Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezi-2 ze-desman: iRussia nePyrenean. I-desman yaseRussia ngezindlela eziningi isilwane esiyingqayizivele ebesisebenza kahle eMhlabeni iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30. I-desman yethu inkulu kakhulu kunePyrenean.
Kulokhu, sizogxila ku-desman waseRussia. Njengakuqala, nangesikhathi sethu, ukuvela kwalesi silwane esiyimfihlo, esifana negundane futhi esingesihlobo semvukuzane, akukashintshi kakhulu ngenxa yekhono laso elimangalisayo lokwakha izimbobo ezijulile.
Incazelo kaDesman
Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa i-desman ikhala elide elifana nesiqu, imilenze enolwelwesi phakathi kwezinzwani, umsila onamandla, embozwe ngezikali ezinzima, esisetshenziswa yisilwane njengephini lokuqondisa. Umzimba we-Russian desman (hohuli) uhlanjululwe futhi kubonakala sengathi wenzelwe impilo esebenzayo emhlabeni nasemanzini, isisu sesilwane simhlophe njengesiliva, emuva kumnyama.
Lo mbala wesilwane uwenza ungabonakali endaweni yasemanzini.... Ijazi likhulu kakhulu futhi alinamanzi, ngoba isilwane sihlale siyigcoba nge-musk, ekhiqizwa ngosizo lwezindlala ezikhethekile. Uma umbala we-desman uyivumela ukuthi ifihlwe, khona-ke iphunga elinamandla livame ukukunika.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umbono ka-desman ubuthakathaka kakhulu, kepha awubambi ndima ebalulekile endleleni yabo yokuphila, ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kushoda kucishe kunxephezele ngokuphelele iphunga elibi kakhulu.
Ukuzwa kulesi silwane nakho kuthuthukiswe kakhulu, kepha kusenezici ezithile. Angase angayizwa imisindo ephezulu kakhulu, njengabantu abakhulumayo, kepha uphendula khona manjalo kuma-rustles amancane, amagatsha aqhephukayo noma amanzi atshazayo. Ososayensi bachaza lesi sici ngezimo zokuphila.
Ukubukeka
Lesi yisilwane esincane impela, ubude bomzimba womuntu osekhulile waseRussia cishe ngamasentimitha angama-20. Ngaphandle komsila, ubude baso bulinganiselwe, buhlanganiswe izikali ezinama-horny nezinwele ezilukhuni. Kuvela ukuthi ubude obuphelele bufinyelela cishe ku-40 cm.
Isisindo sesilwane cishe ngama-gramu angama-500. I-desman inekhala elikhulu elihambayo, lapho kutholakala khona amadevu azwelayo kakhulu - leli ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu esilwaneni. Amehlo mancane, afana nobuhlalu obumnyama, obuzungezwe indawo yesikhumba esikhanyayo engagcwele izinwele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imilenze yangemuva neyangaphambili imifushane kakhulu, kanti imilenze yangemuva imilenze yonyawo futhi izinzwane zixhunywe ngokhuni, okwenza ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuhambisa ngaphansi kwamanzi. Uzipho olubukhali kakhulu lwenza kube lula ukumba izimbobo ezijulile lapho lezi zilwane zihlala khona.
Indlela Yokuphila
Lezi zilwane zihola impilo yasemanzini yasemhlabeni... I-desman yaseRussia ikhetha izindawo ezizohlala eceleni kwendlela ethulile yemifula, amachibi kanye namachibi. Bamba izimbobo - futhi lezi yizakhiwo zobunjiniyela zangempela eziyi-10 m noma ngaphezulu, ezinezindlela eziningi namagatsha.
Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi owesile akwazi ukugcina ukudla abakudlayo ngezikhathi zendlala, acashe ezitheni, azulazule efuna ukudla. Le mihubhe mihle kakhulu ebusika: ifudumele impela futhi kunethuba lokuthola inyamazane. Ogwini lwamachibi ungathola wonke amanethiwekhi wemigudu engaphansi komhlaba, iminyango efihlwe ngaphansi kwekholamu lamanzi.
Ngenkathi eshisayo, lapho izinga lamanzi lehla ngokuphawulekayo, isilwane sijula imigodi engaphansi komhlaba, siphinde siwathathe ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola izindawo zokuhlala ezinjalo, ngoba ziyizilwane eziqaphele kakhulu.
Izingozi eziningi, abazingeli kanye nezilwane ezifundisayo ziye zafundisa lezi zilwane ukuba ziphile ngendlela eyimfihlo. Iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-30, u-desman ufunde ukufihla kahle ngaphandle komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, izindawo abahlala kuzo zivame ukukhipha izinsalela zokudla abakushiya eduze kwemigodi yabo. Yilokhu izidlozi ezisizakala ngakho.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani u-desman
Ezimweni zemvelo, lezi yizilwane ezisengozini kakhulu, impilo yazo ithonywe izinto eziningi ezinolaka: ukuguquguquka kwezinga lamanzi emadamini, izidalwa nabantu. Ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, abahlali endaweni yabo yemvelo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3-4.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezimweni ezinhle zezindawo zokulondolozwa kwezilwane zasendle noma ama-zoo, lapho i-desman ingaphazamisi futhi ingasabisi, ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5-6.
