U-Echidna kuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngokubukeka kwayo, ngoba kungacaci ngokushesha ukuthi iziphi izilwane eziseduze. Kubonakala sengathi unezinaliti, hhayi i-hedgehog noma ingungumbane, okucekela phansi izintuthwane, kepha akuhlangene nakancane nezindawo zokudlela. Okumangalisa kakhulu inqubo yokuzalanisa nokukhulisa amawundlu: izalela amaqanda, kepha yondla lawo mawisi ngobisi, yize ingaveli ezingonweni. Futhi futhi kuthwala ngamawundlu esikhwameni.
Uhlala nezwekazi elimangalisa kakhulu - e-Australia. Kwakumnandi kushiwo ngalezi zilwane: ngokuba khona kwayo, i-echidna ihlekisa ngososayensi. Ngempela, ochwepheshe abaningi bahlulekile ukuqonda, futhi kuze kube namuhla i-echidna ibathakazelisa kakhulu. Abantu bendawo babuye babize u-echidnu ngokuthi i- anteat spiny.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Echidna
I-echidna ingenye yezilwane zasendulo kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Kungokwesigaba esikhethekile sezilwane zokuqala. Okuwukuphela kwe-oda lapha ama-monotremes (kolunye uhlobo - i-oviparous), okubandakanya izinhlobo ezinhlanu zezilwane. Amabili awo yi-echidna ne-prochidna yomndeni we-echidna. Ezinye izinhlobo ezintathu ezivela emndenini we-platypus azizona izilwane ezithokozisayo.
I-Echidnas yathuthukisa igatsha elihlukile lokuziphendukela kwemvelo, elavela eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-180 edlule futhi lehla ezilwaneni ezindala kunazo zonke eMhlabeni - izilwane ezincelisayo eziseningizimu. Bathola amaJurassic nama-dinosaurs. Mhlawumbe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-25 edlule, ama-echidna aphuma emanzini aya emhlabathini. Bagcine izamukeli zokudoba ngomkhonto, bathwebula izinkambu zikagesi zezilwane ezihambayo. Ikhono lokubhukuda kahle ngaphansi nangaphansi kwamanzi nalo lilondoloziwe.
Isigaba se-monotremes sibonakala ngokuhoxiswa kohlelo lwe-genitourinary namathumbu emgodini owodwa ovamile - i-cloaca. Lokhu akuyona into ejwayelekile yezilwane ezincelisayo, futhi kwehlukanisa ama-echidna phakathi kwawo.
I-echidna inezinhlayiya ezimbili:
- Wase-Australia;
- I-Tasmanian.
Umehluko omkhulu usezindaweni ezihlala abantu nosayizi omkhudlwana we-echidna yaseTasmania uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Australia. Kwesinye isikhathi inani elikhulu loboya liyaphawulwa kokwedlule.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal echidna
Ama-Echidna yizilwane ezincane. Isisindo somzimba wabo siyehluka kusuka kumakhilogremu amabili kuya kwamathathu kuye kumakhilogremu amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa. Ubude bomzimba buvamise ukusukela ku-30 kuye ku-50 cm, kepha kwesinye isikhathi, ngokusho kweminye imithombo, bungafinyelela kuma-70 cm. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi osayizi abakhulu kangaka abasabhekiseli kuma-echidna, kepha kuma-prochidnas - le mininingwane ayikapheleli ihlelekile.
Isilwane sinomsila omncane, ngokuvamile sibukeka njengonqenqema oluncane nje. Inhloko incane, incane, ikhombe, ihlangana kahle emzimbeni. Kukhona umgqomo omude, omncane, oqondile, oyindilinga, ongafika ku-75 mm ubude. Amazinyo awekho futhi umlomo uvula kuphela amamilimitha ambalwa. Ulimi olude olunamathelayo lunamathela kulo, lapho ukudla kunamathela khona.
Ividiyo: Echidna
Azikho izindlebe, noma kunjalo izilwane zinokuzwa okuhle kakhulu. Inzwa yokuhogela nayo ithuthukiswe kakhulu echidna, kepha umbono awumuhle neze. Yize ngokwemithombo ethile babhala ukuthi iso le-echidna libukhali, imibono yososayensi yayihlukene ngalolu daba. Isici esimangazayo se-echidna ukuba khona kwesikhumba emlonyeni, kufakwe imiyalo - ama-electrolocator. Izilwane ezincelisayo zanamuhla, njengomthetho, azinalo lelo khono lokuthwebula izinkambu zikagesi zezilwane ezizungezile, kuyilapho i-echidna ikugcinile.
