulo wokuqothulwa, kanti ezinye ziye zazala kabi, zisongela ubukhona bezilwane zabomdabu.
