Labo abafunde kahle esikoleni mhlawumbe bayayikhumbula indima enzima yokukhumbula ngekhanda esiNgomeni sikaPetrel sikaMaxim Gorky. Kodwa kungenxa yalomsebenzi ongaboli lapho abaningi bakhulisa khona umqondo wale nyoni eziqhoshayo. Yize phakathi kwama-petrels, kunezinhlobo ezingama-66, kukhona okungahambelani nale ncazelo, futhi konke kungenxa yegama elihlaselayo - uyisilima wena.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Igama lakho lesidlaliso elingathandeki inyoni ye-fulmar uthole ukubonga ngokuziphatha kwakhe: akesabi nakancane abantu. Imvamisa olwandle oluvulekile, ama-fulmars ahambisana nemikhumbi, kwesinye isikhathi idlula, bese isalela emuva ukuze ihlale emanzini. Emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi izinyoni ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi abalandeli bomkhumbi (abalandela umkhumbi). Ngokungafani ama-seagulls, ama-fulmars ungaphumuli emkhunjini njengoba kunzima ukuthi basuke endaweni eqinile.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-fulmars, ezihluke kuphela endaweni yazo. Ama-fulmars ajwayelekile (i-Fulmarus glacialis) ajwayelekile emanzini asenyakatho olwandle i-Atlantic ne-Pacific, kuyilapho ama-silvery noma ama-Antarctic fulmars (i-Fulmarus glacialoides) ahlala ogwini lwase-Antarctica naseziqhingini eziseduzane nawo.
Umbala we-fulmars unezinhlobo ezimbili: ukukhanya nokumnyama. Kwinguqulo elula, izimpaphe zekhanda, intamo nesisu zimhlophe, kanti izimpiko, emuva nomsila kungumlotha. Ama-fulmars amnyama anombala ompunga onsundu, kancane kancane aba mnyama emaphethelweni amaphiko. Ngokubukeka, ama-fulmars cishe awahlukile kuma-herring gulls; avame ukudideka lapho endiza.
Njengawo wonke ama-tubenose, amakhala e-fulmar ngamashubhu e-keratinized lapho inyoni ilahla usawoti omningi emzimbeni, ubukhona bawo obuyisici sazo zonke izinyoni zasolwandle. Uqhwaku lukhulu futhi lumfushane kunolwezinyoni, imvamisa luphuzi ngombala. Imilenze imifushane, inolwelwesi kuzidladla, futhi ingaba ophuzi-umnqumo noma oluhlaza okotshani ngombala.
Ikhanda liphakathi ngosayizi futhi linokuma okuqinile kwe-shape. Ngokuqhathanisa, konke okunama-seagull afanayo, umzimba we-fulmin uminyene kakhulu. Amaphiko angafinyelela ku-1.2 m, ngobude benyoni obungu-43-50 cm nesisindo esingu-600-800 g.
Ukundiza kwe-fulmar kuhlukaniswa nokunyakaza okubushelelezi, ukuphakama okude nokuphaphama okungavamile kwamaphiko. AmaFulmars ngokuvamile asuka emanzini, futhi ukubona kusikhumbuza ngendiza eshesha emgwaqeni bese ithola ukuphakama.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Indoda Eyisiphukuphuku iyinyoni yasolwandle eyayihamba phambili kakhulu, yehlukile kwezinye zohlobo lwayo ngokukhohlisa kwakhe okumangazayo nokunganaki maqondana nomuntu. Lezi zinyoni zisebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, imvamisa zihlala olwandle oluvulekile, kungaba lapho zindiza noma emanzini zifuna ukudla.
Ngokuzola, ama-fulmars athanda ukundiza phansi ngaphezu kobuso, acishe athinte indawo engamanzi ngamaphiko awo. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela ama-fulmars aphile ogwini, uhlale emadwaleni emakoloni angenakubalwa, imvamisa ihlangene nama-gulls nama-guillemot.
