Impungushe ebomvu noma impungushe ebomvu (i-Vulres vulres) isilwane esincelisayo esidlayo somndeni we-canid. Njengamanje, impungushe ejwayelekile yizinhlobo ezisakazeke kakhulu nezinkulu kunazo zonke zohlobo lwe-fox.
Incazelo yempungushe ejwayelekile
Impungushe ebomvu iyisilwane esidla izilwane esidlangile ezweni lethu, esingaphansi kwesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo nomndeni we-canid... Isilwane esinjalo sibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho njengesilwane soboya esibalulekile, kanye nomlawuli wenombolo yezinambuzane namagundane. Ngokubukeka, impungushe yisilwane sasendle esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo nesifonyo esihlanganisiwe, umzimba onomusa kakhulu nezidladla eziphansi, ezinomzimba omncane.
Ukubukeka
Umbala nosayizi wempungushe kunomehluko obonakalayo kuye ngendawo yokuhlala. Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho, isilwane esincelisayo esinama-mammalian sinosayizi omkhulu womzimba nombala okhanyayo wejazi, futhi eningizimu, abantu abanemibala emincane nabamnyama bavame kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kanye nasezintabeni, ukutholakala kwezinhlobo ezimnyama nsundu nezinye izinhlobo zombala we-fox kuvame ukubonwa.
Kodwa-ke, umbala ovame kakhulu unemhlane obomvu ngokugqamile, isisu esimhlophe nezidladla ezimnyama. Imvamisa, impungushe ebomvu inemivimbo ensundu etholakala ogangeni nasendaweni yamahlombe, efana nesiphambano ngokubukeka. Ubude bomzimba wesidalwa esidala buhluka phakathi kuka-60-90 cm, kanti ubude bomsila bungu-40-60 cm ngobude behlombe obungu-35-40 cm.Isisindo esejwayelekile sempungushe evuthiwe ngokobulili ingaba phakathi kuka-6.0 kuye ku-10.0 kg.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izici ezijwayelekile ezihlukanisayo zempungushe ejwayelekile, kungakhathalekile umbala oyinhloko, ukuba khona kwezindlebe ezinombala omnyama kanye nethiphu elimhlophe kakhulu emsila.
Izinhlobo zempungushe
Njengamanje, kukhona cishe ama-subspecies angamashumi amane noma ayisihlanu we-fox ebomvu, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zalesi sidalwa esincelisayo. Cishe izinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu zihlala endaweni yamazwe aseYurophu, futhi cishe izinhlobo ezingamashumi amathathu eziyinhloko ziyaziwa kulo lonke uhla lwemvelo.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nomlingiswa
Isakhiwo esisodwa esihlala ngababili abavuthiwe ngokobulili noma umndeni wezimpungushe asiniki izidlo kuphela isisekelo sokudla esanele, kodwa futhi kufanelekile ukuhlela imingxunya lesi silwane esimba yodwa. Kaningi, izimpungushe zisebenzisa imisele engenalutho eshiywe yizimbila, izimbila, izimpungushe ze-arctic nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezigobayo.
Kukhona amacala aziwayo lapho impungushe yazivumelanisa nezidingo zayo umgodi ohlukile wesinye isilwane sasendle, ngakho-ke, yahlala emgodini ngasikhathi sinye nesilwane esifana nesimbila.
Imvamisa, impungushe ihlala emithambekeni yomhosha noma phakathi kwamagquma, amelwe inhlabathi enesihlabathi, evikelwe ethekwini yimvula, umhlaba noma amanzi ancibilikayo.... Kunoma ikuphi, umgodi wesilwane esinjalo unemigodi eminingana yokungena ngasikhathi sinye, kanye nemigudu emide negumbi lokufaka izidleke elilula. Kokunye, izimpungushe zisebenzisa izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo ukuze ziphile ziyimihume emikhulu nemifantu enamadwala noma imigodi esihlahleni esiwugqinsi esiwile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengomthetho, izimpungushe zisebenzisa indawo yokuhlala unomphela kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa nokukhulisa amawundlu, kanti sonke isikhathi umhlaseli unelisekile ngokuphumula emgodini ovulekile, ohlotshiswe ngotshani noma eqhweni.
Impungushe ejwayelekile, ehamba esimweni esizolile, ihamba ngomugqa oqondile, ngakho-ke, ishiya uchungechunge lwamathrekhi acacile futhi abonakala kahle. Isilwane esesabekayo sibonakala ngokugijima okusheshayo okunomzimba ophansi nomsila onwetshiwe ngokuphelele. Umbono wesilwane esidliwayo ulungiswa kahle ngesikhathi esimnyama sosuku, lapho isilwane sisebenza kakhulu.
