Ekhuluma ngesimo esinjengokulwa nezinhlobo zezinja, umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi aziziningi kangako emhlabeni, futhi zonke zifuna ukunqoba izinja zazo ezilinganayo. Ubudlova obubhekiswe kubantu abufakiwe: imidlwane enjalo iya emshadweni ngokushesha.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezinja zokulwa
Izintandokazi ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba... Ezweni leLanga eliphumayo, ukubhejela (ngokoqobo nangokomfanekiso) kwenziwa kuzalo lwasekhaya i-Tosa Inu, ePakistan Bully Kutta (Pakistani Mastiffs) kuyadlalwa, eRussia, ama-wolfhounds kanye ne-pit pit terriers zaseMelika zivame ukuqeqeshwa, eNingizimu Melika, i-fila brasileiro isetshenziswa kakhulu ekulweni kwezinja kanye nama-argentine mastiffs.
I-American Pit Bull Terrier
Wakhishwa ngamabomu eyolwa izinja ezibulalayo, futhi okhokho balolo hlobo balwa (kuhlu olwenziwe ngcono) ngamabhere, izinkunzi nezingulube zasendle. Ngemuva kokuvinjelwa kokubanjwa kwezinkabi eNgilandi (1935), izinja kwadingeka ziphinde zenziwe iphrofayili, zifundiswe ukondla imfuyo, ukuzingela, nokusesha, ukuhlenga nokuvikela abantu.
Manje i-American Pit Bull Terrier ithandwa kakhulu e-United States nasendaweni eyayiyiSoviet Union yangaphambili: kulapha ukuthi iyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa ekulweni kwezinja, kucatshangelwa (hhayi ngaphandle kwesizathu) uhlobo lokulwa olunolaka kakhulu.
Wonke ama-Pit Bull Terriers ahlinzekwa ngamaphepha asemthethweni avela ezinhlanganweni zase-cynological zase-US, ngoba i-FCI noma i-Russian Cynological Federation ayibonanga lolu hlobo kuze kube manje.
IPit Bull Terrier ibukeka njenge-gladiator yangempela: unemisipha ekhule kahle, unwele olufushane oluqinile, isifonyo esihlaba umxhwele, intamo eqinile, isifuba esibanzi, imilenze eqinile nemihlathi enamandla. Inja ikhula ize ifike ku-40-60 cm futhi inesisindo esingama-20-36 kg.
Okubalulekile! Nikeza inja yakho umsebenzi omningi wokunciphisa amandla abilayo kuyo. Ukuqina kokuqeqeshwa, incipha kakhulu ingozi yokubona ulaka olungashukunyiswa luye kumuntu.
IPit Bull Terrier iyakwazi ukuba mnene kakhulu (kufaka phakathi izingane) ngemfundo efanele kanye nokuxhumana nabantu.
UTosa Inu
Inganekwane yempi yaseJapane molossus, ethule futhi enegazi elibandayo ukuqedela ukulingana. Uhlobo lwenzelwe ngqo ukulwa kwezinja, ukuwela izinja zabomdabu ezinama-bulldogs, ama-bull terriers, ama-mastiffs, izikhombisi, iSt.
Izwe - ubukhulu bukaTosa esiqhingini. IShikoku, lapho iTosa Inu yatholakala khona ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Kuyinja enkulu (40-60 kg enobude obungu-60-80 cm) inja enezinwele ezimfushane enokhakhayi olubanzi oluqinile nomlomo oqinile. Unezindlebe ezixegayo nesikhumba esisongekile emphinjeni.
Ama-mastiffs aseJapan akhombisa ukuthi awukho umzwelo, empeleni awabuzwa ubuhlungu, anquma futhi azimele, yingakho edinga isandla senkosi esiqinile. Inja uqobo lwayo inquma ukuthi yini okufanele ibhekwe njengosongo, futhi uma isiphelile, iphendula ngesivinini sombani nangamandla angenakuphikiswa.
Izinja zokulwa ziqeqeshelwa kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ukuqeqeshwa kufana nesiko elinenqwaba yemikhosi ejwayelekile yaseJapan, futhi ukulwa uqobo akuvumeli ukuchitheka kwegazi, kunalokho kungumbukiso. Inja eyalimaza umphikisi ingaphansi kokungafaneleki impilo yonke, yingakho izimpi zikaTosa Inu zingapheli ekulimaleni noma ekufeni.
I-Alabai
Enye i-molossus, yehla ezinjeni zakudala eziqoqa amaphuphu e-Asiriya naseGibhithe. Kulezi zinsuku, i-Central Asia Shepherd Dog ayigcini nje ngokudla futhi ivikele imihlambi, kepha futhi isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ezimpini zezinja (eRussian Federation, Central Asia naseCaucasus).
