I-Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-subantarctic penguin, noma eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-gento penguin, ingeye-oda le-penguin-like.
I-Gentoo penguin isakazeka.
Ama-penguin we-Gentoo asatshalaliswa kuphela e-Southern Hemisphere, phakathi kuka-45 no-65 degrees latitude latitude. Kuleli banga, atholakala ezwekazini lase-Antarctic kanye naseziqhingini eziningi ezise-subantarctic. Cishe ama-13% awo wonke amaphengwini ahlala eningizimu yeqhwa lase-Antarctic.
Enye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-gentoo penguin iziQhingi zaseFalkland eziseNingizimu ye-Atlantic Ocean. Cishe ama-40% abo bonke abantu balezi zinhlobo atholakala kulesi siqhingi.
Izindawo zokuhlala ze-Gentoo penguin.
Amaphengwini avame ukuhlala ngasogwini lolwandle. Lokhu kuvumela ama-penguin ukuthi afinyelele ngokushesha ezindaweni zawo zokudla nezokwakha izidleke. Bakhetha ukuphakama okufika kumamitha ayi-115 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle ngasogwini, ngoba iqhwa kulezi zindawo livame ukuncibilika. Ukuphakama kokuphakama, mancane amathuba okuthi ufike lapho iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika ehlobo. Indawo kulezi zindawo iyisicaba futhi ilungele izidleke. Amaphengwini akhetha uhlangothi olusenyakatho, okungashisi kangako ehlobo. Isici esiyinhloko sendawo okuhlala kuyo i-ghent, okuyi-substrate enezingqimba zamatshe amancane amancane, ngokuvamile kuze kube ngamasentimitha amahlanu ububanzi. La matshe ayizisekelo zokwakha izidleke eziqinile ezizosinda sonke isikhathi sokuzala.
Amaphengwini achitha ingxenye yesikhathi sawo edonsela ngaphansi kwamanzi ukuze ondle. Lokhu kuhamba ngesikebhe kuvamise ukuba kufushane, ngokutshuza okude kakhulu kuhlala cishe imizuzu emibili. Ama-penguin we-Gentoo ngokuvamile adonsela ekujuleni kwamamitha ama-3 kuye kwangama-20, kwesinye isikhathi adonsela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-70.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zepenguin ye-gentoo.
Ezinhlotsheni ezingu-17 zamaphengwini, i-gentoo penguin ingeyesithathu ngobukhulu. Inyoni endala ilinganisa amasentimitha angama-76. Isisindo siyahluka kuye ngesizini, futhi singaba kusuka ku-4.5 kuye ku-8.5 kilograms.
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zama-penguin, ingxenyeni engezansi ye-gentoo penguin imhlophe kanti uhlangothi olungemuva lumnyama.
Le patheni enemibala yenza iphethini emangalisayo yokuqhathanisa. Lokhu kufaka imibala kubalulekile ukubhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi lapho izidalwa zisuke zibheke inyamazane yazo. Uhlangothi olumnyama luhlangana nombala waphansi kolwandle futhi luvumela ama-penguin ukuthi ahlale engabonakali lapho ebukwa ngezansi.
Ama-Gentoo penguin ahlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zama-penguin ngokumaka kwawo emakhanda awo. Ama-wedge amabili amhlophe azungeze amehlo asondela maphakathi naphezulu kwekhanda lawo. Izimpaphe eziyinhloko zimnyama, kodwa izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinamabala amancane nazo zikhona.
Kunezimpaphe ezingafika kuma-70 kuyintshi elilodwa lesikwele lomzimba wazo. Ama-Gentoo penguin abizwa nangokuthi "tassel penguins" ngoba imisila yawo inezimpaphe eziningi kunezinye izinhlobo zepenguin. Umsila ufinyelela kubude obungu-15 cm futhi unezimpaphe eziyi-14 - 18. Kubalulekile kuma-penguin ukuthi izimpaphe zihlala zingangeni manzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Zigcoba njalo izimpaphe ngento ekhethekile, ekhishwa endlaleni ngomlomo, osezansi komsila.
Imilenze ye-gentoo penguin iqinile, ijiyile ngezidladla ezinama-webbed ezinombala ogqamile we-orange onozipho olumnyama olude. Uqhwaku lumnyama ngokwengxenye, kepha lunesiqeshana esikhanyayo esimnyama esiwolintshi esinendawo ebomvu ohlangothini ngalunye. Umbala wale ndawo ubangelwa ukutholakala kwezingulube ze-carotenoid ezimuncwa kusuka ku-krill ngokungenisa.
Kunomehluko omncane kakhulu phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane. Owesilisa mkhulu kakhulu kunowesifazane, ngaphezu kwalokho, unomlomo omude, izimpiko nemilenze.