Izidladla zincane ngezinzwane eziyisihlanu inye, ekugcineni kwezinzwane kufakwe uzipho olunamandla oluyisicaba. Emilenzeni yangemuva kukhona uzipho olulodwa olude ikakhulukazi, lapho isilwane siluma ngaso futhi sikhipha ama-parasites. Umzimba wonke umbozwe ngoboya obuqatha, kumlomo wesifonyo nangezidladla kufushane. Umzimba ubuye umbozwe izinaliti eziyize kuze kufike kumasentimitha ayisithupha ubude. Umbala wejazi unsundu, umnyama, izinaliti ezimpandeni ziphuzi, futhi emaphethelweni zimnyama, kepha kungenzeka ziphuzi ngokuphelele.
Ama-Echidna anemisipha ethuthuke kakhulu, yize kukhona osayizi abancane bomzimba, bayakwazi ukujikisa izinto ngokujulile. Imvamisa ukwenza lokhu ngezinduli, kepha kunezimo lapho umuntu obekade esekhaya nomuntu ehambisa ifenisha esindayo ngaphandle.
Ihlala kuphi i-echidna?
Isithombe: I-echidna ebomvu
Ama-Echidna athanda uhlaza oluminyene. Indawo yokuhlala kaningi ingamahlathi, lapho angacasha khona emagatsheni awile, ezihlahleni. Ama-Echidna athanda ukucasha phakathi kwezimpande, emiseleni yeziqu ezibolile, iziphunzi. Bangakwazi futhi ukungena emigodini yabanye abantu, eyayimbiwe ngama-hares noma ama-wombats ngasikhathi sinye. Bangakwazi kakhulu izimbobo zokumba nokumba kuzo, uma kunengozi noma ukukhathazeka ngokweqile. Bachitha amahora emini ashisa kakhulu ezindaweni zokukhosela ezinjalo, kuthi lapho kuqala ukuhwalala baphume baqale umsebenzi wabo.
Kodwa-ke, akuwona amahlathi kuphela asebenza njengendawo yawo yokuhlala, futhi ahlalisana kahle nasemathafeni asemaqeleni ngisho nasezindaweni eziwugwadule. Bangakwazi ukuhlala eduze nezindawo zezolimo, kepha banamahloni okuphumela kubantu. Vele, bancike ekudleni, futhi uma benokudla okwanele, noma iyiphi indawo ezokwenza. Ama-echidna asezintabeni ayaziwa; phakathi kwamatshe emigedeni emincane, basebenzisa amahora abo okulala ngokunethezeka.
Ukuphela kwento i-echidna engayikubekezeleli ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa; emakhazeni amakhulu iba yindlala futhi ikwazi nokulala ubusuku bonke. Azinazo izindlala zokujuluka ngakho-ke zine-thermoregulation engeyinhle. Ngokwendawo, ama-echidna ahlala kulo lonke elase-Australia, futhi asatshalaliswa kancane eNew Guinea, eTasmania naseziqhingini eziseBass Strait.
Idlani i-echidna?
Isithombe: echidna yase-Australia
Ama-Echidna adla izinambuzane, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi omunye wososayensi wazama ukukubeka njengendlala. Izintuthwane nomuhlwa ezakha isisekelo sokudla kwazo. Zidabula kalula iziduli, zidudule zijikise amatshe, zimba emhlabathini ngesiqu sazo samakhala.
Ehlathini, bafuna ukudla phakathi kwezihlahla ezibolile, lapho bengasusa khona kalula amagxolo ngamakhala noma ngezidladla. Lapho, njengomthetho, ungathola inombolo enkulu yezinambuzane. Ikhala lisiza kakhulu ekudleni. Banomuzwa omuhle wokuhogela. Bahlala njalo bafuna ukudla ngosizo lwayo: bangamane bame indawo, baphonse isiqu ngaphansi kobulembu, amaqabunga awile namagatsha amancane.
