Ngiyavuma, akumnandi uma uthathwa njengesidalwa esingenangqondo esenza imisebenzi yomhlambi ngaphansi kwethonya lemicabango engaqondakali. Okungukuthi, idumela elinjalo laligxiliswe yigundane elincane elisenyakatho, ulamula, ogama lakhe laba igama lasekhaya ngenxa yenganekwane engamanga.
Inganekwane
Ulandisa ukuthi kanye njalo eminyakeni embalwa izigaxa ziyagijima, zihanjiswe yisimo esingaziwa, emaweni amakhulu nasogwini lolwandle ukuze zihlukane ngokuzithandela nempilo yazo enenzondo.
Abasunguli bedokhumentari ethi "White Wasteland", enikezelwe kuzilwane zaseCanada, banikele kakhulu ekusabalalisweni kwalokhu kusungulwa.... Abenzi befilimu basebenzise imishanelo ukuhambisa isixuku sezingulube esezithengiwe emanzini omfula, bebeka ukuzibulala kwabo ngobuningi. Futhi izethameli zefilimu zithathe isiteji se-stunt ngokubaluleka kobuso.
Kodwa-ke, ababhali bamafilimu, cishe, nabo ngokwabo badukiswa izindaba ezingathembekile mayelana nokuzibulala ngokuzithandela, okusize ngandlela thile ukuchaza ukwehla okukhulu kwamalimu.
Ososayensi bezinto zesimanje bathole isimo sokwehla okungazelelwe kwenani lamapulangwe, okungabonwa minyaka yonke.
Lapho lezi zihlobo ze-hamster zingenakho ukudla, ziba nokuqhuma kwabantu. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa nazo zifuna ukudla, futhi kungekudala inqwaba yefolishi iyanyamalala, kuphoqa ukuthi izigaxa zomlomo zihambe ziyofuna izimila ezintsha.
Kwenzeka ukuthi umzila wabo ungadluli ezweni kuphela: imvamisa ubuso bamanzi emifula esenyakatho namachibi busakazeka phambi kwezilwane. Ama-Lemmings angabhukuda, kepha awanakubala njalo amandla awo futhi afe. Isithombe esinjalo, esabonwa ngesikhathi sokufuduka okukhulu kwezilwane, sakha isisekelo senganekwane ngokuzibulala kwabo.
Kusuka emndenini wama-hamsters
Lezi zilwane ezibandayo ziyizihlobo eziseduze zezingwe nezingwe. Umbala wama-lemmings awahlukile ngokuhlukahluka: imvamisa iba mpunga-nsundu noma i-variegated, ephenduka imhlophe kakhulu ebusika.
Izigaxa ezincane zoboya (ezinesisindo esisuka ku-20 kuye ku-70 g) azikhuli ngaphezu kuka-10-15 cm ngokufakwa kwamasentimitha ambalwa ngomsila. Ebusika, amazipho ezidladleni zangaphambili ayanda, aphenduke izinselo noma amaphiko. Izinzipho eziguquliwe zisiza ulamula ukuthi lungangeni eqhweni elijulile futhi ludabule phakathi lufuna ubulembu.
Ububanzi buhlanganisa iziqhingi zoLwandle i-Arctic, kanye ne-tundra / ihlathi-ihlathi lase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Ama-lemmings aseRussia atholakala eChukotka, eMpumalanga Ekude naseKola Peninsula.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinduku zihola impilo esebenzayo, hhayi ukulala ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, bavame ukwakha izidleke ngaphansi kweqhwa, bedla izimpande zezitshalo.
Ngenkathi efudumele, ulwelwesi luhlala emigodini, okuholela kuyo umugqa omubi wezindima eziningi.
Imikhuba
Igundane elisenyakatho lithanda isizungu, imvamisa lihlanganyela ekulweni nezilima ezingena endaweni yalo yokondla.
Izinhlobo ezithile zikalamula (ngokwesibonelo, ama-lemming ehlathini) zikufihla ngokucophelela izimpilo zazo ukuthi zingaboni emehlweni, zikhase ezindlini zokulala ebusuku.
Ukubonakaliswa kokunakekelwa kwabazali nakho kuhlukile kuye: ngokushesha ngemuva kokwenza ucansi, abesilisa bashiya abesifazane ukuze banelise indlala yabo engapheli.
Yize benobungako bokuhlekisa, ingozi ngomuntu ibingelelwa ngesibindi - bangagxuma bashaye ikhwela ngokusongela, beme ngezinyawo zabo zangemuva, noma, ngokunye, bahlale phansi bathuse umuntu ongenayo, baqhweba izidladla zabo zangaphambili njengomshayi sibhakela.