Ukudla kwezinyoni
Yini engadliwa yinyoni yasolwandle edlulayo? Vele, inhlanzi, i-squid, i-krill ne-shellfish encane. Kwesinye isikhathi, ubuwula abunqikazi ukuthatha isidumbu. Imihlambi eminingi yalezi zinyoni ilandela imikhumbi yokudoba, idla udoti wemboni yazo. Isiwula sintanta phezulu ngokwanele emanzini, njengenyoni yasolwandle. Lapho ubona inyamazane, ayicwilizi, kepha igxilisa ikhanda layo emanzini, ibamba inhlanzi noma i-crustacean ngejubane lombani.
Ukuzala kanye nempilo ye-fulmar
Iziphukuphuku zihlukaniswa ngumuntu oyedwa, uma nje umbhangqwana owakhiwe ungapheli iminyaka eminingi. Ukuheha okhethiwe, owesilisa ophethe phezulu ebambe phezulu emanzini, uvame ukushaya amaphiko akhe futhi ahlanganise amakhanda ngokuzwakalayo, umlomo wakhe uvuleke kakhulu.
Uphawu lwesivumelwano ukukhononda okuthe cwaka ekuphenduleni nasekushayweni koqhwaku lwesici emzimbeni. Ngokwakhiwa kwesidleke, ama-fulmars akhetha ukucasha, angashaywa yimifantu yomoya noma imigodi engajulile ematsheni, egcwele izihlahla eziphansi. Utshani obomile busebenza njengombhede.
Iziwula zakha imibhangqwana eyodwa
Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, owesifazane we-fulmar ubeka iqanda elilodwa kuphela, kepha likhulu kakhulu, limhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi linamachashazi ansundu. Bobabili abazali batshala umcebo wabo ngokulandelana, bahlala esidlekeni izinsuku ezifika kweziyi-9, kanti owesibili udle ngobuwula olwandle ngaphakathi kwebanga elingafika kumakhilomitha angama-40 ukusuka kwikoloni labo.
Uma kuphazamisekile inyakatho fulmar ngenkathi yokwakha isidleke, ukhipha isigaxa samanoni esiswini anukayo esitheni, ngaleyo ndlela kudikibala ukujwayelana okwengeziwe. Le nto engu-fetid, egcwala amathe kubantu abangafuni, iwela phezu kwezimpaphe zenye inyoni, iyaqina futhi ingaholela nasekufeni kwayo. Ama-fulmars ngokwawo angasheshe ahlanze izimpaphe futhi angahlushwa yilokhu.
Esithombeni, isidleke se-fulmar
I-Gastric fluid isetshenziswa ngama-petrels hhayi kuphela ngezinhloso zokuzivikela, ecebile ngama-acid angenamafutha, kuyadingeka kwizinyoni ngesikhathi sezindiza ezinde nangesikhathi sokudla kwesizukulwane esisha. Iphuphu elilindelwe isikhathi eside lizalwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-50-55 zokufukamela. Umzimba wayo umbozwe ngobuningi obumpunga obumhlophe phansi.
Ezinsukwini eziyi-12-15 ezilandelayo, umzali oyedwa uhlala nephuphu, alifudumeze futhi alivikele. Ngemuva kwalokho umfana omncane oyisilima uhlala yedwa, futhi abazali bakhe bandiza ngokungakhathali olwandle befunela ingane yabo ekhula ngokushesha ukudla.
AmaFulmars avame ukuhlaselwa ama-frigates, nawo ondle inzalo ngalesi sikhathi. Bahlasela ama-fulmars futhi bathathe inyamazane eyenzelwe inkukhu yabo okuwukuphela kwayo.
Esithombeni, iphuphu elingenangqondo
I-fulmar encane izama ukundiza inamasonto ayisithupha, kepha ayifinyeleli ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngokushesha - ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-9-12. Lezi zinyoni zasolwandle zihlala isikhathi eside - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50. Bukela i isithombe se-fulmarsukhuphuka ngokuzethemba phezu kwamanzi amnyama ase-Arctic, uyaqaphela ukuthi lezi zinyoni ezijwayelekile ezinegama elihlekisayo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yalezi zindawo ezinzima zasenyakatho.
