Ukubiza i-hummingbird ngenyoni encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni akunembile ngokuphelele: uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lomndeni omkhulu wegama elifanayo olungaba nalesi sihloko. Kukhanya njengezimpaphe zentshe futhi kufana nenyosi enkulu yenyathi uMellisuga helenae noma inyosi yomzwilili.
Ukubukeka, incazelo yenyoni ye-hummingbird
Ukuhleleka kwe-hummingbirds kumelwe ngumndeni owodwa, kepha omningi kakhulu futhi ohlukahlukene we-hummingbird, owaziwa ngama-ornithologists ngaphansi kwegama lesiLatin iTrochilidae.
Ama-hummingbirds afana ngokufana nezinyoni ezidlulayo: anentamo emfushane ngokulinganayo, amaphiko amade, nekhanda eliphakathi nendawo.... Yilapho ukufana kuphela khona - abadlulayo abakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokuthi "kunhlobonhlobo" enkulu yemilomo, noma izimpaphe ezinhle kakhulu imvelo ezinikeze ama-hummingbirds.
Abesilisa (ngemuva kwesizinda sabesifazane) banokubonakala komkhosi ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yombala ogqamile nezimpaphe eziyinkimbinkimbi ekhanda nasemsileni, okuvame ukuthatha isimo samaqoqo noma ama-crest. Uqhwaku lungaqonde ngqo noma luguquke phezulu / phansi, lube lude kakhulu (uhhafu womzimba) noma lube nesizotha.
Kuyathakazelisa!Okukhethekile ngoqhwaku yingxenye engenhla, evalela ingxenye yayo engezansi, kanye nokungabikho kwamabherisi phansi nolimi olude olunezimfoloko oludlulela ngalé komlomo.
Ngenxa yemilenze yabo emifushane ebuthakathaka, ama-hummingbird awagxumeki phansi, kepha angabambelela emagatsheni ahlale lapho. Kodwa-ke, izinyoni azikhali kakhulu ngezitho zomzimba ezibuthakathaka, zinikela kakhulu ngokuphila kwazo ezindizeni zezindiza.
Izimpaphe nezimpiko
Iphiko le-hummingbird lifana nephiko levemvane: amathambo akulo akhula ndawonye ukuze indawo ethwele, iphenduke indiza eyodwa, ikhule kakhulu. Ukulawula iphiko elinjalo kudinga ukuhamba okukhethekile kokuhlangana kwehlombe nenqwaba yemisipha endizayo: kuma-hummingbirds, abalwa ngama-25-30% wesisindo esiphelele.
Umsila, naphezu kokuhlukahluka kwamafomu, uqukethe cishe zonke izinhlobo zezimpaphe eziyishumi. Okuhlukile yi-hummingbird eracket-tailed, emsileni wayo kunezimpaphe ezi-4 zomsila.
Ngenxa yokugqama, ukuhlukahluka nobucwebe bensimbi bezimpaphe, ama-hummingbirds avame ukubizwa ngokuthi amagugu anezimpaphe. Iningi lesikweletu ngokunikeza igama elincomayo lingelempahla emangalisayo yezimpaphe: ziphikisa ukukhanya ngokuya ngombono wokubuka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpaphe zingabonakala njenge-emerald, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho inyoni ishintsha kancane ukuma kwayo, umbala oluhlaza ngokushesha uphenduka ubomvu klebhu.
Izinhlobo ze-hummingbird
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukanisiwe ezingama-330 kukhona zombili izinyoni ezincane futhi "eziqinile".
Okukhulu kunazo zonke kubhekwa njenge-Patagona gigas, i-hummingbird enkulu kakhulu ehlala ezifundeni eziningi zaseNingizimu Melika, evame ukundiza ibanga elingamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-4-5. Inomlomo oqondile, ohlangene, umsila we-pitchfork nobude berekhodi le-hummingbird - 21.6 cm.
Omncane kunabo bonke emndenini, i-hummingbird-bee, uhlala eCuba kuphela... Izimpaphe eziphezulu zabesilisa ziphethwe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwabesifazane - luhlaza okotshani. Inyoni endala ayikhuli ngaphezu kuka-5.7 cm futhi inesisindo esingu-1.6 g.
I-hummingbird ekhokhiswa ukhozi, ehlala eCosta Rica, ePanama, eColombia, e-Ecuador nasePeru, iyaphawuleka ngomlomo wayo ogobele phansi (cishe ngo-90 °).
Kuyathakazelisa!I-Selasphorus rufus, i-ocher hummingbird, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-red selasphorus, yaduma ngokuba ukuphela kwayo i-hummingbird eyandizela eRussia. Ehlobo lika-1976, i-selasphorus enekhanda elibomvu yavakashela isiQhingi saseRatmanov, futhi ofakazi bokuzibonela bathi babona ama-hummingbirds eChukotka naseWrangel Island.
