Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe waziwa ngabaningi njenge-shark-eating shark, noma i-karcharodon. Namuhla, inani lalezi zinhlobo lingabantu abangaphezulu kancane kwezinkulungwane ezintathu, ngakho-ke ushaka omkhulu omhlophe ungowesigaba sezilwane ezizingelayo ezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Incazelo nezimpawu zikashaka omhlophe
Ushaka omkhulu kunabo bonke oshaka banamuhla ngamamitha ayishumi nanye noma ngaphezulu ngobude. Okuvame kakhulu ngabantu abanobude bomzimba obungeqile kumamitha ayisithupha, nobukhulu obungu-650-3000 kg. Ingemuva nezinhlangothi zikashaka omhlophe zinombala ompunga ophawulekayo onamathoni amancane ansundu noma amnyama... Ubuso besisu bumhlophe qwa.
Kuyathakazelisa!Kuyaziwa ukuthi muva nje bekukhona oshaka abamhlophe, ubude bomzimba obungafinyelela kumamitha angamashumi amathathu. Emlonyeni womuntu onjalo, ophila ekupheleni kwesikhathi semfundo ephakeme, abantu abadala abayisishiyagalombili bangahlala ngokukhululeka.
Oshaka abamhlophe banamuhla bahlala bodwa. Abantu abadala bangatholakala hhayi kuphela emanzini olwandle oluvulekile, kodwa futhi nasogwini lolwandle. Njengomthetho, ushaka uzama ukuhlala eduze komhlaba, futhi ukhetha ukufudumala emanzini olwandle afudumele ngokulinganisela. Isisulu sibhujiswa ngoshaka omhlophe onamazinyo amakhulu kakhulu futhi abanzi, angunxantathu. Onke amazinyo anemiphetho ebanzi. Imihlathi enamandla kakhulu ivumela umhlaseli wasemanzini ukuba angalumi nje kuphela izicubu zomzimba, kodwa futhi namathambo amakhulu ngokwanele esidumbu sakhe. Oshaka abamhlophe abalambile abakhethi ngokukhetha kwabo ukudla.
Izici ze-morphology yoshaka omhlophe:
- ikhanda elikhulu elenziwe ngesigaxa linamehlo, iphunga lamakhala nomlomo omkhulu ngokwanele;
- ama-grooves amancane atholakala emakhaleni, akhuphule izinga lokungena kwamanzi futhi athuthukise umuzwa wephunga lomzingeli;
- izinkomba zokucindezela amandla emihlathini emikhulu zifinyelela ema-newton ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili;
- amazinyo atholakala emigqeni emihlanu ayashintsha njalo, kodwa inani eliphelele lihluka phakathi kwamakhulu amathathu;
- ngemuva kwekhanda lomzingeli kukhona ama-gill slits amahlanu;
- amaphiko amabili amakhulu we-pectoral kanye ne-anterior anterior dorsal fin. Zigcwaliswa yimiphetho yesibili yomgogodla, amaphiko okhalweni nezindunu;
- umphetho otholakala emsila mkhulu;
- uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi lomzingeli lukhule kahle futhi luyakwazi ukufudumeza izicubu zemisipha ngokushesha, kwandise ijubane lokuhamba nokwenza ngcono ukuhamba komzimba omkhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe awunaso isinye sokubhukuda, ngakho-ke unomswakama omubi, futhi ukuvimbela ukucwila phansi, inhlanzi kufanele iqhubeke nokunyakaza njalo.
Isici salolu hlobo yisakhiwo esingajwayelekile samehlo, esivumela umhlaseli ukuthi abone inyamazane noma kumnyama. Isitho esikhethekile soshaka ulayini we-lateral, ngenxa yokuthi ukuphazamiseka okuncane kwamanzi kubanjwa noma kude ibanga elingamamitha ayikhulu noma ngaphezulu.
Indawo yokuhlala nokusatshalaliswa emvelweni
Indawo okuhlala kuyo ushaka omkhulu omhlophe amanzi amaningi asogwini olwandle... Lesi silwane esidla lubi sitholakala cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle koLwandle i-Arctic futhi siqhubekisela phambili ingxenye eseningizimu yogu lwase-Australia naseNingizimu Afrika.
Inani elikhulu labantu abazingelayo endaweni engasogwini yaseCalifornia, kanye nasendaweni eseduze nesiqhingi saseGuadeloupe eMexico. Futhi, inani elincane likashaka omkhulu omhlophe lihlala eduzane nase-Italy naseCroatia, nasogwini lwaseNew Zealand. Lapha, imihlambi emincane ihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezivikelwe.
