Uma kufanele kukholwe imithombo ebalulekile, impilo ende yenyoka ihaba kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukubala ukuthi zingaki izinyoka ezihlala kuphela kuma-serpentariums nakuma-zoo, futhi iminyaka yokuphila kwezihuquzelayo zamahhala, ngokomthetho, ayinakubalwa.
Izinyoka ziphila iminyaka emingaki
Lapho sekuhlolisiswa, imininingwane ngezinyoka esewele umugqa wekhulu leminyaka (futhi ngisho nekhulu leminyaka) kugcina sekuyinto yokuqagela nje.
Eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule, ngo-2012, kwaxoxwa noDmitry Borisovich Vasilyev, uDokotela Wezilwane Zezilwane, i-herpetologist ehamba phambili eMoscow Zoo. Unemisebenzi yesayensi engaphezulu kwama-70 kanye namakhophi okuqala asemakhayeni asemakhaya okunakekelwa, ukugula nokwelashwa kwezinto ezihuquzelayo, kufaka phakathi izinyoka. UVasiliev wanikezwa umklomelo ohlonishwa kakhulu wezilwane eRussia, iGolden Scalpel, amahlandla amathathu.
Usosayensi unentshisekelo ezinyokeni, obefunda iminyaka eminingi. Ubabiza ngokuthi izisulu ezihamba phambili zabadobi bezinambuzane (ngenxa yezinambuzane eziningi ezihlupha izinyoka), kanye nephupho likadokotela ohlinzayo kanye nephupho elibi le-anesthesiologist (izinyoka zinzima ukuphuma kwi-anesthesia). Kepha kungcono ukuqhuba ucwaningo lwe-ultrasound ngenyoka kuphela, izitho zayo ezitholakala zibambene, futhi kunzima kakhulu kufudu.
UVasiliev uthi izinyoka zigula kaningi kunezinye ezihuquzelayo, futhi lokhu kuchazwa neqiniso lokuthi eyokuqala imvamisa iwela ekuthunjweni emvelweni kakade nesixuku sezifo ezincelisayo. Isibonelo, izilo zezinambuzane ezisemafwini zimpofu kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuvamile, ngokusho kokubheka isikhathi eside kudokotela wezilwane, uhlu lwezifo ezinyokeni lukhulu kakhulu kunezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo: kunezifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane, izifo eziningi ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle komzimba, ne-oncology itholakala izikhathi eziyikhulu kaningi.
Ngokumelene nesizinda sale mininingwane, kuyaxaka ukukhuluma ngempilo ende yezinyoka, kepha kukhona nezibalo ezihlukile ezikhuthazayo kwi-Zoo yaseMoscow, okufanele ishiwo ngokukhethekile.
Abaphathi bamarekhodi eMoscow Zoo
UVasiliev uyaziqhenya ngokuqoqwa kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezaqoqwa futhi zafuywa lapha ngokuhlanganyela kwakhe ngqo (izinhlobo ezingama-240), ebiza lokhu njengempumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu.
E-terrarium yenhlokodolobha, akuqoqwa izinyoka eziningi ezinobuthi kuphela: phakathi kwazo kunezibonelo ezingavamile ezingekho kwamanye ama-zoo emhlabeni... Izinhlobo eziningi zazalelwa okokuqala ngqa. Ngokusho kukasosayensi, ukwazile ukuthola izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-12 zemfezi ngisho nesibazi esinamakhanda abomvu, isilwane esihuquzelayo esingazange sikhiqize inzalo ekuthunjweni phambilini. Lesi sidalwa esihle esinoshevu sidla izinyoka kuphela, siphuma siyozingela ebusuku.
Kuyathakazelisa! U-Ludwig Trutnau, owaziwa nge-herpetologist wase-Germany, wamangala lapho ebona isibaya eMoscow Zoo (inyoka yakhe yaphila iminyaka eyi-1.5 futhi wayithatha njengenkathi ehlaba umxhwele). Lapha, kusho uVasiliev, ama-kraits ahlala futhi azala kabusha kusukela ngo-1998.
Kwaphela iminyaka eyishumi, izinhlwathi ezimnyama zazihlala e-Zoo yaseMoscow, nakuba zingazange "zilinde" kunoma iyiphi i-zoo isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka nesigamu. Ukwenza lokhu, uVasiliev kwadingeka enze umsebenzi omningi wokulungiselela, ikakhulukazi, ukuya eNew Guinea futhi aphile inyanga phakathi kwabantu basePapuans, efunda imikhuba yezimpungushe ezimnyama.
Le nhlobo eyinkimbinkimbi, ecishe ibe yisihlahla futhi eyedwa ihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ngemuva kokubanjwa, uyagula isikhathi eside futhi akazivumelanisi kahle nokuthuthela edolobheni. UVasiliev unikele ngengxenye yonke ye-Ph.D. Yakhe ku-python omnyama, ephenya ukwakheka okunothe kakhulu kwezilwane zayo eziyizinambuzane. Kuphela ngemuva kokukhonjwa kwazo zonke izimuncagazi ngamagama nokukhethwa kwemithi yokwelashwa lapho ama-pythoni agxila ezimweni ze-zoo yaseMoscow.
Izinyoka ezinde
Ngokwe-World Wide Web, inyoka endala kunazo zonke emhlabeni kwakuyi-boa constrictor ejwayelekile egama linguPopeia, owaqeda uhambo lwakhe emhlabeni eneminyaka engama-40 ubudala izinyanga ezintathu nezinsuku eziyi-14. Isibindi eside sadlula ngo-Ephreli 15, 1977 ePhiladelphia Zoo (ePennsylvania, e-USA).