INyakatho Melika (kusuka entshonalanga yeCalifornia kuya eningizimu ye-Alaska) kubhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala ejwayelekile. Ebusika, inyoni okuthiwa i-hummingbird endizela eMexico. Inyoni le inomlomo omncanyana, ofana ne-awl nobude obufitjhani (8-8.5 cm).
Omunye omele umndeni onelukuluku omude kunabo bonke (ngokumelene nomzimba ongemuva) ngoqhwaku: u-9-11 cm nobude benyoni obungu-17 kuya ku-23 cm.
Izilwane zasendle
Ama-hummingbird akhetha ukuchitha izinsuku zawo phakathi kwezimbali ezinamakha, ekhetha, njengomthetho, amahlathi afudumele asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuzalwa yazo zonke izinyoni ezingama-hummingbird yiNew World. Ama-hummingbird ahlasele iMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, kanye nezindawo eziseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika. Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-hummingbird zihlala phansi. Okuhlukile kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziningana, kufaka phakathi i-ruby-throated hummingbird, indawo yayo enabela eCanada naseRocky Mountains.
Izimo zokuphila ze-ascetic ziphoqa lolu hlobo ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ukuthi siye eMexico, esihlanganisa ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4-5. Endleleni, i-ruby-throated hummingbird ithatha isivinini esifanelekile ngokwakhiwa kwayo - cishe ama-80 km / h.
Ububanzi bezinhlobo ezithile bukhawulelwe endaweni yendawo. Lezi zinhlobo, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-endemics, zifaka, isibonelo, i-hummingbird-bee esivele isaziwa, engakaze iphume eCuba.
Indlela yokuphila ye-hummingbird
Njengoba kwenzeka kaningi ezilwaneni ezincane, ama-hummingbird anxephezela usayizi wawo ohlangene nomlingiswa oxabanayo, ukuthanda impilo nokuhamba ngamandla kwe-hypertrophied. Abanqikazi ukuhlasela izinyoni ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekuvikeleni inzalo.
Ama-hummingbird aphila impilo yodwa, ekhombisa ukukhuphuka ngamandla ekuseni nantambama. Lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, bawela ebusika obufushane bokulala.
Kuyathakazelisa!I-metabolism esheshayo idinga ukugcwala njalo, okungeke kube sebusuku. Ukwehlisa ijubane lomzimba, i-hummingbird iyalala: ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehla laya ku-17-21 ° C, futhi ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwehla. Lapho ilanga liphuma, ubusika basebusika buyaphela.
Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, akuwona wonke ama-hummingbird enza imivimbo engu-50-100 ngomzuzwana endizeni: ama-hummingbirds amakhulu anqunyelwe imivimbo engu-8-10.
Ukundiza kwenyoni ngandlela thile kukhumbuza ukundiza kovemvane, kepha ngokuqinisekile kuyedlula lokhu kokugcina kuyinkimbinkimbi nokuhamba kalula. I-hummingbird indizela phezulu naphansi, emuva naphambili, ezinhlangothini, izulazula inganyakazi, futhi ibuye iqale futhi ihle ibheke phezulu.
Lapho izulazula, amaphiko ale nyoni achaza ayisishiyagalombili asemoyeni, okukuvumela ukuthi uhlale unganyakazi, ubambe umzimba we-hummingbird ume mpo. Lokhu kwehlukanisa ama-hummingbird kwezinye izinyoni ezikwazi ukulenga kuphela. Ukuhamba kwamaphiko kudlula ngokushesha okukhulu kangangokuthi izinhlaka zawo ziyafiphala: kubonakala sengathi i-hummingbird ivele iqine phambi kwembali.
Ukondla, ukubamba ama-hummingbirds
Ngenxa yemetabolism esheshayo, izinyoni ziphoqeleka ukuthi zizondle ngokuqhubekayo ngokudla, ezimatasa nokufuna imini nobusuku. I-hummingbird ayaneliseki kangangokuba idla ukudla okuphindwe kabili ngosuku kunesisindo sayo.... Awusoze wabona inyoni yesidlo sakusihlwa ihleli phansi noma egatsheni - isidlo senzeka kuphela endizeni.
Kuyathakazelisa!Iningi lokudla kwe-hummingbird umpe nempova ezivela ezitshalweni ezishisayo. Ama-hummingbirds ahlukene anezintandokazi zawo ze-gastronomic: umuntu othile undiza kusuka embali kuya embalini, futhi othile uyakwazi ukuzitika ngompe ovela ohlotsheni olulodwa lwezitshalo.
Kunokucatshangwa ukuthi ukwakheka komlomo wezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-hummingbird nakho kungenxa yesakhiwo senkomishi yezimbali.
Ukuze ithole umpe, le nyoni kufanele yehlise ulimi entanyeni yembali okungenani izikhathi ezingama-20 ngomzuzwana. Ngemuva kokuthinta into enoshukela, ulimi olugobile luyanwebeka futhi ligoqeka futhi lapho lufakwa emlonyeni.