Lapho bezama ukuthinta, babonisa ulaka ngokuluma isandla eseluliwe... Kepha lezi zindlela zokulwa "ezesabekayo" azikwazi ukwethusa izitha zemvelo zelimming: kunensindiso eyodwa kuphela kuzo - indiza.
Ukudla
Zonke izitsha zokukhiqiza ulamula zenziwe ngezithako ezisekelwe ezitshalweni ezinjenge:
- ubulembu obuhlaza;
- okusanhlamvu;
- iziqu namajikijolo ama-blueberries, ama-lingonberries, ama-blueberries nama-cloudberry;
- izihlahla ze-birch ne-willow;
- ukuthambeka;
- izihlahlana ze-tundra.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukugcina amazinga amandla anele, i-lemming idinga ukudla ukudla okuphindwe kabili kunalokho okunesisindo. Isikhathi esingangonyaka, igundane elidala limunca cishe ama-50 kg ohlaza: akumangalisi ukuthi itundra, lapho kudliwa khona izigaxa, iqala ukubukeka.
Impilo yesilwane incike enkambisweni eqinile, lapho njalo ihora lesidlo sasemini lilandelwa amahora amabili okulala nokuphumula, kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa ocansini, ukuhamba nokuseshwa kokudla.
Ukuntuleka kokudla kuthinta kabi i-psyche of lemmings... Azizideleli izitshalo ezinobuthi futhi zizama ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu kunazo.
Ukuntuleka kokudla kuyisizathu sokufuduka okukhulu kwamagundane emabangeni amade.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali
Ensimini yezwe lethu, izinhlobo ezi-5 kuya kwezi-7 zirekhodwe (ngokusho kokulinganisela okuhlukahlukene), ezahlukaniswa nendawo yazo yokuhlala, yona, enquma indlela yokuphila yezilwane nokuthandwa kokudla okuhlukile.
Amur lemming
Ayikhuli ngaphezu kuka-12 cm... Le igundane lingabonwa ngomsila walo, ulingana nobude bonyawo lwangemuva, namathe ezinwele ezinyawo. Ehlobo, umzimba unombala onsundu, uhlanjululwe ngamabala abomvu ezihlathini, indawo engezansi yesifonyo, izinhlangothi nesisu. Umugqa omnyama ubonakala ngenhla, ojiya kakhulu ekhanda nalapho udlulela emuva.
Ebusika, lo mugqa cishe awubonakali, futhi ijazi liba buthambile futhi libe lide, lithole umbala onsundu ofanayo ngokukhazimula okungasho lutho okuyimpunga nokubomvu. Amanye amakhemikhali e-Amur anezimpawu ezimhlophe ezimhlophe esilevini nasezindebeni zezindebe.
ULemming Vinogradov
Lezi zinhlobo (kufika ku-17 cm ubude) zihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile ze-tundra eziqhingini... Izilwane zigcina ukudla okuningi kwamagatsha, zikhetha ukudla utshani nezihlahlana.
Imigodi yamagundane ayinqaba kakhulu futhi ifana namadolobha amancane. Kuzo, abesifazane bazala ama-5-6 amawundlu kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-3 izikhathi ngonyaka.
Ulamula oluyinselo
Umhlali we-arctic kanye ne-subarctic tundras kusuka ogwini olusempumalanga yoLwandle Olumhlophe kuya eBering Strait, kufaka phakathi iNovaya neSevernaya Zemlya. Le rodent ingu-11 kuye ku-14 cm ubude ingatholakala lapho kukhula khona ubulembu, imifantu emifushane neminyezane, ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi nasethunzini elinamadwala.
Igama layo labongwa ngenxa yezinzipho ezimbili eziphakathi ezinyaweni zangaphambili, ezithatha ukubonakala kwemfoloko eqhweni.
Ehlobo, isilwane siba mpunga ngomlotha futhi sinezimpawu ezisobala zokugqwala ekhanda nasezinhlangothini. Esiswini ibhantshi limpunga emnyama, ngemuva kukhona umugqa omnyama omnyama, entanyeni kukhona "iringi" ekhanyayo. Ngobusika, umbala woboya uya ngokuya ubonakala.
Idla ama-birch ne-willow leaves / amahlumela, izingxenye zomoya / ama-blueberries nama-cloudberry. Kuvamise ukugcina ukudla emigodini lapho izigaxa zezimomondiya zivamise ukuchitha lonke ihlobo. Izingane (5-6) zivela lapha kuze kube kathathu ngonyaka.
Idlulisela amanxusa e-leptospirosis kanye ne-tularemia.
