Ukuze uthwale ngokufanele isihloko esithi "Inyoka Enkulu Kunazo Zonke", kuyadingeka ukumangaza ama-herpetologists ngenhlanganisela ehambisanayo yamapharamitha amabili ayisihluthulelo - isisindo esiqinile nobude obuvelele bomzimba oshelelayo. Ake sikhulume ngezidalwa ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu ezi-10 eziphezulu.
I-python eyenziwe kabusha
Kubhekwa njengenyoka ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ehlala ikakhulukazi eNingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia... Umbhali womsebenzi "Izinyoka ezinkulu nezibankwa ezesabekayo", umcwaningi odumile waseSweden uRalph Blomberg uchaza isifanekiso esinesilinganiso sobude obungamamitha angaphansi nje kwayi-10.
Ekuthunjweni, ummeleli omkhulu walolu hlobo, owesifazane ogama lakhe linguSamantha (odabuka eBorneo), ukhule waba ngu-7.5 m, okumangazayo ngosayizi wabo abavakashela eNew York Bronx Zoo. Waphinde washonela lapho ngo-2002.
Endaweni yazo engokwemvelo, izinhlwathi ezibhalwe kabusha zikhula ziye kumamitha ayi-8 noma ngaphezulu. Kulokhu basizwa imenyu ehlukahlukene enezilwane ezinomgogodla ezinjengezinkawu, izinyoni, ama-ungulates amancane, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, amagundane kanye nama-civet adla inyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kwesinye isikhathi ufaka amalulwane kwimenyu yakhe, ewabamba endiza, okunamathela ngomsila wakhe ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle zezindonga kanye nomhume womhume.
Esidlweni sakusihlwa, ama-python ahamba nezilwane ezifuywayo: izinja, izinyoni, izimbuzi nezingulube. Isitsha esithandwa kakhulu yizimbuzi ezincane namantshontsho ezinesisindo esingu-10-15 kg, yize kulotshwe isibonelo sokumunca izingulube ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwama-60 kg.
Anaconda
Le nyoka (lat. Eunectes murinus) evela emndenini we-boa inamagama amaningi: inhlwathi ejwayelekile, inhlwathi enkulu nenhlwathi eluhlaza. Kepha kuvame ukubizwa ngendlela yakudala - i-water boa, inikezwe uthando lwento yamanzi... Lesi silwane sithanda imifula ezolile, amachibi kanye namachibi asemigodini yase-Orinoco nase-Amazon enemisinga ebuthaka.
U-Anaconda ubhekwa njengenyoka ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu emhlabeni, eqinisekisa lo mbono ngeqiniso elaziwa kakhulu: eVenezuela, babamba isilwane esihuquzelayo esingu-5.21 m ubude (ngaphandle komsila) nesisindo esingu-97.5 kg. Ngendlela, bekungowesifazane. Abesilisa be-water boa abazenzi ompetha.
Ngaphandle kokuthi inyoka ihlala emanzini, inhlanzi ayikho ohlwini lokudla ekuthandayo. Imvamisa, i-boa constrictor izingela izinyoni zasemanzini, ama-caimans, ama-capybaras, ama-iguana, ama-agouti, ama-peccaries, kanye nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane / eziphakathi nendawo kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
I-Anaconda ayizideleli izibankwa, izimfudu nezinyoka. Kunecala elaziwayo lapho i-boa yamanzi iklinya futhi igwinya i-python 2.5 metres ubude.
Inkosi uCobra
Umdli wenyoka (ophiophagus hannah) uhunyushwe ususelwa egameni lesiLatini elanikezwa imfezi ososayensi abaqaphele intshisekelo yalo yokudla ezinye izinyoka, kufaka phakathi lezo ezinobuthi obedlulele.
Isirhubuluzi esinobuthi esikhulu kunazo zonke sinelinye igama - hamadryad... Lezi zidalwa, ezikhula kukho konke ukuphila kwazo (iminyaka engama-30), zigcwele amahlathi emvula aseNdiya, e-Indonesia, ePakistan nasePhilippines.
Inyoka ende kunazo zonke yalolu hlobo yabanjwa ngo-1937 eMalaysia yathunyelwa eLoo Zoo. Lapha kukalwe, kwaqoshwa ubude obungu-5.71 m, obhalwe phansi. Bathi izinhlobo ziyakhasa emvelweni futhi ziyiqiniso ngokwengeziwe, yize iningi lamaphimpi asekhulile elingana phakathi nesikhathi esingamamitha ayi-3-4.
Ukuze kudunyiswe imfezi yasebukhosini, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ayiyona enobuthi kakhulu futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ibekezela impela: umuntu udinga ukuba sezingeni lamehlo akhe, futhi ngaphandle kokwenza ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, ukumelana nokubuka kwakhe. Bathi ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa, imfezi isuka ngokuthula endaweni yomhlangano ebingalindelekile.
