IBreed Newfoundland (Newfoundland) yaziwa kubafuyi abaningi bezinja nabaphathi bezinja ngaphansi kwegama elithi "diver". Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa njengenja esebenzayo eCanada. Isici sohlobo lohlobo ukutholakala kwezingqimba ezihlukile phakathi kwezinzwani.
Umlando wemvelaphi yohlobo
Imibono eminingana iyaziwa ngemvelaphi yeNewfoundland... Uhlobo lwangempela ukuthi okhokho balolo hlobo babebizwa ngokuthi "izinja zebhere", ezalethwa yiViking Leif Erickson esiqhingini sesifundazwe saseNewfoundland esisolwandle.
Akuthandeki kangako ukucabanga ukuthi okhokho baseNewfoundland bangamakhosi aseTibetan. Vele, abukho ubufakazi obuqondile bobudlelwano obunjalo, futhi abukho ubufakazi besayensi ngokwesimo okhokho babo "abahlukahlukene" banamuhla abeza eNyakatho Melika bevela endaweni yaseTibet.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukukhuthazela kwabo, ukuzinikela kwabo nokuzola kwabo, kanye nokukwazi kwabo ukumelana kalula nazo zonke izimo zezulu ezinzima zesiqhingi saseCanada, iNewfoundlands yanamuhla, okungenzeka kakhulu, kungenxa yezinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa ukuwela.
Umbono onengqondo kunazo zonke ukuvela kohlobo enqubeni yokuthuthuka kwemvelo ngokuphelele kwezinja zaseCanada, ezinengubo eluhlaza futhi engangeni amanzi.
Ukuvela kweNewfoundland kuleli cala kungenxa yokuwela kwezinja zaseCanada ezinemihlobo efana neMastiffs, Molossos, Portuguese and Scottish Shepherds.
Ukubukeka, incazelo
Izindinganiso zinikeza incazelo eningiliziwe yokuhle, kusukela ekubukeni kohlobo, ummeleli, okufanele kusetshenziswe ngabafuyi njengesethenjwa. Namuhla bonke abalimi baqondiswa ngamazinga amane asemthethweni: i-English, American, Canada ne-FCI.
Wonke amazwe - amalungu e-International Cynological Federation, eminyakeni yamuva nje aqondiswa uhlelo lwakamuva lwe-standard ye-FCI, ngokuya ngemigomo eminingi esuselwa ezintweni ezisezingeni laseCanada.
Amazinga okuzala
INewfoundlands ingeyesigaba sezinja zesilethi zokuthutha izimpahla nezinja zamanzi, okumele zihlangabezane namazinga alandelayo okuzalela:
- umzimba ubumbene, nomgogodla mkhulu;
- ikhanda likhulu, linokhakhayi olubanzi, lunengqamuzana elincane eliyisigaxa kanye nokuba khona kwe-occipital protuberance eyenziwe kahle;
- izinyawo zibizwa kahle, kepha azibukhali, futhi ikhala likhulu futhi linombala omuhle, amakhala akhule kahle;
- isifonyo siyisikwele, sijule futhi sifushane ngandlela thize, simbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane futhi ezithambile, nendawo yesihlathi ithambile;
- ukuluma kohlobo oluqondile noma ukulunywa kwesikele;
- amehlo mancane, athi ukushuba ajulile futhi ahlukene kabanzi, ansundu onsundu noma akhanya kancane ngombala;
- izindlebe azinkulu kakhulu, zingunxantathu, zinamathiphu ayindilinga, abekwe ngemuva kogebhezi;
- indawo yentamo inamandla futhi inemisipha eyanele, ngaphandle kwedolo eleqile;
- indawo engemuva ibanzi, ngomhlane ongemuhle futhi onemisipha ephansi;
- i-croup ibanzi, ithambeka elijwayelekile lama-30 °;
- imilenze yangaphambili iqonde ngqo futhi iyafana, kanti imilenze yangemuva inesifunda esiqinile, esibanzi neside sangasese;
- umsila uqinile futhi ubanzi ezansi.