Enye i-aksakal yombuso wezinyoka, i-python ebhalwe kabusha evela ePittsburgh Zoo, owashona eneminyaka engama-32 ubudala, waphila iminyaka engu-8 ngaphansi kukaPapaya. E-zoo yaseWashington, bakhulisa isibindi sabo eside, inhlwathi, eyahlala iminyaka engama-28. Futhi ngo-1958, kwavela imininingwane ngemfezi eyayihlale iminyaka engu-24 ekuthunjweni.
Ekhuluma ngemigomo ejwayelekile yokuphila isikhathi eside kwezinyoka, izazi ze-herpetologists zigcizelela ukuthi akubangelwa uhlobo lohlobo lwezirhubuluzi kangako ngenxa yobukhulu baso. Ngakho-ke, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinkulu, kufaka phakathi ama-python, zihlala ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka engama-25-30, kanti ezincane, njengezinyoka, sezivele ziyisigamu salokho. Kepha ubude bokuphila obunjalo, noma kunjalo, abuyona inqwaba, kepha benzeka ngesimo sokuhlukile.
Ukuba khona endle kugcwele izingozi eziningi: izinhlekelele zemvelo, izifo kanye nezitha (ama-hedgehogs, ama-caimans, izinyoni ezidla inyama, izingulube zasendle, ama-mongooses nokuningi). Enye into yiziqiwi namapaki, lapho izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zigadwa futhi zibhekelwa khona, zinikeza ukudla nezinsizakalo zezokwelapha, kwakha isimo sezulu esifanele futhi sizivikele ezitheni zemvelo.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zenza kahle ezindaweni ezingasese, uma abanikazi bazo bekwazi ukuphatha izinyoka.
Kungani izinyoka zingaphili isikhathi eside
Kunezifundo eziningi ezenziwayo ezenziwe, noma kunjalo, eminyakeni yama-70s yekhulu elidlule, lapho kubhalwe khona isikhathi esifushane kakhulu sezinyoka ezinkulisa ezinhle kakhulu zomhlaba.
Isazi sezinambuzane saseSoviet uFyodor Talyzin (owafunda, ikakhulukazi, izici zobuhlungu benyoka), wathi ngisho nangekhheji evulekile, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zazingavamile ukuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha. Usosayensi wayekholelwa ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokuphila kwakuwukukhetha ubuthi: izinyoka ezingazange zenze le nqubo zaphila isikhathi eside.
Ngakho-ke, enkulisa yaseButantan (Sao Paulo), ama-rattlesnakes ahlala izinyanga ezintathu kuphela, nase-serpentarium yasePhilippines Islands (eyilabhoratri yama-serum kanye nemigomo) - ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezinhlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abavela eqenjini lokulawula baphila izinsuku eziyi-149, okwakungathathwa kubo ubuthi nhlobo.
Sekukonke, ama-cobra angama-2075 ayebandakanyekile ekuhlolweni, nakwamanye amaqembu (anezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhethwa kobuhlungu), izibalo bezihlukile:
- kweyokuqala, lapho ubuthi buthathwe khona kanye ngesonto - izinsuku ezingama-48;
- kwesesibili, lapho bethathe khona njalo emavikini amabili - izinsuku ezingama-70;
- kwesithathu, lapho bethathe khona njalo emavikini amathathu - izinsuku ezingama-89.
Umbhali wesifundo sakwamanye amazwe (njengoTalyzin) wayeqinisekile ukuthi izimfezi zashona ngenxa yengcindezi eyabangelwa isenzo samandla kagesi. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwacaca ukuthi izinyoka zasendaweni yokugcina izinyoka ePhilippines zazingafi ngenxa yokwesaba njengokufa nendlala nezifo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kuze kube maphakathi neminyaka yama-70s, izinkulisa zakwamanye amazwe bezingenandaba nokuhlolwa, futhi azenzelwanga ukugcinwa kwazo, kepha zenzelwe ukuthola ubuthi. Ama-Serpentarios ayefana namathangi okugcina: kwakukhona izinyoka eziningi ezindaweni ezishisayo, nobuthi kumalebhu athululelwa emfuleni.
Ku-1963 kuphela eBhutantan (inyoka endala kunazo zonke emhlabeni) lapho kwakukhona amakamelo wesimo sezulu okwenziwe ngezinyoka ezinobuthi.
Ososayensi basekhaya baqoqe idatha mayelana nesikhathi sokuphila ekuthunjweni kukaGyurza, Shitomordnik no-Efy (esikhathini sika-1961-1966). Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisile - lapho bephuza kakhulu ubuthi, izinyoka zihlala isikhathi eside..
Kwavela ukuthi ezincane (kufika ku-500 mm) nezinkulu (ezingaphezu kuka-1400 mm) azikubekezeleli ukuthunjwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-gyurza yayihlala ekuthunjweni izinyanga eziyi-8.8, kanti ubude bempilo baboniswa izinyoka ezilinganisa u-1100-1400 mm, ezazichazwa ngamafutha amakhulu lapho zingena enkulisa.
Okubalulekile! Isiphetho esifinyelelwe ososayensi: isikhathi sokuphila senyoka enkulisa sinqunywa yimibandela yokugcina, ubulili, usayizi nezinga lokukhuluphala kwesirhubuluzi.
USandy Efa. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila esiphakathi nendawo esasiyinyoka sasiyizinyanga eziyi-6.5, kanti ngaphezulu kwezi-10% zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zasinda unyaka. Ukuhlala isikhathi eside emhlabeni bekuyimigodi engu-f-40-60 cm ubude, kanye nabesifazane.