Kanye nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, impungushe iphendula ngejubane lombani kunoma yikuphi ukunyakaza, kepha ayiyazi kahle imibala, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zasemini.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ezimweni zokuthunjwa, ubude besikhathi sokuphila sempungushe ejwayelekile bufinyelela ikota yekhulu leminyaka, futhi isilwane esidla inyama sasendle esihlala ezimweni zemvelo singaphila iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi.
Indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala
Impungushe ejwayelekile ihlala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zezwe lethu, ngaphandle kwetundra esenyakatho nezingxenye eziyisiqhingi zePolar Basin, lapho impungushe yase-Arctic ihlala ngobuningi... Umzingeli onjalo osakazeke kahle uvumelane kahle nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlala, ngakho-ke itholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba, i-taiga ne-tundra, kanye nasezindaweni ezisemathafeni nasehlane. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe ihlala kuphi, impungushe ithanda izindawo ezivulekile noma ezivulekile.
Ensimini ye-tundra nehlathi-tundra, isilwane esincelisayo esinamathelayo sinamathela emahlathini, atholakala ezigodini zemifula nasemachibini aseduze. Indawo enhle kakhulu, elungele impungushe, imelwe yizifunda ezisenkabeni neziseningizimu zezwe lethu, lapho izindawo ezincane zamahlathi zigcwele imihosha nemifula, izimfunda noma amasimu amaningi.
Uma esikhathini sekwindla nobusika isilwane sichitha isikhathi esiningi ezindaweni ezivulekile, lapho kuqala intwasahlobo nehlobo, esigabeni sokukhiqiza okusebenzayo, umhlaseli udlulela ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu.
Ukudla okuvamile kwe-fox
Yize beyisigaba sohlobo oluthile lwezilwane ezidla ezinye, ukudla kwe-fox kuhluke kakhulu. Isisekelo sokudla kwalesi silwane simelwe yizinhlobo ezingamakhulu amane zezilwane, kanye nezinhlobo eziningana zezitshalo zezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, cishe yonke indawo lapho ukudla kwesilwane esincelisayo kuhlanganisa namagundane amancane. Ngokuqala kwesikhathi sasebusika, impungushe izingela kakhulu ama-voles.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imuffling iyindlela yokuzingela impungushe ejwayelekile, lapho isilwane, esizwile ukuthi ikhava yegundane ngaphansi kweqhwa, icwila ngaphansi kweqhwa ngokugxuma okusheshayo, ibuye isakaze ngezidladla zayo, okwenza kube lula ukubamba inyamazane.
Esikhundleni sezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu, kufaka phakathi ama-hares namazinyane ezinyamazane, kanye nezinyoni namachwane azo, kudlala indima encane ekudleni kwesilwane. Abantu abahlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nezingagwadule bazingela izilwane ezihuquzelayo, kanti izidlakela zaseCanada nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Eurasia, ezihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini, zisebenzisa isalmon efile ngemuva kokudlela ukudla kwazo. Ehlobo, impungushe idla inani elikhulu lamabhungane nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinambuzane, kanye nezibungu zazo. Esikhathini esikhulukazi sokulamba, isilwane esincelisayo esikwaziyo ukudla sikwazi ukudla inyama eqoqiwe. Ukudla kwemifino kuvezwa izithelo, izithelo namajikijolo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi futhi kube nezingxenye zemifino.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukuqala kwesikhathi sokuzala impungushe ejwayelekile kuwela phakathi noma ekupheleni kobusika, lapho owesifazane oyedwa ekwazi ukuphishekela ngasikhathi sinye abesilisa abahlanu noma abayisithupha beshaya balwa bodwa. Ukulungiselela ukuzalwa kwezinsikazi, insikazi ihlanza kahle umgodi, futhi ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezimpungushe, umama cishe uyayeka ukushiya ikhaya lakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uyazingela, eshiya inyamazane yakhe emnyango wokungena emgodini.
Kudoti, njengomthetho, kunezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha, eziyimpumputhe nezinama-auricles avaliwe, imizimba yazo embozwe ukufiphala kwezingane okufushane kombala onsundu. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, amawundlu anencazelo emhlophe yomsila. Ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwezimpungushe kushesha ngokwanele. Lapho zinamasonto amabili noma amathathu ubudala, izingane sezivele zivula izindlebe namehlo, ziphinde ziqhume ngamazinyo, ngakho-ke kancane kancane ziqala ukukhasa emgodini zizame ukudla "kwabantu abadala".