Uhlobo luhlukaniswa ngengubo ephindwe kabili engangeni amanzi, kwesinye isikhathi inovalo oluncane nezinwele zokuqapha ezinde ngokulingene. Ingubo yangaphansi iminyene futhi ithambile.
Imibala emnyama, ensundu nemhlophe-emnyama ivunyelwe ngamazinga... Ukuphakama okumaphakathi kowesilisa osekhulile ekubuneni kungama-70-71cm. Ukuphakama okumaphakathi kwengquza yabantu abadala ekubuneni kungama-65-66cm. Isisindo sowesilisa singu-67-68kg, kanti unondindwa ungu-53-54kg.
Umlingiswa waseNewfoundland
Ngaphandle, iNewfoundland imane "ikhanye" ngomusa nobumnene bobuntu. Yize ibukeka kahle ngokubabazekayo, iyinja ejabule kakhulu futhi enobuhlakani, eyaziwa ngokuthamba nokuzola.
I-Newfoundland egcwele kahle ayinayo ngokuphelele imizwelo yokuzingela eyisisekelo, kepha iyakwazi, ngaphansi kwezinye izimo, ukwenza izinqumo ngokuzimela. Uhlobo luziswa kakhulu ngokungabi bikho kokuhlukunyezwa kwabantu nezinye izilwane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ososayensi bafakazele ukuthi iNewfoundlands ivame kakhulu ukubona amaphupho, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuphumula, isilwane sikhala, siklwebhe futhi sinyakazise izidladla zaso, noma, kunalokho, siyajabula futhi sizulise umsila waso.
AmaNewfoundlands angabhukudi abahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke ajabule kakhulu nganoma yiliphi ithuba lokuthatha izindlela zokwelapha ngamanzi. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufundisa umdlwane kusukela ezikhathini zokuqala zokubonakala kwawo endlini.
Uma kunesidingo, ungakhombisa isilwane sakho ukuzala ochwepheshe abazosiza hhayi kuphela ukulungisa umlingiswa, kepha futhi banikeze izeluleko ezisebenzayo ekugcinweni nasekukhulisweni kweNewfoundland.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila senja enkulu enomzimba onamandla nonemisipha nokunyakaza okuhlelekile yiminyaka eyishumi kuphela.
Noma kunjalo, njengoba umkhuba wesikhathi eside wokugcina uhlobo olunjalo ekhaya lubonisa, ngisho namaphutha amancane kakhulu ekunakekelweni ngokuvamile abangela ukuncipha okukhulu esikhathini sokuphila seNewfoundland.
Ukugcinwa kweNewfoundland ekhaya
Ama-Newfoundlands awafanele neze ukugcinwa ezivalekweni zangaphandle ngemuva kwemigoqo noma ngamaketanga. Lolu hlobo, njengomthetho, lugcinwa efulethini noma endlini yangasese yezwe enegceke lokuhamba njalo.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga umdlwane, kufanele wazi ngemithetho eyisisekelo yokuyigcina.... Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka isilwane sakho ngendawo yokulala nokuphumula okufanele, kanye nokudla.
Indlu kufanele ibe nekhithi yosizo lokuqala lwezilwane, izesekeli eziyisisekelo zokudlala nokuzijwayeza, kanye nazo zonke izinto zokwenza ukunakekelwa kwenhlanzeko.
Ukunakekelwa nokuhlanzeka
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela njalo nangamakhono ijazi elide leNewfoundland. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa uboya nsuku zonke, usebenzisa ibhulashi ngohlobo oluqinile lwe-bristle. Ijazi lidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi sokuchitha.
Ukuze ungaphuli ungqimba oluvikelayo engubeni nasesikhumba sesilwane, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukugeza inja ngaphandle kwalapho kunesidingo. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu itholakala ngokwelashwa koboya ngezikhathi ezithile ngama-shampoo akhethekile owomile.
