Isilwane sengwenya reptile, kufakwe ngokulandelana kwama-vertebrate emanzini. Lezi zilwane zavela eMhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 edlule.
Abantu bokuqala baqala ukuhlala emhlabeni futhi kamuva bazi kahle imvelo yasemanzini. Izihlobo eziseduze zezingwenya yizinyoni.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala yengwenya
Impilo emanzini yakha umzimba ohambelana nesirhubuluzi: umzimba wezingwenya mude, ucishe ube yisicaba, unekhanda elide eliyisicaba, umsila onamandla, izidladla zifushane ngezinzwane ezixhunywe ulwelwesi.
Ingwenya ibanda isilwane esinegazi, ukushisa komzimba wakhe cishe kungama-30 degrees, kwesinye isikhathi kungafinyelela kuma-34 degrees, kuya ngethempelesha elincane. Izilwane zezingwenya ihluke kakhulu, kepha izinhlobo ziyahluka kuphela emzimbeni omude, kunezilwane ezihuquzelayo kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-6, kepha iningi liyi-2-4 m.
Izingwenya ezinkulu ezikame kakhulu zinesisindo esingaphezu kwethani futhi zifinyelela ku-6.5 m ubude, zitholakala ePhilippines. Izingwenya zomhlaba ezincane kunazo zonke u-1.5-2 m zihlala e-Afrika. Ngaphansi kwamanzi, izindlebe namakhala ezingwenya kuvaliwe ngama-valve, izinkophe ezisobala ziwela phezu kwamehlo, ngenxa yokuthi isilwane sibona kahle ngisho nasemanzini anodaka.
Umlomo wezingwenya awunazo izindebe, ngakho-ke awuvaleki ngokuqinile. Ukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angene esiswini, indawo yokungena yomlomo ivinjwe ikhethini le-palatine. Amehlo engwenya abekwe phezulu ekhanda, ngakho-ke kuphela amehlo namakhala kubonakala kuphela ngaphezu kwamanzi. Umbala onsundu oluhlaza ulufihla kahle emanzini.
Umbala oluhlaza uphumelela uma izinga lokushisa kwemvelo landa. Isikhumba sesilwane siqukethe amapuleti anama-horny aqinile avikela izitho zangaphakathi kahle.
Izingwenya, ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo, azichithi; isikhumba sazo sikhula njalo futhi siyazivuselela. Ngenxa yomzimba ohlangene, isilwane sihamba kahle futhi sihamba ngokushesha emanzini, ngenkathi sisebenzisa umsila waso onamandla njengephini lokuqondisa.
Izingwenya zihlala emanzini ahlanzekile asezindaweni ezishisayo. nakhu izinhlobo zezingwenya, aguqulelwe kahle emanzini anosawoti, atholakala esiqeshini sezilwandle - lezi izingwenya zase-Nile, zase-Afrika ezinentamo emincane.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yengwenya
Izingwenya cishe zihlala njalo emanzini. Bakhasa osebeni ekuseni nakusihlwa ukufudumeza amapuleti abo elangeni. Lapho ilanga libhaka ngamandla, isilwane siwuvula kakhulu umlomo, ngalokho umzimba uyaphola.
Izinyoni, zikhangwa izinsalela zokudla, ngalesi sikhathi zingangena ngokukhululekile emlonyeni ukuzitika. Futhi yize ingwenya, isilwane sasendle akaze azame ukuzibamba.
Ikakhulukazi izingwenya zihlala emanzini ahlanzekile; esimweni sezulu esishisayo, lapho ichibi lomile, lingamba umgodi ngaphansi kwedamu elisele kanye ne-hibernate. Esikhathini sesomiso, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zingangena emaphandleni zifuna amanzi. Uma izingwenya ezilambile zikwazi ukudla izingongolo zazo.
Emhlabeni, izilwane zinamahloni kakhulu, ziyaxakaniseka, kepha emanzini zihamba kalula nangomusa. Uma kunesidingo, zingathuthela kweminye imizimba yamanzi ngomhlaba, zinqobe amakhilomitha ambalwa.