Njengoba i-CAO yazalelwa ukuqapha / ukuqhuba imihlambi, banesimo esiqinile nokubekezela okuhle. I-Alabai ikhula ize ifike ku-70 cm (owesilisa) enesisindo esingu-40 kuya ku-80 kg. Umsila nezindlebe kuvame ukubekwa ethekwini
Inja izinikele kumnikazi oyedwa, iphatha amanye amalungu omndeni ngokukhetha. Ukuzimisela kwenja kwesinye isikhathi kufinyelela eqophelweni lokungahlonishwa okuqondile kwe-oda. Ukuze angabhekani nentando ye-Alabai, akumele akhombise ubuthakathaka bakhe futhi kumele ahlangane nabantu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ungathathi i-Central Asia Shepherd Dog uma ungazwisisi imininingwane yalolu hlobo olunzima nolunenkani. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule e-USSR, uhlelo lwaluyi-fiasco, ngokusho ukuthi i-Alabai kwakufanele ivikele izindawo ezibalulekile zombuso. Kwavela ukuthi izinja aziqeqeshiwe ngamaqembu, kepha zidinga indlela yomuntu ngamunye.
UFila brasileiro
Umhlobo lo ubonwe njengoyingozi eNew Zealand, okuvimbele ukungeniswa kwalezi zinja. Umthetho ofanayo uyasebenza ezifundazweni ezithile zase-Australia ezikhawulela noma ezinqabela ukuba ne-fila brasileiro. Izilwane azikwazi ukungeniswa eRiphabhulikhi yaseCyprus, kanti kwa-Israyeli, eNgilandi naseNorway, kuzodingeka isinqumo esikhethekile senkantolo ukuthola i-phylum.
I-Fila brasileiro iyi-molossoid enamathambo amakhulu nesikhumba esigoqiwe. Ukuphakama kuyehluka kusuka ku-60 kuye ku-75 cm, nesisindo ebangeni lama-40-50 kg.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukwenqatshwa kwabangaphandle, okuphendukela ekuhlukumezeni okuqondile, kuyizakhi zofuzo, ngenxa yalokho i-fillet ithethelelwa ngisho nokubamba amajaji emibukisweni nasemincintiswaneni.
Intukuthelo emnene ayisona isizathu sokungafaneleki, futhi amajaji awelulekwa (ngokwezinga laseBrazil) ukuthi athinte inja.
UFila brasileiro uyinja yezikhulu, labo abangashintsha ubuntu bayo obunzima. Ngendlela enobuchule, unogada onokwethenjelwa nomngani weqiniso, olalelayo futhi ozinikele, ovikela ngokungazinikeli hhayi kuphela amalungu omndeni, kepha nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, ukhula ngaphandle kwe-phylum.
Ukuhlukumeza kutta
IPakistan ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yama-mastiffs, yize izingxabano ngemvelaphi zingakabi bikho. Ngokwenguqulo eyodwa, izinja zafika lapha namaPheresiya, aphoqa okhokho beBully Kutta (cishe ngo-486-465 BC) ukuthi bagade izigqila. Lapho amaPheresiya axoshwa ezweni, izinja zahlala lapha njengabalweli nabaqaphi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abalimi bathuthukisa ingaphandle, banciphisa kancane ukuphakama kweBully Kutta (kufika ku-85 cm ekubuneni) nesisindo (kufika ku-65-95 kg): lokhu kusizile ukwengeza ijubane nokubekezela kuye.
Umhlobo lo udume ngokoma kwegazi, indawo kanye nobudlova. Akumangazi ukuthi abaphathi basePakistan babengamaqhawe amahle kakhulu futhi beqhubeka nokulwa nezinja, benqatshelwe, kepha nokho bebehlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya ePakistan naseNdiya.
Izinja zithembeke kakhulu kumnikazi, kepha ziyingozi ezinganeni futhi azizibekezeleli ezinye izinja eziseduze (imvamisa zibulala lezi zingxabano ezingqubuzana nensimu). I-Bully kutta, ithukuthele, inamandla futhi inkulu, ayifanele ukugcina edolobheni. Imvamisa zigcinwa ngaphandle kwedolobha, emagcekeni avaliwe futhi zinikezwa umsebenzi okhulayo womzimba.