Ngolimi olunamathelayo, ama-Yezidny abamba ukudla futhi akugwinye. Empandeni yolimi kukhona amazinyo amancane i-echidna egaya ngawo ukudla. Ngokumangazayo, njengezinyoni, zigwinya ngamabomu amatshe amancane nesihlabathi, nakho kamuva okugaya ukudla esiswini. Ngaphezu kwezintuthwane nomuhlwa, ama-echidna adla izibungu, ama-slugs, ama-molluscs amancane namanye ama-invertebrate.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isilwane se-Echidna esivela e-Australia
Ama-Echidna yizilwane ezizodwa ngokwemvelo. Abaxhumani. Ama-Echidnas akhetha ukungaphazanyiswa nakancane, ngokushesha ayithatha ngenzondo - azigoqe abe yibhola, njengama-hedgehogs futhi aqondise ameva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayaqaphela kakhulu futhi ngeke baye ezindaweni lapho kunezakhamuzi eziningi khona. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kuphela lapho baqala khona ukuheha abobulili obuhlukile futhi banake uhlobo lwabo.
Izilwane zithule kakhulu, zishosholoza ngezinto ezisezandleni zazo, futhi zingakhipha imisindo ethambile kuphela lapho zifuna ukudla. Isikhathi esiningi sebusuku. Zikhetha ukuchitha amahora emini nokushisa ezindaweni eziyimfihlo, ziphumule. Kuthi kusihlwa ziyaphuma zizingele futhi zizulazule kuze kube sekuseni.
Ama-Echidna awathandi kakhulu amakhaza aqinile. Esimweni sezulu esibandayo, umsebenzi wabo wehla kakhulu. Bangase bangaphumi endaweni yabo eyimfihlo ngobusuku bokuzingela obulandelayo, kepha bangene ekulaleni ubuthongo isikhashana ukulinda izikhathi ezinzima. Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-echidna ane-metabolism ehamba kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo alikhuphi ngaphezu kwama-32 degrees. Kepha bangakwehlisa kuze kufike ezi-4 degrees. Ngakho-ke, zivumelaniswa nobusika.
Futhi, kuleli cala, ama-echidna anengqimba enkulu ngokwanele yamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba, athola kuwo izakhamzimba ngesikhathi sokulala. Ubusika ubuthongo bezilwane bungahlala izinyanga ezine. Iqiniso elithakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi lezi zilwane zingaphila iminyaka engafika kwengama-50 endle, kepha ngokwesilinganiso ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20. Isikhathi esinjalo asijwayelekile kakhulu ezincelisayo ezincane kangaka. Ochwepheshe bathi isikhathi eside sempilo yisimo sokuhamba kancane komzimba wezinhlobo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Echidna
Ngokuqala kobusika base-Australia, ngoMeyi, ama-echidna ahlangana ngamaqembu amancane. Badonswa iphunga elikhethekile elikhishwa ngabantu ngalesi sikhathi. Abesilisa abaningana bajoyina insikazi eyodwa bese benza sengathi bazokhwela nayo. Ukulandelana nokuhlala ndawonye kungahlala isikhathi esingangenyanga. Lapho bezwa ukuthi insikazi ikulungele ukukhwelana, abesilisa bazoncintisana. Bamba umsele ozungeze insikazi bese kuthi owesilisa ngamunye azame ukusunduza abanye abafake izicelo baphume embuthanweni. Owinile ongashadile osele uthola ithuba lokukhulelisa owesifazane.
Futhi, insikazi nayo ingakhetha umlingani, maqondana nowesilisa oyedwa angancipha futhi acobise izinaliti, futhi kolunye, kunalokho, angatholakala ngokushesha. Ukukhwelana kukude, cishe ihora futhi kwenzeka ohlangothini. Idivayisi ethokozisayo yesilisa echidna penis. Okokuqala, inkulu, cishe ngamasentimitha ayisikhombisa, ngabo bonke ubukhulu besilwane. Okwesibili, inamakhanda nezinsipho ezine. Ameva enzelwe ukuvusa amaqanda ezinsikazi. Amakhanda asetshenziswa ngokushintshana, amabili ngasikhathi, ngoba isitho sowesifazane naso sibili.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, ngemuva kwamasonto ama-3-4, owesifazane ubeka iqanda elilodwa kuphela, nasesikhwameni. Kungenzeka futhi ngesikhathi sobusika. Iqanda lincane nje, ligremu elilodwa nohhafu kuphela. Isikhwama sabesifazane sivela kuphela ngalesi sikhathi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi siyanyamalala. Kuze kube manje, kusalokhu kuyimfihlakalo kososayensi ukuthi abesifazane abavela ku-cloaca badlulisa kanjani iqanda esikhwameni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uketshezi olunamathelayo lufihliwe esiswini olukuvumela ukuthi ubambe iqanda eligingqiwe, kepha indlela eqondile ayaziwa.