Inani elikhulu loshaka abamhlophe likhethe amanzi aseduze neDyer Island, okuye kwavumela ososayensi ukuthi baphumelele ukwenza izifundo eziningi zesayensi. Futhi, kutholakala abantu abaningi impela bakashaka omkhulu omhlophe eduze kwalezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- IMauritius;
- Madagascar;
- IKenya;
- Seychelles;
- Australia;
- E-New Zealand.
Ngokuvamile, umhlaseli akathobeki endaweni yakhe yokuhlala, ngakho-ke, ukufuduka kugxile ezindaweni ezinesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu sezilwane nezimo ezifanele zokuzalela. Izinhlanzi ze-Epipelagic ziyakwazi ukuthatha ubukhazikhazi ziye ezindaweni ezisogwini lolwandle ezinenqwaba yezimpawu zamanzi, amabhubesi olwandle, imikhomo nezinye izinhlobo zoshaka abancane noma izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinamathambo. Imikhomo ebulalayo emikhulu kakhulu kuphela ekwaziyo ukumelana nale "nkosikazi" yendawo yolwandle.
Izindlela zokuphila nezokuziphatha
Ukuziphatha nokwakheka komphakathi koshaka abamhlophe akukafundwa ngokwanele. Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi abantu abahlala emanzini aseduze neNingizimu Afrika babonakala ngokubusa okuphezulu ngokuya ngobulili, ubukhulu nokuhlala kwabantu. Ukubusa kwabesifazane ngaphezu kwabesilisa, nabantu abakhulu kunabo bonke oshaka abancane... Izimo zokungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokuzingela zixazululwa ngamasiko noma ngokuziphatha okukhombisa. Ukulwa phakathi kwabantu besizwe esifanayo kungenzeka impela, kepha akuvamile. Njengomthetho, oshaka balezi zinhlobo ezingxabanweni bakhawulelwe ekuqineni okungabi namandla kakhulu, okuyisixwayiso.
Isici esivelele soshaka omhlophe yikhono lokuphakamisa ikhanda lakhe ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphezu kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokuzingela nokufuna inyamazane. Ngokusho kososayensi, ngale ndlela ushaka uyakwazi ukubamba iphunga kahle, noma ngabe likude impela.
Kuyathakazelisa!Abadli bangena emanzini endawo yasogwini, njengomthetho, emaqenjini azinzile noma amade, afaka phakathi kwabantu ababili kuya kwabayisithupha, afana nepakethe lempisi. Iqembu ngalinye elinjalo linomholi okuthiwa u-alpha, futhi abanye abantu ngaphakathi "kwepakethe" banesimo esivezwe ngokusobala ngokulandela isigaba sabaphathi.
Oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe bahlukaniswa ngamakhono athuthukiswe kahle engqondo kanye ne-wits esheshayo, ebavumela ukuthi bazitholele ukudla cishe kunoma yikuphi, ngisho nezimo ezinzima kakhulu.
Ukudla kwesidalwa esisemanzini
Ama-karharadons amancane, njengokudla okuyinhloko, asebenzisa izinhlanzi ezinamathambo ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi, izilwane zasolwandle ezincane nezilwane ezincelisayo eziphakathi nendawo. Abakhule ngokwanele futhi abakhiwe ngokuphelele oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe bandise ukudla kwabo ngenxa yezilwane ezinkulu, okungaba yizimpawu, izingonyama zasolwandle, nezinhlanzi ezinkulu futhi. Ama-karcharadons amadala ngeke enqabe inyamazane efana nezinhlobo ezincane zoshaka, ama-cephalopods nezinye izilwane zasolwandle ezinomsoco kakhulu.
Ukuze uzingele ngempumelelo oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe sebenzisa umbala oyingqayizivele womzimbafuthi. Umbala okhanyayo wenza ukuthi ushaka ucishe ungabonakali ezindaweni ezinamadwala angaphansi kwamanzi, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukulandela isisulu saso. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu yisikhathi lapho ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uhlasela khona. Ngenxa yokushisa komzimba okuphezulu, umhlaseli uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikahle, futhi amakhono amahle amasu avumela amakarharadoni ukuthi asebenzise amaqhinga wokuwina lapho ezingela izakhamuzi zasemanzini.
Okubalulekile!Ngomzimba omkhulu, emihlathini enamandla amakhulu namazinyo abukhali, ushaka omkhulu omhlophe cishe awunabancintisana nabo emvelweni yezilwane ezihlasela amanzi futhi uyakwazi ukuzingela cishe noma yisiphi isisulu.
