Uma sikhuluma ngogwadule, okokuqala nje, simele izindawo ezinesihlabathi, lapho kungekho manzi khona, kungekho zilwane, kungekho zitshalo. Kepha le ndawo ayikho kuyo yonke indawo, futhi nemvelo esehlane ihluke kakhulu. Lezi zingwadule zihlala ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane ezidla utshani, izinambuzane nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi banokuthile abakudlayo ehlane.
Ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, imimoya enamandla neziphepho zesihlabathi, ukungabikho kwezulu, abamele umhlaba wezilwane bayakwazi ukusinda ezimweni ezinjalo. Izinhlobo eziningi zezimbali nazo zivumelane nalezi zimo.
Ziyini izimo zokuphila zezitshalo ezingwadule?
Izimbali zasendaweni zinezimo eziguqukayo ngenxa yokuthi zisinda kanjani:
- ameva;
- uhlelo olunamandla lwempande;
- amaqabunga ayinyama;
- ukuphakama okuncane.
Lezi zinguquko zivumela izitshalo ukuthi zikhule emhlabathini. Izimpande ezinde zifinyelela emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, kanti amaqabunga agcina umswakama isikhathi eside. Njengoba izihlahlana nezihlahla zikhula ebangeni elithile ukusuka komunye nomunye, zingamunca umswakama kuze kube seqophelweni eliphezulu lazo. Kungaphansi kwalezi zimo kuphela lapho kunezimbali khona ogwadule.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimbali ezikhula ezingwadule?
Izimbali zasogwadule azivamile neze. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-cacti zivame kakhulu kule ndawo yemvelo. Ziza ngosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kepha kukonke zikhulu futhi zinama-spiny. Ezinye izinhlobo ziphila cishe iminyaka eyikhulu. I-aloe nayo iyatholakala lapha, inameva namaqabunga enyama.
Ama-Baobabs nawo akhula ezingwadule. Lezi yizihlahla ezineziqu ezinkulu nezimpande ezinde, ngakho-ke zinikwa amandla yimithombo yamanzi engaphansi komhlaba. Izihlahlana eziyindilinga eziwumbumbulu zivame kakhulu ezingwadule. Isihlahla sejojoba sibuye sikhule lapha, kusuka ezithelweni ezitholakala ngamafutha abalulekile.
Ogwadule, kunezitshalo eziningi ezincane eziqhakaza ngesikhathi semvula. Ngalesi sikhathi, ugwadule lugqoke izimbali ezimibalabala. Phakathi kwezitshalo ezincane kukhona ameva ekamela ne-saxaul.
Phakathi kwezinye izitshalo ezingwadule kukhula i-lithops ne-elm, i-creosote bush kanye nekama, i-cereus, i-stapelia. Umhlonyane, i-sedge, i-bluegrass nezinye izitshalo ezinomuthi, izihlahla nezihlahla zikhula kuma-oases.
Zonke izitshalo zasogwadule zivumelane nezimo zezulu ezinzima. Kepha, ngaphandle kwameva, ameva, usayizi omncane, izimbali zezingwadule ziyamangalisa futhi ziyamangalisa. Lapho imvula iwa, izitshalo ziyaqhakaza. Labo ababona ihlane eliqhakazile ngamehlo abo abasoze bakhohlwa lesi simangaliso esihle semvelo.
Izitshalo zajwayela kanjani impilo ehlane
Izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ogwadule kungenzeka ngoba zinezimo ezikhethekile futhi zehluke kakhulu ezimileni zamahlathi namathafa. Uma izitshalo zalezi zindawo zemvelo zineziqu namagatsha anamandla, khona-ke izitshalo zasogwadule zineziqu ezincanyana kakhulu lapho kunomswakama khona. Amahlamvu namagatsha aguquka abe ameva namahlumela. Ezinye izitshalo zinezikali esikhundleni samaqabunga, isibonelo, ku-saxaul. Yize iqiniso lokuthi izitshalo zasogwadule zincane ngosayizi, zinezimpande ezinde nezinamandla ezivumela ukuthi zikhule empandeni enesihlabathi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bezimpande bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-5-10, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo ngisho nangaphezulu. Lokhu kuvumela izimpande ukuthi zifinyelele emanzini angaphansi komhlaba izitshalo ezondla kuwo. Ukuze sonke isihlahlana, isihlahla noma isitshalo esihlala isikhathi eside sithole umswakama owanele, zikhula esitshalweni esithile ngaphandle komunye nomunye.
Ngakho-ke, zonke izinhlobo zezimbali sezijwayele impilo yasogwadule. Njengoba i-cacti iphila amashumi ambalwa eminyaka, futhi abanye abantu bakhula iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100. Izimo ezahlukahlukene nemibala inama-ephemerals aqhakaza ikakhulukazi emvuleni. Kwezinye izindawo, ungathola amahlathi asekuqaleni we-saxaul. Zingakhula ngesimo sezihlahla noma izihlahlana, ezifinyelela isilinganiso samamitha ayi-5, kepha kukhona nokunye okuningi. Izihlahlana ezinkulu kakhulu zitholakala ehlane. Kungaba yi-acacias enesihlabathi. Zineziqu ezincane namacembe amancane anezimbali ezincane ezibubende. I-creosote bush inezimbali eziphuzi. It ingashintshwa ukuze nesomiso isikhathi eside nezimo zezulu ezinzima, okwesabisa away izilwane, likhipha iphunga ezingemnandi. Ama-succulent ahlukahlukene akhula ogwadule, ngokwesibonelo, i-lithops. Kuyafaneleka ukugcizelela ukuthi noma iluphi ugwadule emhlabeni lungakumangaza ngokuhlukahluka nobuhle bezimbali.