Izindlebe zihlolwa masonto onke, futhi uma kutholakala izindawo zokubomvu okubonakalayo, i-auricle ihlanzwa kahle ngephedi likotini elifakwe i-chlorhexidine, ngemuva kwalokho isikhumba sithanjiswe nge-synthomycin emulsion.
Ukususa uketshezi oluhlangana ngamehlo, sebenzisa i-gauze efakwe emanzini ahlanzekile noma ama-lotion akhethekile ekhemisi.
Izipikili zigundwa njalo ukusiza ukubumba i-metacarpus nezinzwane... Udinga futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kwamazinyo. Ekuhlanzeni, kusetshenziswa izithako zokuxubha ezikhethekile ezingezona i-allergenic kanye namabhulashi wamazinyo, kanye nokuphatha ukususa uqweqwe emazinyweni. Imali ekhishwa eTartar iyasuswa emtholampilo wezilwane.
Okubalulekile! Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ukugeza iNewfoundland kaningi akunakwenzeka, kusukela zisencane isilwane sidinga ukufundiswa ngezinqubo eziyimpoqo zokuhlanzeka, kufaka phakathi ukugeza izidladla ngemuva kokuhamba nokusula isifonyo ngendwangu emanzi ngemuva kokudla.
Ungayondla kanjani iNewfoundland
Iningi kakhulu labazalisi bezinja muva nje bebesebenzisa ngenkuthalo ukudla okwenzelwe ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo, okunganikezwa iNewfoundland hhayi kuphela ngendlela eyomile, kepha futhi kufakwe kuqala emanzini ajwayelekile noma umhluzi. Ukuze unqume kahle kahle ukuthi kudliwani, udinga ukuthola kumfuyi ukuthi hlobo luni lokudla okusetshenziselwe umdlwane othengiwe. Vele, ungadlulisela inja kolunye uhlobo lokudla, kepha ushintsho olunjalo ekudleni kufanele lwenziwe kancane kancane.
Okubalulekile! Khumbula ukuthi lapho wondla isilwane sakho ukudla okomile, inja kumele inikezwe ukufinyelela okungaphazamiseki emanzini ahlanzekile okuphuza.
Inani lokuphakelwa kanye nesilinganiso sokondla kuzohluka kuye ngobudala besilwane:
- imidlwane kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezine inikezwa ukudla kahlanu ngosuku;
- imidlwane kusuka ezinyangeni ezine kuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha inikezwa ukudla kane ngosuku;
- lapho unezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili, ukudla kunikezwa kathathu ngosuku;
- isilwane esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili singashintshelwa ekudleni kabili ngosuku.
Izabelo zokuphakelwa ezilungiselelwe zihluke kakhulu, kepha ngokuya ngesethi yezakhi nezici zekhwalithi yazo, zingathunyelwa ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene.
INewfoundland nayo ingondliwa ngokudla okujwayelekile kwemvelo, kepha kulokhu, kuzodingeka ubale ngokunembile inani nohlobo lokudla, futhi ulinganise zonke izingxenye futhi ubale ukwengezwa kwamavithamini namaminerali.
Yonke imikhiqizo kufanele ibe esezingeni eliphakeme, ingabi namafutha futhi ibe yintsha... Kuyadingeka ukondla isilwane, kungakhathalekile isisindo nobudala, ihora ngemuva kokubuya ekuhambeni.
Izifo nezinkinga zokuzala
Noma ikuphi ukuphambuka kwamazinga ohlobo oluthile kubhekwa njengamaphutha. Imikhuba emibi yaseNewfoundland ifaka phakathi:
- imilenze ephakeme;
- ukuxega noma ukukhanya kwethambo;
- ulaka noma ubugwala;
- ikhanda elincane nomlomo omude noma okhombe;
- amehlo azungezile noma aphuzi aphuzi ngejwabu leso lesithathu elibonakalayo;
- ukuzingela emuva, okubuthakathaka noma okubuyela emuva;
- umsila omfishane noma omude kakhulu onamakhinki noma ama-curls ekugcineni.