Kuyathakazelisa!Inzalo ekhulayo ngalesi sikhathi yondliwa ngabazali bobabili.
Ukuncelisa ubisi kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga nengxenye, ngemuva kwalokho amawundlu aqala ukufunda kancane kancane ukuzingela ngokuzimela. Njengomthetho, izimpungushe azingeni ebudaleni ngaphambi kokuqala kwekwindla. Njengoba umkhuba wokubuka ukhombisa, abanye besifazane abasebasha baqala ukuzala ngonyaka olandelayo, kepha ezimweni eziningi bavuthwa ngokuphelele kuphela lapho benonyaka owodwa nohhafu kuya eminyakeni emibili. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi esikhathini esingangonyaka noma emibili kamuva.
Izitha zemvelo
Ukuba khona nohlobo lwezitha zezimpungushe kuncike ngqo endaweni yokuhlala... Izitha ezisobala ezizingela ngqo impungushe zifaka phakathi izidlakela eziphakeme ngosayizi namandla. Izilwane ezinjalo ezizingelayo zimelwe yizimpisi, amabhere, i-lynx nama-wolverine, kanye nezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama, kufaka phakathi ukhozi, ukhozi olugolide, uklebe noheshe. Ama-steppe ferrets, ama-badger nama-ermine nawo angaba yingozi ku-fox.
Ukufuywa kwempungushe
I-fox ejwayelekile ifuywe ngempumelelo futhi ivame ukugcinwa ekuthunjweni njengesilwane sokuqala nesingathobekile. Naphezu kokuzalwa kwesigaba semayini, uhlobo lwezimpungushe ezifuywayo lunezici eziningi zokuziphatha ezifanayo namakati. Isibonelo, izimpungushe ziyadlala kakhulu, futhi zifunda kalula ukuzikhulula ebhokisini lodoti okhethekile.
Impungushe inentando enhle yemfundo noqeqesho oluyisisekelo. Isilwane esinjalo ngokushesha sijwayela ukuhamba ngentambo noma ngehhanisi. Imvamisa, ukudla okujwayelekile kwe-fox yasekhaya kufaka ukudla okusezingeni eliphakeme ekuqaleni okwenzelwe izinja ezifuywayo. Kepha ukudla okunjalo kufanele kufakwe nezithelo, imifino, amakhambi kanye namajikijolo.
Okubalulekile! Ezimweni zekhaya lempungushe evamile, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kunikezwe ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezivivinyweni zokuvimbela kanye nombuso wokugoma.
Inani loboya be-fox
Ukuncibilika esilwaneni kuqala cishe ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi, futhi kuphetha kusondele maphakathi nesikhathi sehlobo... Masinyane ngemuva kokuncibilika, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi uboya basebusika buqala ukukhula ngamandla ku-fox ejwayelekile, eyakhiwa ngokuphelele ngoNovemba noma ngoDisemba. Uma uboya basehlobo bukhonjiswa ngokuhleleka okungavamile kwezinwele ezimfishane, khona-ke uboya basebusika buyaqina futhi buqhakaze ngokwengeziwe. Ngokuya ngohlobo lombala woboya, izinhlobo ezilandelayo ziyahlukaniswa:
- impungushe ebomvu ejwayelekile;
- impungushe ejwayelekile sivodushka;
- impungushe ejwayelekile;
- impungushe ejwayelekile emnyama nsundu.
Uboya balesi silwane esithwala uboya buhlonishwa kakhulu ngabathintekayo abazimele, kanye nabamele izindali ezinkulu zoboya nezimboni. Inani elikhulu kakhulu loboya litholakala ezifundeni eziseningizimu, futhi izikhumba ezivela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zimbalwa kakhulu, kodwa yizo ezilinganiswe njengeziphezulu kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, izimpungushe zabulawa kakhulu ngabazingeli, okwakusebenza njengohlobo lokuvimbela ukuvela kwezindawo zemvelo zamarabi asabalele. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umuthi wokugomela ngomlomo ucishe wasiqeda ngokuphelele isidingo sezinyathelo ezinqala njengokuqhubeka, ukudubula impungushe.
Noma kunjalo, inani le-fox ejwayelekile lingaphansi kokushintshashintsha okukhulu, futhi noma endaweni enhle yokwabiwa, emelwe amahlathi-asemaqeleni nezindawo ezinamathafa, inani lalesi silwane alizinzile kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, inani lezimpungushe lanele, ngakho-ke, isimo salesi silwane esincelisayo asiyona ingxenye yesigaba sokongiwa kwemvelo noma izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezifakwe eRed Book.