Ukudla
Izingwenya zizingela kakhulu ebusuku, kodwa uma inyamazane itholakala emini, isilwane ngeke senqabe ukuzitika. Ongahle abe yisisulu, noma ngabe ukude kakhulu, usizwa yizilwane ezihuquzelayo ukuthola ama-receptors atholakala emihlathini.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezingwenya izinhlanzi, kanye nezilwane ezincane. Ukukhethwa kokudla kuya ngosayizi nobudala bengwenya: abantu abasha bakhetha izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, izinhlanzi, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, abantu abadala - izilwane ezincelisayo eziphakathi nendawo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni.
Izingwenya ezinkulu kakhulu zibhekana ngokuthula nezisulu ngaphezu kwazo. Yile ndlela izingwenya zaseNayile ezizingela ngayo izinkonkoni lapho zifuduka; ingwenya ehlanganisiwe izingela imfuyo ngesikhathi sezimvula; IMadagascar ingadla ngisho nama-lemurs.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo azikuhlafuni ukudla, zikudwengula ngamazinyo zikugwinye ziphelele. Zingashiya inyamazane enkulu kakhulu ezansi ukuze ibe manzi. Amatshe agwinywa yizilwane asiza ekugayweni kokudla, akugaya esiswini. Amatshe angaba umxhwele ngosayizi: ingwenya yeNayile ingagwinya itshe kufika ku-5 kg.
Izingwenya azisebenzisi izidumbu, kuphela uma zibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi zingakwazi ukuzingela, azikuthinti nhlobo ukudla okubolile. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zidla kakhulu: ngasikhathi zingadla cishe ingxenye yesine yesisindo sazo. Cishe ama-60% okudla okudliwe kuguqulwa kube ngamafutha, ngakho-ke ingwenya ingabulawa yindlala kuze kufike onyakeni owodwa uma kunesidingo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ingwenya ngeyesilwane esiphila isikhathi eside, uphila eminyakeni engama-55 kuya kwengu-115. Ukuvuthwa kwayo kwezocansi kwenzeka ekuqaleni, cishe eminyakeni eyi-7-11. Izingwenya yizilwane zesithembu: owesilisa unezinsikazi eziyi-10 - 12 endaweni yakhe.
Yize izilwane zihlala emanzini, zizalela amaqanda emhlabathini. Ebusuku, insikazi imba umgodi esihlabathini bese izalela cishe amaqanda angama-50 lapho, iwavale ngamaqabunga noma ngesihlabathi. Ubukhulu bokucindezeleka buxhomeke ekukhanyeni kwendawo: elangeni umgodi wenziwa ujule, emthunzini awuningi kakhulu.
Amaqanda avuthwa cishe izinyanga ezintathu, sonke lesi sikhathi insikazi iseduze ne-clutch, empeleni ayidli. Ubulili bezingwenya zesikhathi esizayo buxhomeke ekushiseni kwemvelo: abesifazane bavela ku-28-30 ° C, abesilisa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-32 ° C.
Ngaphambi kokuzalwa, amawundlu angaphakathi kwamaqanda aqala ukukhononda. Umama, lapho ezwa imisindo, uqala ukumba amatshe. Bese kusiza izingane ukuzikhulula egobolondweni ngokugingqa amaqanda emlonyeni wazo.
Izingwenya eziqhamukayo, ezino-26-28 cm ngosayizi, zihanjiswa ngokucophelela insikazi ziye emanzini angajulile, zibamba emlonyeni. Lapho bakhula izinyanga ezimbili, bese kuthi lapho behlakazeka ngemizimba yamanzi engazungezile enabantu abaningi. Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo eziningi ziyafa, ziba izisulu zezinyoni, ziqaphele izibankwa nezinye izidalwa.
Ukusinda kwezingwenya kuqala kudla izinambuzane, bese kuzingelwa izinhlanzi ezincane namaxoxo, kusukela eminyakeni engu-8-10 ubudala ziqala ukubamba izilwane ezinkulu.
Akuwona wonke umuntu oyingozi izinhlobo zezingwenya... Ngakho-ke ingwenya yeNayile kanye ne-crested kungamazimuzimu, kanti i-gavial ayiyona neze ingozi. Ingwenya njengesilwane esifuywayo namuhla zigcinwa ngisho nasemafulethini asedolobheni.
Ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala, kuzingelwa izingwenya, kudliwa inyama yazo, isikhumba sisetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo ye-haberdashery, okuholele ekwehleni kwesibalo sezingwenya. Kwamanye amazwe namuhla akhuliswa emapulazini, ezizweni eziningi ayabhekwa ingwenya isilwane esingcwele.