Amaphutha angavumelekile afaka ukungabi nasimilo, ukuhlanekezelwa nokubambeka emihlathini, ijazi elifushane kakhulu futhi elibushelelezi, umbala ongalungile. Owesilisa kufanele abe nesende lamasende akhule kahle ehlele esikhunjeni.
I-Newfoundlands nayo inesimo sokuthola ezinye izifo zohlobo oluthile, ezimelwe yi:
- i-dysplasia yamajoyini we-hip, ahambisana nokuphazamiseka ekukhuleni kwejoyini futhi angaba ohlangothini olulodwa noma emazweni amabili. Amafomu ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu abonakala ngokususwa okuphelele kwekhanda lesifazane kusuka ku-acetabulum;
- izifo zesistimu yenhliziyo ngendlela ye-aortic stenosis. Ukuncipha kwefa lokuvula kwe-aortic kuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi kwemvelo. Njengomthetho, izimpawu zokuqala zesifo zivele esilwaneni lapho sinezinyanga ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ubudala;
- izifo zamehlo ngendlela yokuguqula ijwabu leso ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Esimweni sokuqala, i-cornea ilinyazwa yizinkophe, ezivusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala, kanti ukwelashwa kungahlinzwa kuphela. Ukugoba kwangaphandle kungazalwa noma kutholwe, kepha futhi kudinga ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Ngaphansi kokuvamile, abanikazi baseNewfoundland babhekene nokuqhuma kwejwabu leso lesithathu, elihambisana nokugcwala kwezicubu ekhoneni langaphakathi langaphakathi;
- i-panostitis noma ukuvuvukala okubuhlungu kwamathambo amade we-tubular. Lesi sifo saziwa kangcono ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa okuphakathi noma izinhlungu ezikhulayo. I-Panostitis ayidingi ukwelashwa futhi iyahamba ngeminyaka iyodwa.
Kaningi futhi cishe kungakhathalekile ukuthi ubudala, iNewfoundlands ihlushwa ukuqunjelwa noma ukwanda okukhulu kwesisu. Lesi simo, esaziwa nangokuthi i-torsion, sihambisana nokukhula okuqinile kwesisu ngenxa yegesi noma uketshezi oluqoqiwe.
Ukwehluleka ukunikeza ukunakekelwa kwezilwane ngesikhathi esifanele kungaholela ekufeni kwesilwane esifuywayo. Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo esinjalo, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuzikhandla ngokweqile, hhayi ngaphambi kokudla kuphela, kepha futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla. Kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukungayincishi inja yakho ngokweqile.
Thenga iNewfoundland
Kungcono ukuthola umdlwane waseNewfoundland unonyaka owodwa nengxenye noma izinyanga ezimbili... Ngalesi sikhathi, isilwane esifuywayo sibukeka njengengane encane, engenamahloni, ethanda ukwazi futhi ivulekele ukuxhumana nebhere. Isisindo somdlwane ngenyanga sicishe sibe ngu-5 kg, ezinyangeni ezimbili - 10-12 kg, futhi ngezinyanga ezintathu sifinyelela ku-15-18 kg.
Yini okufanele uyibheke
Uma uhlela ukubamba iqhaza nesilwane sakho embukisweni wombukiso noma uhlanganyele ekuzalaneni kozalo, okokuqala-ke udinga ukunaka kakhulu idatha yangaphandle noma lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ingaphandle lomdlwane, kanye nabazali bakhe.
Kunezinkinga eziningi ezingavimba ngokuphelele indlela yokuthi isilwane singene eringini. Le mikhuba emibi ihlanganisa:
- ubugwala nolaka;
- ukutholakala kwesidlwana noma i-undershot;
- ukuba khona kwemihlathi egwegwile
- ijazi elifushane kakhulu futhi elibushelelezi.