ICaucasian Shepherd Dog
Iqhawe elingesabi, elenziwe lukhuni isimo sezulu esibuhlungu samagquma eCaucasus. Okhokho bezinja zaseCaucasus Shepherd Dogs babesakhonza abase-Asiriya, bevikela amakhaya abo nemihlambi yabo. Akuyona kuphela yasendulo endala (ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili), kepha cishe uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuphakama kuka-0.75 m, owesilisa unesisindo esingu-50-110 kg nokuningi. Ubukhulu obukhulu benja bunikezwa ngejazi elide, eliphindwe yibhantshi elijiyile (elondolozwa emakhazeni amakhulu).
Ukuzalela "abaseCaucasus" e-USSR kwaqala ngawo-1920. Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zazinamandla amangalisayo, ukuzethemba, isibindi, ukubona kahle nokuzwa okujulile, kanye noboya obungenakutholwa umswakama.
I-wolfhound isetshenziselwa ukwahlukanisa umhlaba ube "abangane" kanye "njengabafokazi", futhi futhi ngokulalela inkosi eyodwa ngaphandle kwemibandela. Inja engumalusi waseCaucasus isalokhu ingunogada ongenakuqhathaniswa: inesibindi, iqine futhi ayithembi abantu engabazi. Njengezinja eziningi ezelusayo, "uCaucasian" uqobo uthatha isinqumo lapho ehlasela insimu yakhe.
I-wolfhound, enokusolwa okungokwemvelo ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo, noma kunjalo iboleka kahle ekuqeqesheni, futhi idinga nokuzikhandla okungokomzimba nokujeziswa okuqinile. Namuhla, izinja ze-Caucasian Shepherd Dogs azigadi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zingena eringini ekulweni kwezinja.
UDogue de bordeaux
Bathi le nja ayilokothi ihlehle ezimpini. Futhi lokhu kubonakala kuyiqiniso: umuntu kufanele abheke kuphela ubuso bakhe obesabekayo obugoqiwe, obukhumbuza ubuso bomshayisibhakela osekhulile. Yebo, futhi la ma-molossians azalelwa izimpi ezibabazekayo (zombili nezihlobo zabo nezinye izilwane).
Kepha lawa maDanes Omkhulu ayazi ukuthi hhayi ukulwa kuphela - azingela, aqapha izindlu futhi ahudula imithwalo. Ababhusha bawafundise ukuqapha imfuyo nokuhambisa izidumbu ezazithuthelwe esitolo zisuka esilaheni. EMpini Yezwe I, ama-mastiffs asebenza njengabasizi ekuhleleni ababehambisa abalimele enkundleni yempi.
Manje iDogue de Bordeaux igcine imisebenzi emibili - umlindi nomvikeli, owesabekayo ngobuso obungemuva, obugcwaliswe ubukhulu obuhle. I-Mastiff yaseFrance ikhula ize icishe ibe ngu-0.7 m futhi isisindo sayo singama-50 kg (kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu).
Uhlobo luzoba yindawo futhi ngenxa yalokho luyingozi kunoma ngubani ongena ngaphandle kwemvume. Inja inganqeni ukuvikela isiza sayo, umnikazi nabathandekayo bayo, kodwa kuphela uma kunesizathu. Lezi ziqhwaga azinconyelwe imindeni enezingane ezincane, futhi zidinga nokukhuliswa okuhlosiwe.
I-American staffordshire terrier
Isihlobo se-Pit Bull Terrier. Izintambo ezimbili zokuzalela (i-Amstaff ne-Pit Bull Terrier) zahlukaniswa ngo-1936, kwasungulwa iStaffordshire Terrier njengohlobo oluhlukile. Ngaleso sikhathi, isilwane esisodwa sasinohlobo oluphindiwe futhi sabhaliswa emaqenjini amabili: esisodwa njenge-American Pit Bull Terrier, esinye njenge-Staffordshire Terrier. Ngo-1972, igama lanezelwa ngegama elithi "American".
Ukufana kwalezi zinja ukuthi ngisho nabanikazi be-APBT noma i-AST ngokwabo abakwazi ukulungisa umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuvamile, i-amstaff inkulu kakhulu, iyalingana, ibanzi futhi inokuthula kune-APBT. Kungenxa yekhwalithi yokugcina iStaffordshire Terrier engaphansi kakhulu kunesihlobo sayo ekulweni kwezinja. Kukholakala ukuthi kuwo wonke ama-pit bull terriers ayi-100 afuthelene munye kuphela amstaff okwazi ukulwa ngokuzethemba eringini.