Okuthandwa kakhulu ukudla kukashaka omkhulu omhlophe yizimpawu nezinye izilwane zasolwandle, kufaka phakathi amahlengethwa nezinhlobo ezincane zemikhomo. Ukudla inani eliningi lokudla okunamafutha kuvumela lesi silwane ukuthi silondoloze amandla alinganiselayo. Ukushisa kwesisindo semisipha ngohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi kudinga ukudla okumelwe ukudla okunama-kilojoule amaningi.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuzingelwa kwezimpawu ze-carcharodon. Ushibilika ngokundiza uvundlile kukholamu lamanzi, ushaka omhlophe wenza sengathi akasinaki isilwane sintanta ngaphezulu, kodwa lapho nje uphawu seluphelelwa ukuqapha, ushaka uhlasela isisulu sakhe, aphume emanzini kakhulu futhi acishe ngejubane lombani. Lapho kuzingelwa ihlengethwa, ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uqamekele futhi uhlasele ngemuva, okuvimbela ihlengethwa ekusebenziseni ikhono lalo elihlukile - ukunanela indawo.
Izici zokuzala
Ukukhiqizwa kukashaka omhlophe ngendlela ye-ovoviviparity kuhlukile, futhi kutholakala kuphela ezinhlanzini zezinhlayiya ezibulalayo.... Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi koshaka abakhulu abamhlophe kwenzeka eneminyaka eyishumi nambili kuya kweyishumi nane. Abesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngaphambili, abaneminyaka eyishumi. Amazinga aphansi okuzala kanye nokuthomba okude kakhulu kubhekwa njengezizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla kwenani loshaka abamhlophe namuhla.
Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uba yisidli sangempela ngisho nangaphambi kokuzalwa kwawo. Njengomthetho, oshaka abaningana bazalwa esiswini soshaka wesifazane, kepha kuzalwa kuphela amawundlu anamandla, adla bonke abafowabo besesibelethweni. Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokukhulelwa sihlala cishe izinyanga eziyishumi nanye. Amawundlu azelwe aqala ukuzizingela cishe ngokushesha. Ngokusho kokubukwa kwesikhathi eside komzingeli kanye nezibalo ezisemthethweni, cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zesizukulwane esisha soshaka abamhlophe abaphili ngisho nokubona usuku lwabo lokuzalwa lokuqala.
Izitha zemvelo
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe akanazitha eziningi zemvelo njengoba kungabonakala ekuqaleni. Kwesinye isikhathi, lesi silwane siyalimala ngesikhathi silwa nezihlobo zayo ezinkulu ezinolaka futhi zilambile. Imbangi esabekayo, enamandla futhi engathi sína kashaka omkhulu omhlophe yi-killer whale... Amandla, ubuhlakani nokubamba komkhomo obulalayo kwesinye isikhathi kudlula amakhono kashaka, futhi inhlangano ephezulu ibavumela ukuba bahlasele i-karcharodon ngokuzumayo.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, inhlanzi ye-hedgehog iyisitha esibi futhi esinonya soshaka. Ngaphandle kokuthi ubukhulu besakhamuzi sasemanzini buncane uma kuqhathaniswa, imvamisa ukufa kukashaka omkhulu omhlophe kuhlotshaniswa nenhlanzi ye-hedgehog, okuthi, ezimpawu zokuqala zengozi, ikhukhumale kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho ithatha isimo sebhola elihlabayo futhi eliqinile. Ushaka akakwazi ukukhafula noma ukugwinya inhlanzi ye-hedgehog esivele ibhajwe emlonyeni wayo, ngakho-ke umhlaseli uvame ukubhekana nokufa okubuhlungu kakhulu okutheleleka noma yindlala.
Ushaka omhlophe omkhulu nomuntu
Izisulu ezivame kakhulu zoshaka omkhulu omhlophe ngabathandi bemidlalo yokudoba kanye nabatshuzi abangenalwazi, abaphelelwa yigada futhi balinge ukubhukuda basondele kakhulu kuzinhlanzi ezidla ezinye. Ukwehla kwesibalo sikashaka omhlophe ikakhulu kusizwa ngumuntu uqobo, abulale umhlaseli ukuze athole amaphiko, izimbambo namazinyo abalulekile.
Noma kunjalo, le nhlanzi enkulu edlayo ayikwazi ukubangela umuzwa wokwethuka kuphela kubantu, kodwa futhi nokuncoma kwangempela, ngoba i-karcharodon ingenye yezikhali ezihlome kakhulu futhi ezenzelwe ukuzingela izilwane emhlabeni. Ngenxa yomuzwa ozwelayo kakhulu wokuhogela, ukuzwa nokubona okuhle kakhulu, kuthuthukiswe imizwa yokuthinta nokunambitha, kanye ne-electromagnetism, lesi silwane singenazo izitha. Namuhla, abantu abadala abakhulu abavamile, ngakho-ke kusobala ukuthi inani likashaka omkhulu omhlophe lingase libhekane nokuqothulwa ngokuphelele esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