Izingane eziqinisekisiwe kumele zibukeke zilungiswe kahle futhi zihlanzekile, zondlekile futhi zisebenza kahle... Imidlwane enempilo kufanele ibe nejazi elicwebezelayo, amehlo nezindlebe ezihlanzekile, futhi ingabi namaqubu noma iklwebhe. Isisu akufanele sidonseke kakhulu noma sivuvuke kakhulu.
Imidlwane yePurebred Newfoundland ingaba nombala omnyama kuphela, omnyama nomhlophe noma onsundu (wethusi noma ushokoledi).
IGrey Newfoundlands, ngokuya ngemithetho ye-RKF, abavunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza embukisweni futhi abasetshenziswanga ekuzalelaneni kohlobo. Imidlwane enjalo ithola kozalo isitembu esikhethekile "isilwane esinombala ongaziwa yi-FCI".
Okubalulekile! khumbula ukuthi ngokuphelele yonke imidlwane yaseNewfoundland, esefinyelele eminyakeni yobudala eyamasonto ayisishiyagalombili, kufanele ihlolwe ngokujwayelekile i-cardiac stenosis, ngakho-ke umfuyi kufanele anikeze umthengi wenja imiphumela yokuhlolwa okunjalo.
Intengo yenja yaseNewfoundland
Izindleko ezijwayelekile zenjanyana yaseNewfoundland ziyashintshashintsha kuye ngobudala bayo, ukugqama kombala, isigaba kanye nobulili. Imidlwane engabizi kakhulu i- "Pet-class" ne- "Brid-class" ithengiswa ngezinja zasekhaya ngentengo yama-ruble ayi-15,000-20,000. Izilwane ezinedatha ephezulu yokuvumelana futhi ethembisa umsebenzi wombukiso zihlala zihlukaniswa ngezindleko eziphakeme.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Ngokusho kwabafuyi beNewfoundland nabaphethe izinja, lolu hlobo lungelwesigaba sezilwane ezifuywayo zenhlalo nezenhlalo. Isilwane esinemilenze enjalo sihlala sidinga ukuxhumana okubonakalayo, okuzwakalayo nokuthintekayo, kanye nokuxhumana okungokomzwelo hhayi nomnikazi waso kuphela, kodwa nezinye izinja.
AmaNewfoundlands, noma esegugile, athanda ukudlala nokugijima, agcina ingqondo ephilayo nomsebenzi womzimba kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila. Lolu hlobo kulula ukufunda hhayi imiyalo eyisisekelo kuphela, kepha futhi namaqhinga ayinkimbinkimbi.
Abanikazi abaningi baseNewfoundland bavumela izilwane zabo ezifuywayo ezinemilenze emine ukuba ziphathe izikhwama ezikhanyayo emazinyweni abo, kanye nezikelesi ebusika. Inja enjalo iyajabula ukunakekela izingane hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni, kodwa futhi nasemvelweni, ikakhulukazi eduze nemizimba yamanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Esinye isici esithandekayo sohlobo yilukuluku lwabo lokuzalwa.
Kusukela esemncane, iNewfoundlands inothando lokuhamba, futhi ijabule ngokungenamkhawulo kunoma ibaphi abantu obajwayele. Ungayigcini iNewfoundland isikhathi eside elangeni noma egumbini eligcwele kakhulu, elingafakwanga umoya, njengoba kulokhu ubungozi bokuthi inja ithole ilanga noma ukushiswa ukushisa benyuka kaningi.
Uhlobo lweNewfoundland luyinja emangalisayo, ehlakaniphile kakhulu, ezolile futhi eqotho, efanelekile emindenini enezingane nanoma ngubani okhetha ukuzijabulisa okusebenzayo.
Uboya benja enjalo busetshenziselwa ukunitha izingubo ezifudumele ezisiza ukubhekana nezifo ezihlangene.... Noma kunjalo, umuntu kufanele akhumbule ngobukhulu obukhulu besilwane esinjalo, ngakho-ke, ukugcina ezindlini eziminyene, lokhu akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu yokuzala.