Kepha abasebenzi banezinzuzo zabo - baqeqeshwe kahle uma nje bekhuthazeke kahle. Ukuphoqelela akukho embuzweni: kuholela ekubeni munyu. Abakwa-Amstaff banenkani, kodwa bayazwela, bayathandana, kepha abahlangani (bacasuke kalula). Uhlobo alunconyelwa abaqalayo futhi ludinga ukulingana ngenxa yesifiso sokubusa.
Bullmastiff
Umdabu waseBrithani enkulu, okhokho bakhe ababizwa ngokuthi ama-mastiffs (kusuka kubo uhlobo olutholwe amandla angenakonakala) kanye nama-bulldogs, amnikeza ukuklinywa.
Lezi yizinja ezinamandla ezinesiqu esiphakeme (63-68.5 cm) ezinobunzima obungu-50 kuya ku-59 kg. Baphimise imisipha nesifuba esibanzi, esifushane, ijazi elicwebezelayo. Ukubukeka okwesabekayo kuqiniswa yikhanda elisindayo elinesifihla sobuso esimnyama.
UBullmastiff wazalelwa "njengenja yokuzingela ebusuku", ebamba abazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Abafuyi baziswa izinja ezinkulu, ezibekezelayo, ezinesibindi nezithuleyo. Enye yezici ezihlakulelwe ubudlova. Abafuyi baqinisekisa ukuthi manje sekuqothulwa imidlwane enonya ikakhulukazi, futhi umsebenzi wokuzalisa uhlose ukuthola inja ehambisana nayo.
Abanikazi babonga izilwane zabo ezifuywayo ngekhono labo lokuzivumelanisa nejubane lempilo yomuntu: izinja zizilandela ngentshiseko ngenkathi zigijima noma zihamba ngokuzola epaki (uma umnikazi esekhulile). Yize kunjalo, onondindwa banamuhla basadingeka njengonogada - bawaqapha ngokuphelele amabhange, izindlu zokuhlala kanye namahhovisi.
IBoerboel
Omunye ongowokuzalwa e-Asiriya, okhokho bakhe abalwa ngezembatho zempi, namanje akaziwa yi-International Cynological Organisation. Abafuyi abaningi babiza i-Boerboel ngokuthi i-half-breed, i-tailless noma i-designer mastiff, iphika ilungelo lokuba wusizo.
Noma kungaba njani, amaBoerboel akuleli akhona futhi ayahlonishwa ngabalandeli bezinja ezilwayo. Lezi yizinja ezinamandla ezinjenge-mastiff, ezifinyelela ku-65-70 cm ekubuneni futhi zinesisindo esingama-60-90 kg.
Kuyathakazelisa! AmaBoerboels athembela kumzwelo wawo wemvelo futhi aqaphe isimo njalo, athathe izinqumo ezizimele ngomzuzwana. I-Coarseness ihlanganiswe ngokomzimba nokuqina, ukuguquguquka kanye nokusabela kombani, namandla - ngejubane eligijima kakhulu.
IBoerboel ithambekele ekubuseni futhi ingahle iphikisane nomnikazi wayo, ukuphela kwakhe onamandla angempela ngaye. Lezi zinja eziyinkimbinkimbi zidinga ukukhathala ngokomzimba kokubili ukugcina impilo nokusebenzisa amandla agciniwe.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukungezwani kubangela ulaka oluzenzekelayo, kokubili kubantu nakubantu ongabazi.
Uma ufuna ukuthola inja elwayo
Okokuqala, nquma ukuthi isilwane sakho sizohlanganyela yini ekulweni nenja. Uma impendulo inguyebo, lungela ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphawulekayo nomsebenzi onzima wokukhulisa iqhawe.
Inja yokulwa
Izinja zokulwa okungekho emthethweni (futhi eRussia ikakhulukazi ama-pit bull terriers) afuyelwa ezindlini ezikhethekile zabazali abazihlukanisa ngokulwa. Uzofika enkulisa enjalo ngokuncoma kuphela. Ngokushesha abathengi bathatha imidlwane embalwa (yabesifazane nabesilisa) ukuze bazale ngokuqhubekayo.
Baqala ukuqeqeshwa lapho inja inezinyanga eziyi-9-12 ubudala. Umnikazi ngamunye unemfihlo ephathelene nokuqeqesha inja yempi, ayigcina iyimfihlo. Imvamisa inqubo yokuqeqesha iqukethe:
- ukusebenza ngemishini yokuqeqesha amandla;
- ukusebenzisa umshini wokunyathelisa;
- ukuzivocavoca (inja ilenga ngamazinyo abambe isikhumba senkomo);
- amakhilomitha amaningi ama-run.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abanikazi abaningi bagxila kokudla okunempilo kwezemidlalo futhi ngokwabo bakha ukudla kwamaprotheni, ingxenye yawo, isibonelo, ubisi olune-calcium.
Ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi ukuhlanganyela esibhakeleni sezinja kungumsebenzi omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2013, umhlanganyeli ngamunye wakhokha ama-ruble ayi-1 000 ngokuqasha iringi, izinkulungwane ezimbili - kudokotela wezilwane kanye nejaji. Ingqikithi yama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ngokungena nje eringini.
Kepha umdlalo, njengoba besho, ulifanele ikhandlela. Okungenani abalandeli abangama-30-40 beza ukuzobuka le mpi, kanti isikhwama semiklomelo siqala kuma-ruble ayi-100,000. Izimoto namafulethi kusengozini njengokuhlukile okungajwayelekile.
Ngendlela, abahleli bezimpi zomshoshaphansi bathi inganekwane yokufa okuvamile kwezinja emazinyweni esitha ingumbhedo ophelele. Abanini noma abahluleli abasoze bakuvumela lokhu, ngoba bathanda izilwane zabo ezifuywayo kakhulu.
Inja yasekhaya
Inja enjalo kufanele ihlanganyele kusenesikhathi futhi ngekhono, iqeqeshe okungenani ihora elilodwa nengxenye nsuku zonke.
Kunconywa ukuthi ukulwa nezinhlobo ukuthatha inkambo yokuqeqeshwa emkhakheni wezokuvikela (ZKS), lapho umqeqeshi ezohlola isimo sengqondo sesilwane nezinga lokuthokoza kwaso ngesikhathi sokuvikelwa. Kukholakala ukuthi unogada onomsila kufanele aphuthume emthonjeni wobungozi, ame lapho kumemeza umnikazi kuqala.
Uma uqeqesha inja ngokwakho, kwenze endaweni evulekile (okungcono uma kungekho abantu nezinye izinja). Ukuhlonipha isilwane sakho kusho ubunzima, kepha hhayi unya, futhi ikakhulukazi, hhayi ukujeziswa ngokomzimba.... Inja ivuzwa njalo ngokulandela umyalo.
Kunemithetho engaguquki yokuhamba izinja ezilwayo:
- uhamba nge-leash emfushane futhi esifubeni kuvunyelwe;
- ukuze ungavusi impi, unganiki ithoyizi lenja yakho inja yomunye umuntu;
- uma kuvele ukungqubuzana, isilwane siyiswa eceleni, sithathwa yi-leash (inja ethukuthele ayishaywa noma yelashwe: ingaluma);
- ezingxabanweni, isilwane naso sihudulwa ngumzimba ongezansi nomsila.
Okubalulekile! Izinja ezilwayo, njengezinye, zidinga ukuphumula okukhulu ngokomzimba (ukukhulula ukungezwani kwangaphakathi). Ukugxuma, ukugijima nokudlala ukulanda kuyimithwalo elula kakhulu. Lezi zinja ezinamandla zidinga imidlalo efana nokushesha, ukudonsa isisindo, ibhayisikili nokushushuluza eqhweni.
Ungakhohlwa futhi ukwenza ukuthi amahanisi wezinja asinde ukuze unikeze ukukhululeka okuhle emisipheni futhi wenze ukuqeqeshwa kuphumelele ngokwengeziwe. Ukuhamba okude okungamakhilomitha ama-5, okungcono kabili ngosuku, nakho kuyasiza ekunciphiseni ukungezwani.
Ukuduma kwezinja ezilwayo
Idumela elibi lokulwa nezinhlobo zokulwa lavela ngenxa yabanikazi abanganaki ababengazi ukuthi bangafuni ukukhulisa kanjani imilenze yabo abane.
Izazi zamaCynologists ziyaqiniseka ukuthi konke ukuhlaselwa (kubantu ongabazi nakubanikazi ngokwabo) kubangelwa ukuntuleka noma ukungasebenzi ngokuphelele komzimba. Amandla, angakatholi ndlela yokuphuma, athululela ekusebenzeni kwenja futhi aqhubekele ekuhlaselweni okungashukumisi.
Futhi kuhle uma ifenisha nezinto ziba yinto yokukhipha ulaka.... Kuyadabukisa kakhulu ukufunda amanothi avela ngezikhathi ezithile ngabantu abalunywe futhi badwengulwa baba yizicucu.
Kunesiphetho esisodwa kuphela: uma kungekho sifiso, ulwazi, isikhathi kanye nohlamvu lokukhulisa inja elwayo, ungathathi lo msebenzi onzima futhi obhekele ngokweqile. Thenga umdlwane olula njenge-toy terrier.