Amachwane embozwe ngwevu ekhephuzelayo, umlomo omnyama. Ama-wedge amhlophe azungeze amehlo asevele abonakala esemncane; nokho, azichazwa ngokusobala njengabantu abadala. Amaphengwini athola umbala wezimpaphe zezinyoni ezindala ngemuva kokuncibilika ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-14.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-gentoo penguin.
Kuma-gentoo penguin, owesilisa ukhetha indawo engcono kakhulu yokwakha izidleke. Izindawo eziyinhloko izindawo eziyizicaba ezingenalo iqhwa noma iqhwa. Eyesilisa ibiza insikazi ngokukhala okukhulu ukuze ihlole indawo.
Amaphengwini ayizinyoni ezizodwa futhi ahlangana impilo yonke. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, owesifazane ukhetha umlingani omusha. Izinga lesehlukaniso lingaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-20, okuyisilinganiso esiphansi ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zephengwini.
Ama-penguin angaqala ukwakha izidleke eneminyaka emibili, yize kuvame kakhulu eminyakeni emithathu noma emine ubudala.
Bangaphezu kuka-2000 ngababili abahlala koloni elilodwa.
Izidleke zihlukaniswe cishe imitha elilodwa. Bobabili abazali babambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesidleke. Inesimo esiyindilinga esinomphetho obanzi nesikhungo esingenalutho. Ubukhulu besidleke busuka ku-10 kuye ku-20 cm ukuphakama futhi cishe u-45 cm ububanzi. Izidleke zenziwa ngamatshe amancane, kufaka phakathi amatshe antshontshiwe kwezinye izidleke. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuchithwa amatshe amatshe amatshe angaphezu kuka-1 700 ekwakheni. Izimpaphe, amahlumela notshani kwesinye isikhathi kuyasetshenziswa.
I-Oviposition ihlala kusuka ngoJuni kuya maphakathi no-Agasti futhi imvamisa iphela ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba-Novemba. Insikazi izalela iqanda elilodwa noma amabili.
Amaqanda ayindilinga, aluhlaza-mhlophe. Ukufukamela kuthatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-35. Amachwane abonakala ebuthakathaka futhi enesisindo esingama-96 amagremu. Ahlala esidlekeni izinsuku ezingama-75 aze afike. Amaphengwini amancane azibophezela eneminyaka engama-70 ubudala bese eya olwandle okokuqala ngqa. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-gentoo penguin aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-13.
Izici zokuziphatha kwepenguin we-gentoo.
Ama-penguin yizinyoni ezihlala endaweni futhi aqaphe ngokuqinile izidleke zawo nendawo ezungeze isidleke, ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1 square meter ngosayizi.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, zihlala endaweni eyodwa lapho zizalela khona.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuhambisa izinyoni kwenye indawo ukwakheka kweqhwa phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, lapho kwenzeka khona izinyoni zithola indawo engenalo iqhwa.
Ngemuva kokuba amachwane esebalekile futhi eshiye izindawo zawo zokwakha, izinyoni ezindala ziqala ukuncibilika minyaka yonke. I-Molting inamandla amakhulu, futhi ama-penguin kufanele aqongelele izitolo zamafutha, ngoba i-molting ihlala izinsuku ezingama-55. Ngalesi sikhathi ama-gentoo penguin awakwazi ukondla olwandle futhi alahle masinyane cishe amagremu angama-200 ngesisindo ngosuku.
Ukudla kwe-Gentoo penguin.
Ama-Gentoo penguin adla kakhulu izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans nama-cephalopods. I-Krill nezimfanzi kungukudla okuyinhloko.
Kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba, ama-gentoo penguin adla i-notothenia nenhlanzi. Ama-cephalopods enza u-10% kuphela wokudla kwawo phakathi nonyaka; lawa ngama-octopus nama-squid amancane.
Izenzo Zokulondolozwa Kwe-Gentoo Penguin.
Izenzo zemvelo zibandakanya:
- Ukuqapha kwesikhathi eside kwamakholoni okuzalanisa ama-gentoo penguin kanye nokuvikelwa kwezindawo zokwakha izidleke.
- Ukungcoliswa kukawoyela ezindaweni zokuzalela nezokudla kufanele kuncishiswe.
- Vimbela zonke izivakashi ukuba zisondele kuleli koloni ngaphansi kwamamitha ama-5 futhi zenzele izindawo ezivinjiwe zabavakashi.
- Susa izinhlobo ezihlaselayo: amagundane, izimpungushe eziqhingini zaseFalkland.
Umthelela wanoma ikuphi ukudoba okuhlongozwayo kwezinhlanzi ezindaweni ze-gentoo penguin kumele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuba lokho kudoba kuvunyelwe.