I-Hieroglyph python
Enye yezinyoka ezine ezinkulu emhlabeni, kukhombisa kwezinye izimo isisindo esifanele (cishe i-100 kg) nobude obuhle (ngaphezu kwamamitha ayisithupha).
Isilinganiso sabantu esingaphezu kuka-4 m 80 cm asikhuli futhi akumangazi nangesisindo, ukuthola kusuka ku-44 kuye ku-55 kg esimweni sokuvuthwa ngokocansi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuba mncane komzimba kuhlanganiswe ngendlela exakile nobukhulu bawo, okungathi, nokho, akuvimbi isilwanyane esinyukayo ekukhuphukeni ezihlahleni nokubhukuda kahle ebusuku.
I-Hieroglyph (rock) pythons ihlala ema-savanna, emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nase-Afrika.
Njengazo zonke izinhlwathi, ingabulawa indlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Uhlala ekuthunjweni kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25. Isirhubuluzi asinobuthi, kepha sikhombisa ukudinwa okungalawuleki okuyingozi kubantu. Ngo-2002, umfana oneminyaka eyishumi waseNingizimu Afrika wahlaselwa yinyoka, eyayimane igwinywe yinyoka.
Ama-Rock pythons awangabazi ukuhlasela izingwe, izingwenya zaseNayile, izingulube zezinambuzane nezinyamazane ezinezithende ezimnyama. Kodwa ukudla okuyinhloko kwale nyoka ngamagundane, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni.
I-pind emnyama
Kulezi zinhlobo ezingenabuthi, abesifazane bahlaba umxhwele kakhulu kunabesilisa. Isirhubuluzi esimaphakathi asidluli kumamitha ayi-3.7, yize abanye abantu belula baze bafike ku-5 noma ngaphezulu.
Ububanzi besilwane yi-East India, iVietnam, iThailand, iMalaysia, iMyanmar, iNepal, iCambodia, iChina eseningizimu cishe. IHainan, Indochina. Ngenxa yabantu, inyoni emnyama inyoni yangena eFlorida (eU.SA).
Usayizi werekhodi wahlukaniswa yinsumpa emnyama eyayiphila kungekudala e-American snake safari park (Illinois). Ubude bale ndiza ebizwa ngeBaby babungu-5.74 m.
Ingwe emnyama i-python idla izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo... Ihlasela izinkawu, izimpungushe, ama-civerra, amajuba, izinyoni zasemanzini, izibankwa ezinkulu (ama-Bengal Monitor lizards), kanye namagundane, kufaka phakathi izingungumbane ezishisayo.
Imfuyo nezinkukhu kuvame ukuhlala etafuleni le-python: izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinkulu zibulala kalula futhi zidle izingulube ezincane, izinyamazane nezimbuzi.
Ingwe ekhanyayo python
I-tiger python subspecies... Ibizwa nangokuthi i-Indian python, futhi ngesiLatini ibizwa ngokuthi i-python molurus molurus. Ihlukile kunesihlobo sayo esiseduze i-python molurus bivittatus (i-dark brindle python) ubukhulu bayo ikakhulu: ayihlaba umxhwele kangako. Ngakho-ke, izimpentshane ezinkulu zaseNdiya azikhuli ngaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu. Kunezinye izimpawu zesici sale nyoka:
- amabala amancane phakathi kwamabala ahlobisa izinhlangothi zomzimba;
- umbala obomvana noma obomvu wemivimbo elula egijimela ohlangothini lwekhanda;
- kufiphalisiwe (engxenyeni engaphambili) iphethini emise okwedayimane ekhanda;
- okukhanyayo (uma kuqhathaniswa nombala omnyama we-python) onamathoni amaningi ansundu, ansundu, nsundu ngokubomvu nansundu ngokumpunga.
I-tiger python elula ihlala emahlathini aseNdiya, eNepal, eBangladesh, ePakistan naseBhutan.
I-Amethyst Python
Lo mmeli wombuso wezinyoka uvikelwe ngumthetho wase-Australia. Inyoka enkulu kunazo zonke ezwenikazi lase-Australia, okubandakanya i-amethyst python, ifinyelela cishe kumamitha ayi-8.5 ebudaleni futhi idla kuze kufike kuma-30 kg.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ukukhula kwenyoka akweqi ku-3 m 50 cm.Phakathi kwezihlobo zayo, ama-python, kubonakala ngeziqu ezilinganayo neziphawuleka kakhulu ezisendaweni ephezulu yekhanda.
Isazi sezinyoka sizoqonda ukuthi phambi kwakhe kukhona i-amethyst python ngombala oyingqayizivele wesikali:
- iphatha umbala onsundu womnqumo noma ophuzi womnqumo, ihlanganiswe ne-tint iridescent;
- imakwe kahle imivimbo emnyama / nsundu ngaphesheya kwesifuba;
- iphethini ehlukile ye-reticular eyenziwe ngemigqa emnyama nezikhala ezikhanyayo iyabonakala ngemuva.
Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sase-Australia sikhombisa intshisekelo yokudla kwezinyoni ezincane, izibankwa nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Izinyoka ezingenangqondo kakhulu zikhetha inyamazane yazo phakathi kwama-kangaroo asehlathini kanye ne-marsupial couscous.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abase-Australia (ikakhulukazi labo abahlala emaphethelweni) bayazi ukuthi i-python ayinqikazi ukuhlasela izilwane ezifuywayo: inyoka ekude izwa imfudumalo evela ezilwaneni ezinegazi elifudumele.
Ukuze bavikele izidalwa zabo eziphilayo kwi-amethyst python, abantu bendawo bazibeka ezindizeni. Ngakho-ke, e-Australia, akuhlali nje kuphela ama-parrot, izinkukhu kanye nonogwaja, kepha nezinja namakati zihlala emakhejini.
I-Boa constrictor
Yaziwa abaningi njenge-Boa constrictor futhi manje inezinhlayiyana eziyishumi, ezihlukile ngombala, ezihlobene ngqo nendawo yokuhlala... Umbala womzimba usiza i-boa constrictor ukuzifihla uqobo ukuze ihole indlela yokuphila engayedwa, icashe ngokuhlola amehlo.
Ekuthunjweni, ubude bale nyoka engeyisihlungu buqala ngamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-3, endle - cishe ubude obude kabili, kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-5 nohhafu. Isisindo esimaphakathi - 22-25 kg.
IBoa constrictor ihlala eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, kanye nase-Lesser Antilles, ifuna izindawo ezomile eziseduze nemizimba yamanzi ukuze ithuthuke.
Imikhuba yokudla ye-boa constrictor ilula kakhulu - izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, kaningi ezihuquzelayo. Ukubulala inyamazane, i-boa constrictor isebenzisa inqubo ekhethekile yomthelela esifubeni sesisulu, iyikhama esigabeni sokuphefumula.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-boa constrictor yaziwa kalula ekuthunjweni, ngakho-ke ivame ukukhuliswa ema-zoo nasezindaweni zasekhaya. Ukulunywa yinyoka akusongeli umuntu.
Umphathi wezindawo
I-Lachesis muta noma i-surukuku - inyoka enesihlungu kunazo zonke eNingizimu Melika evela emndenini wezinyokaukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20.
Ubude baso buvame ukuwela phakathi kwesikhawu esingu-2.5-3 m (ngesisindo esingu-3-5 kg), futhi ama-specimens angavamile kuphela akhula aze afike kumamitha ama-4. I-bushmaster inamazinyo amahle kakhulu anobuthi akhula kusuka ku-2,5 kuya ku-4 cm.
Inyoka ithanda ukuhlala yodwa futhi ayivelakancane, njengoba ikhetha izindawo ezingahlali muntu esiqhingini saseTrinidad, kanye nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi.
Okubalulekile! Abantu kufanele bamesabe umphathi wehlathi, yize amazinga okufa anesizotha avela kubuthi bakhe - 10-12%.
Umsebenzi wobusuku yisici se-surukuku - silinda izilwane, zilele zinganyakazi phansi phakathi kwamahlamvu. Ukungasebenzi akumkhathazi: uyakwazi ukulinda amasonto ngesisulu esingahle sibe yisisulu - inyoni, isibankwa, igundane noma ... enye inyoka.
Imnyama Mamba
IDendroaspis polylepis yisilwane esihuquzelayo esinobuthi sase-Afrika esihlala emahlathini / ema-savanna empumalanga, eningizimu nasenkabeni yezwekazi. Uchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi sokuphumula emhlabathini, ekhasa ngezikhathi ezithile (ukufudumeza) ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni.
Ngokuvamile kwamukelwa ukuthi emvelweni inyoka endala ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ayi-4,5 ngobunzima obungu-3 kg. Izinkomba ezimaphakathi ziphansi kancane - ukuphakama kungamamitha ama-3 kanti isisindo singu-2 kg.
Ngokuqhathaniswa nokwazalwa kwayo okuvela emndenini we-asp, imamba emnyama igqame ngamazinyo anobuthi amade kunawo onke (22-23 mm)... La mazinyo amsiza ukujova ngempumelelo ubuthi obulala ama-elephant hoppers, amalulwane, ama-hyrax, amagundane, i-galago, kanye nezinye izinyoka, izibankwa, izinyoni kanye nomuhlwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inyoka enobuthi kunazo zonke emhlabeni iyathanda ukuzingela emini, ilume inyamazane izikhathi eziningana ize ekugcineni iqhume. Ukugaya kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku.