Umpe nempova kunikeza izinyoni ama-carbohydrate amaningi, kepha azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zazo zamaprotheni. Yingakho kufanele zizingele izinambuzane ezincane, ezizibamba ngqo endizeni noma zizidabule kuwebhu.
Izitha zemvelo zenyoni
Ngokwemvelo, ama-hummingbirds awanazo izitha eziningi. Izinyoni zivame ukuzingelwa izicabucabu ze-tarantula nezinyoka zezihlahla, zikhipha isikhathi sazo phakathi kwendawo enotshani obuningi obushisayo.
Uhlu lwezitha zemvelo ze-hummingbirds lungabandakanya nomuntu ocekela phansi izinyoni ezincane ngenxa yezimpaphe ezikhazimulayo. Abazingeli bezimpaphe bazame okuningi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile ze-hummingbirds (ikakhulukazi lezo ezinebanga elilinganiselwe) ziyancipha, zisondela emugqeni wokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
Ukuzalanisa i-hummingbird
Izinyoni zinesithembu: Izinhlobo zaseningizimu zizala unyaka wonke, ezisenyakatho kuphela ehlobo. Owesilisa ukubheka njengomsebenzi wakhe ukuvikela isiza ngonya ezinsolweni zomakhelwane, kepha ngemuva kokukhwelana ucasha ku-alimony futhi anikeze owesifazane yonke imisebenzi ezayo mayelana nenzalo yabo ejwayelekile.
Into yokuqala eyenziwa ngumngani olahliwe ukwakha isidleke, asisebenzisela izindwani zotshani, ubulembu, ubulembu nobulembu. Isidleke sinamathele emaqabungeni, emagatsheni ngisho nasezindaweni ezinamadwala: amathe ezinyoni asebenza njengesilungisi.
Isidleke esincane sifana nengxenye yegobolondo le-walnut futhi siphethe amaqanda amhlophe alingana nepea... Insikazi ibafukamela izinsuku eziyi-14-19, iphazamisa kuphela ukudla nokuzivikela ezitheni zemvelo ezizama ukungena ku-clutch. Ubahlasela ngokushesha, afake umlomo wakhe obukhali esweni lenyoka noma emzimbeni wesicabucabu ngaphandle kokuzisola.
Amachwane asanda kuzalwa adinga ukunikezwa amandla njalo ngohlobo lwe-nectar. Ingeniswa ngunina, ilokhu izulazula njalo phakathi kwesidleke nezimbali.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uma umama engekho isikhathi eside, amaphuphu alambile alala ubuthongo, futhi le nyoni kufanele ivuse amawundlu ayo ayindikindiki ukuze iwashoshele umpe onikeza impilo.
Amachwane akhula ngokuxhuma futhi ngemikhawulo futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-25 sezikulungele ukundiza ziphume esidlekeni sazo.
Inombolo, inani labantu
Ukubanjwa okungalawuleki kwama-hummingbirds kuholele ekutheni inani lezinhlobo eziningi zehliswe ngokumangazayo, futhi ezinye kwadingeka zifakwe eRed Book. Manje inani elikhulu labantu lihlala e-Ecuador, eColombia naseVenezuela, kepha cishe kuzo zonke izindawo lezi zinyoni zisongelwa ngokubhujiswa.
Ukusebenza kwabantu kuhlobene kakhulu nesimo semvelo: i-hummingbird eyodwa kufanele ithathe umpe ezimbalini eziyi-1,500 nsuku zonke, inikeze amandla endiza eshesha kakhulu (150 km / h) kanye nokundiza njalo emoyeni.
I-Instituzione Scientifica Centro Colibrì izamile iminyaka eminingi ukufukamela amaqanda e-hummingbird. Lokhu kwakunzima kakhulu ngoba amaqanda e-hummingbird azwela ngokweqile ku-CO₂, izinga lokushisa nomswakama. UPetersime wasiza ososayensi abane-Embryo-Response Technology ™... Ngakho-ke, ngo-2015, ukufukamela amaqanda e-hummingbird kwaba ngokoqobo okokuqala, kunikeza ithemba lokubuyiselwa kwabantu.
Amarekhodi e-hummingbird
Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inyoni encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni ibhalwe ohlwini lwe-hummingbird, kunezinye izimpumelelo eziningi ezihlukanisa phakathi kwenqwaba yezinyoni:
- ama-hummingbird angenye yama-vertebrate amancane kunawo wonke;
- zona (izinyoni kuphela) zingandiza ziye kolunye uhlangothi;
- i-hummingbird yaqanjwa ngokuthi inyoni enamandla kakhulu emhlabeni;
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo ekuphumuleni ukushaya okungu-500 ngomzuzu, futhi endizeni - 1200 noma ngaphezulu.
- uma umuntu evayizisa izingalo zakhe ngejubane le-hummingbird beats ngomzuzu, wayezoshisa aze afike ku-400 ° C;
- inhliziyo ye-hummingbird i-40-50% yevolumu yomzimba.