Isikhathi esifushane sokuphila, ukuba sengozini kwezinto zemvelo nokuzala okuphansi ngezindlela eziningi okwenza lolu hlobo lunyamalale. Kunzima ikakhulukazi kumawundlu angama-desman, njengoba ebonakala engenakusiza futhi noma isiphi isigameko singaphazamisa izimpilo zabo. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuqala kwentuthuko, inzalo ye-desman idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Indawo, ukusatshalaliswa
I-desman yaseRussia isakazeke enkabeni yeRussia... Izindawo zabo eziyinhloko zihlala emifuleni enemifudlana ebuthakathaka noma eduze kwamanzi amile. Kuhle kakhulu uma amabhange ezinqolobane ezinjalo embozwe uhlaza oluminyene, futhi inhlabathi iqukethe ikakhulukazi amatshe esihlabathi kanye ne-loams. Lezi yizimo ezifanele kakhulu i-desman yaseRussia.
Kuyathakazelisa! Bavame ukuhlala ndawonye nama-beavers futhi babelane ngokuthula nabo izindawo zokuhlala, ngoba akuzona izinhlobo zokuncintisana, futhi njengomthombo wokudla, ama-beavers awanandaba nawo.
Phambilini, lezi zilwane zazivame ukutholakala emahlathini aseMpumalanga nasengxenyeni yeNtshonalanga Yurophu, manje sezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa futhi zithathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke.
Ukudla, ukudla kokokhuli
Ngenkathi efudumele, kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba, ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-desman kwakhiwa izinambuzane ezincane, izibungu kanye nama-crustaceans, okungajwayeleki izimbungulu nezitshalo zemashi. Njengoba lezi zilwane zingalali ebusika, aziqongeleli izitolo ezinamafutha. Ebusika, isimo ngokudla kwama-hohuli sinzima kakhulu.
Njengokudla, bangabamba isele elifihla ubusika, inhlanzi encane, nayo eba isisulu esilula ngalesi sikhathi, kanye nezimfudu zomfula. Isifiso salezi zilwane sihle kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi isisindo sokudla okudliwayo silingana nesisindo sesilwane uqobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zihamba kakhulu futhi zine-metabolism esheshayo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Inzalo kaDesman ivame ukulethwa entwasahlobo nasekupheleni kwekwindla. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe isigamu senyanga, bese kufika ama-5 cubs, azimele ngokuphelele futhi anesisindo esingu-2-3 gram kuphela ngamunye - lokhu kungaphansi izikhathi ezingama-250 kunomuntu omdala.
Esigabeni sokuqala, bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni nasekudleni kwabo. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaba yisithupha, amawundlu azimela futhi ashiya abazali bawo. Lapho befika ezinyangeni eziyi-11-12, abantu ngabanye baba nokuzala. Akuwona wonke umuntu osinda kulesi sigaba, ingxenye yenzalo iyabhubha nakanjani.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imidlalo yokukhwelana yezilwane ezibonakala zithule ihambisana nemisindo ephezulu eyenziwe ngabesilisa nezingoma ezimnandi zabesifazane. Kunezimpi ezishubile phakathi kwabesilisa kwabesifazane, okunzima ukulindela kulezi zilwane ezincane.
Izitha zemvelo
UDesman uyisilwane esisengozini kakhulu, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi kubhalwe kuRed Book... Unezitha eziningi zemvelo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi indoda: abazingeli abazingeli ngokungemthetho kanye isici anthropogenic. Izimpungushe, izinja ze-raccoon nezinyoni ezidla inyama nazo ziyingozi enkulu. Ngesikhathi sokugcwala kwemifula entwasahlobo, lezi zilwane zibhekana nenye ingozi evela ezinhlanzini ezinkulu ezidlayo: i-catfish, i-pike ne-pike perch.
Ngalesi sikhathi, balambile ikakhulukazi. Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi ama-desman burrows agcwale amanzi futhi awanaso isikhathi sokuphunyuka, amaningi awo ayafa. Mhlawumbe okuwukuphela komakhelwane balezi zilwane, okungekho bungozi kuzo, ngama-beaver.
Usayizi wabantu, ukuvikelwa kwezilwane
Ngekhulu le-19, u-desman wabulawa kakhulu ngenxa yesikhumba kanye noketshezi olunemisipha, olwalusetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni amakha ukuqinisa iphunga. Izenzo ezinjalo ziholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwabantu babo. Njengamanje, alaziwa inani eliqondile lalezi zilwane, ngoba i-hohula ihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo futhi kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuhlangana nayo emhlabeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuya ngokulinganisela kochwepheshe, inani labantu base-desman namuhla cishe bangabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-30. Leli akulona inani elibucayi, kepha nokho le nombolo isivele ingumkhawulo.
Inani lezilwane lithinteka kabi ngokungcoliswa nokukhishwa kwemizimba yamanzi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi emifula ekhula emathafeni ezikhukhula, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu namadamu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokuvikela amanzi kanye namanetha okudoba ahlukanisiwe, okuvame ukuthola i-desman.
Ukuze kulungiswe lesi simo, i-desman yaseRussia (hochula) yafakwa ohlwini lwezilwane ezisuka eRed Book yaseRussia ezinesimo sezinhlobo eziyivelakancane zezinsalela, esehla ngamanani. Manje kukhona izinqolobane ezine kanye nezinqolobane ezingaba ngu-80, lapho lesi silwane singaphansi kweso lososayensi.
Kuthathwa izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuvikela nokuvikela lezi zilwane nokubuyisa izinombolo zazo... Ngo-2000, kwenziwa iphrojekthi ekhethekile ebizwa nge- “Let Save the Russian Desman”, ehlola inani le-desman futhi ithuthukise izindlela zokongiwa kwayo.