Ngakho-ke, usaphatha iqanda esikhwameni izinsuku eziyishumi. Iwundlu lichamisela amancane, lisentimitha elilodwa nohhafu kuphela, linempandla futhi alinakuzisiza ngokuphelele, lihlala esikhwameni sikanina izinsuku ezingaba ngu-50. Zonke lezi zinsuku, ingane incela ubisi lukamama, olungaphumi ezingonweni, njengakuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, kepha ngqo esikhunjeni nasejazini. Kusuka eboyeni, ngaphakathi kwesikhwama, lapho ikhonyane likhotha khona, lithola konke elikudingayo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukhula ngamandla kakhulu futhi azuze isisindo esifinyelela ku-400 g. Izinaliti ziqala ukuvela futhi umama wakhe akasakwazi ukumgqoka. Ukuze angajovi ngaphakathi, umfaka emgodini ombiwe ngokukhethekile amlethele ukudla kubantu abadala lapho. Lokhu kwenzeka njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa futhi kuncane njalo. Lapho nje izinyane lizizwa ukuthi liyakwazi ukuphuma, liyashiya isidleke futhi lithole ukuzimela.
Izitha zemvelo zama-echidna
Isithombe: Animal echidna
I-Echidna ayinasithakazelo kunoma ngubani, ngoba iyashesha futhi iyingozi, ayinabo ubungani. Kulokho-ke izosonga ibe yibhola futhi akukho ngisho nhlobo ukusondela kuyo. Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi noma kumuntu ongathola kalula indlela yokuzingela i-echidna, akathandeki. Isikhumba esinezinaliti asisebenzi noma kuphi futhi abazami nokukuthola. Inyama isivele ihloliwe kwatholakala ukuthi ayinambitheki. Ngakho-ke, umuntu angabamba kuphela ama-echidna ama-zoo nocwaningo. Akuthathi abantu abaningi kakhulu.
Noma kunjalo izidlo eziningana ziyakwazi ukuzingela i-echidna:
- izinja zedingo;
- amakati ezidlayo;
- izingulube;
- izimpungushe;
- qapha izibankwa.
Bangabulala i-echidna endaweni eqinile eqinile uma bekwazi ukubamba isisu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silwane asiphikisani nezidliwayo ziyasidla, sigweme izinaliti. Kepha, yiqiniso, ama-echidnas awadeli kalula, ayagijima, yize kungasheshi kakhulu. Bazama ukucasha emihumeni, emigodini, emigodini yezimpande nezihlahla. Uma zingekho eziseduze, zingaqala ukumba phansi khona lapho futhi zingene ukuze izinaliti kuphela ezivela ngemuva zinamathele ebusweni. Ngaphezu kokusongelwa okuphilayo, kunenye ingozi kuma-echidna - lena yimigwaqo emikhulu. Imvamisa, izimoto zibashaya ebusuku.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Beast Echidna
Abantu bezinhlobo balungile. Lesi silo asihambisani nemvelo futhi sihlala kulo lonke izwekazi. Into esemqoka ngama-echidna ukutholakala kokudla okwanele. Akukho ukuncipha kwesibalo se-echidna esibhaliswe ngochwepheshe. Lokhu kuyamangaza, unikezwe isici sakhe sokuzalisa: ngemuva kwakho konke, insikazi inewundlu elilodwa kuphela ngasikhathi. Noma kunjalo, konke kuhlelekile ngokubuka emvelweni.
Abantu ababanjwe endle nabo bahlala kahle ema-zoo. Kodwa-ke, ukuzalela kuye kwabikwa ezimweni ezimbalwa kuphela. Amawundlu azalelwe ukuthunjwa asheshe afa. Lokhu kungenye imfihlakalo yososayensi: yini ngempela engekho ezintweni ezibabayo. Ngisho namanje, okuningi kusalokhu kungakatholakali kokubili ukwakheka kohlobo nezinhlamvu nokuziphatha. U-Echidna isilwane esingajwayelekile, ochwepheshe bazonikela ngocwaningo oluningi kuso, ngoba baphatha imininingwane kusuka ezikhathini zasendulo kakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 17.02.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/16/2019 ngo-0: 27