Ukulima ihlathi
Impuku emnyama empunga enesisindo esifinyelela ku-45 g enebala elinsundu ngokugqamile ngemuva... Uhlala esigangeni esivela eScandinavia siye eKamchatka naseMongolia (enyakatho), kanye naseNyakatho yeRussia. Ikhetha amahlathi (i-coniferous and mixed) lapho ubulembu bukhula ngobuningi khona.
Ama-lemmings asehlathini anikela ngamalitha amathathu ngonyaka, ngalinye lizala amawundlu amane kuye kwayisithupha.
Kubhekwa njengomthwali wemvelo we-tularemia bacillus.
Ulimi lwaseNorway
Umuntu omdala ukhula aze afike ku-15 cm... Ihlala ezintabeni zaseKola Peninsula naseScandinavia. Ukufuduka kuya ekujuleni nasehlathini-ehlathini.
Ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko kokudla okunomsoco kwenziwa kuma-moss aluhlaza, okusanhlamvu, u-lichen kanye ne-sedge, ngaphandle kokuyeka ama-lingonberries nama-blueberries.
Ipendiwe nge-motley, futhi umugqa omnyama ogqamile udwetshwa emhlane onsundu ophuzi. Ivila ukumba imigodi, ibheka izindawo zokukhosela zemvelo, lapho izala khona inzalo eningi: izingane ezifika ku-7 kudoti owodwa. Ngentwasahlobo nasehlobo, ulimi lwensikazi lwaseNorway lukhiqiza udoti ongafika ku-4.
Ulimi lwaseSiberia
Ngokuqhathaniswa nesizinda samanye amakhemikhali asekhaya, ivelela ukuzala kwawo okuphezulu: owesifazane unamalitha angafika kwangu-5 ngonyaka, ngakunye lapho azala khona izingane ezisukela kwezingu-2 kuye kwezingu-13.
Kuhlala ezindaweni eziyizigaxa zeRussian Federation kusuka eNyakatho Dvina entshonalanga kuya empumalanga yeKolyma, kanye neziqhingi ezikhethiwe zoLwandle i-Arctic.
Ngesisindo esingu-45 kuya ku-130 g, isilwane sisuka size sifike kumasentimitha ayi-14-16... Ebusika nasehlobo, linemibala efanayo - ngamathoni abomvu ngokuphuzi nomugqa omnyama ogijima ngemuva.
Ukudla kufaka phakathi ubulembu obuhlaza, ama-sedges, ama-tundra shrub. Njengomthetho, ihlala ngaphansi kweqhwa ezidlekeni ezifana namabhola, enziwe ngeziqu namaqabunga.
Ungumphathi we-pseudotuberculosis, i-tularemia ne-fever hemorrhagic fever.
Idivayisi yomphakathi
Esimweni sezulu esibandayo, ezinye izinhlobo zezimila zinyathela emphinjeni wesifiso sazo sokuhlala zodwa futhi zigonane ndawonye. Abesifazane abanezizukulwane baboshelwe endaweni ethile, kanti abesilisa bazulazula emahlathini nasetundra befuna uhlaza olufanele.
Uma kunokudla okuningi futhi kungekho sithwathwa esibi kakhulu, inani le-lemming likhula nge-lemming, liphindaphindeke ngisho nangaphansi kweqhwa futhi lijabulisa izilwane ezizingelayo ezizingela la magundane asenyakatho.
Lapho kuzalwa izigaxa zikalamula, impilo yanelisa impungushe yase-Arctic, ermine kanye nesikhova esimhlophe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uma amagundane eswele, isikhova asizami ngisho nokubeka amaqanda, sazi ukuthi ngeke sikwazi ukondla amaphuphu aso. Inani elincane lezimila liphoqa izimpungushe zase-Arctic ukuba zihambe ziyofuna inyamazane kusukela e-tundra kuya ehlathini.
Amagundane amelana nesithwathwa aphila kusuka eminyakeni engu-1 kuya kwengu-2.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Isikhathi esifushane sokuphila sikhuthaza ukuzala okwandayo nokuzala kwasekuqaleni kuma-lemmings.
Abesifazane bangena esigabeni sokuzala ezinyangeni ezimbili nje kuphela, kanti abesilisa bayakwazi ukukhulelwa ngokushesha lapho benamasonto ayisithupha ubudala. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha amaviki ama-3 kuphele ngamalimu amancane ayi-4-6. Isibalo esiphezulu sikadoti ngonyaka siyisithupha.
Amandla okuzala amagundane asenyakatho awancikile enkathini - azala ngokuthula ngaphansi kweqhwa emakhazeni amuncu kakhulu. Ngaphansi kobukhulu bekhava leqhwa, izilwane zakha isidleke, zisifakela amaqabunga notshani.
Kukuyo lapho kuzalwa khona isizukulwane esisha sama-lemmings.
